Modeling of V-Shaped Beam-Mass Piezoelectric Energy Harvester: Impact of the Angle Between the Beams

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Jiun Su ◽  
Jean W. Zu
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Layers ◽  
Cantilevered Beam ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Tip Mass ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam

Piezoelectric material has been widely utilized in vibration-based energy harvesters (VEH). The most common configuration of piezoelectric energy harvester is a cantilevered beam with unimorph or bimorph piezoelectric layers. In this paper, a new configuration of PEH is proposed. Two beams are assembled as V shape with tip masses attached. The first beam is a cantilevered beam with tip mass while the second beam is attached to the end of the first beam with a certain angle. Piezoelectric layers are attached to both beams in unimorph configuration for power generation. The analytical solution is derived based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. In this analysis, the angle varies from 0 to 135 degree to see the influence of angle on voltage and power frequency response. The V-shaped VEH is proven to have the second resonant frequency relatively close to the first resonant frequency when compared with conventional cantilevered VEH. Furthermore, the angle between the two beams will influence the ratio of the second to the first resonant frequency. By choosing a suitable angle, the V-shaped structure can effectively broaden the bandwidth.

Parametric analysis of multilayered unimorph piezoelectric vibration energy harvesters

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (15) ◽  
pp. 2538-2553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Jemai ◽  
Fehmi Najar ◽  
Moez Chafra
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Piezoelectric Layers

The use of a multilayer piezoelectric cantilever beam for vibration-based energy harvesting applications has been investigated as an effective technique to increase the harvested electrical power. It has been shown that the multilayered energy harvester performance is very sensitive to the number of layers and their electrical connection due to impedance variations. The objective of this work is to suggest a comprehensive mathematical model of multilayered unimorph piezoelectric energy harvester allowing analytical solution for the harvested voltage and electrical power. The model is used to deeply investigate the influence of different parameters on the harvested power. A distributed-parameter model of the harvester using the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and Hamilton's principle is derived. Gauss's law is used to derive the electrical equations for parallel and series connections. A closed-form solution is proposed based on the Galerkin procedure and the obtained results are validated with a finite element 3D model. A parametric study is performed to ascertain the influence of the load resistance, the thickness ratio, the number of piezoelectric layers on the tip displacement and the electrical harvested power. It is shown that this model can be easily used to adjust the geometrical and electrical parameters of the energy harvester in order to improve the system's performances. In addition, it is proven that if one of the system's parameter is not correctly tuned, the harvested power can decrease by several orders of magnitude.

Energy Harvesting From Heartbeat Using Piezoelectric Beams With Fan-Folded Configuration and Added Tip Mass

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Ansari ◽  
M. Amin Karami
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Mechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Power Frequency ◽  
Tip Mass ◽  
Multi Mode ◽  
Very High

A fan-folded piezoelectric energy harvester is designed to generate electricity using heartbeat vibrations. This energy harvester consists of several bimorph beams stacked on top of each other making a fan-folded shape. Each beam has a brass substrate and two piezoelectric patches attached on both sides of it. These beams are connected to each other by rigid beams. One end of the device is clamped to the wall and the other end is free to vibrate. A tip mass is placed at the free end to enhance the output power of the device and reduce the natural frequency of the system. High natural frequency is one major concern about the microscaled energy harvesters. The size for this energy harvester is 1 cm by 1 cm by 1 cm, which makes the natural frequency very high. By utilizing the fan-folded geometry and adding tip mass and link mass to the configuration, this natural frequency is reduced to the desired range. The generated electricity can be used to power up a pacemaker. If enough electricity is generated, the pacemaker operates without having a battery and the patient does not need to have a surgery every seven to ten years to have the battery replaced. The power needed for a pacemaker to operate is about 1 microwatt. In this paper, the natural frequencies and mode shapes of fan-folded energy harvesters with added tip mass and link mass are analytically derived. The electro-mechanical coupling has been included in the model and the expression for the multi-mode power frequency response function is calculated.

Design and Modeling of a Bi-Directional U-Shaped Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Jiun Su
Keyword(s):  
Electromechanical Coupling ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Vibration Energy ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Resonant Frequencies ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Coupling System ◽  
Piezoelectric Layers ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam

In this paper, we proposed a Bi-directional U-shaped piezoelectric energy harvester that is capable of scavenging vibration energy in two orthogonal directions. The U-shaped harvester is a three-segment beam with piezoelectric layers attached. The harvester is designed to work in its first three resonant frequencies. A theoretical model of the harvester is derived based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The model is capable of simulating the electromechanical coupling system and obtaining the frequency responses under excitations of two orthogonal directions. The resonant frequencies of the harvester can be tuned by simply altering the length-to-width ratio of the beam structure. It is shown in the simulation that the U-shaped design can effectively harvest vibration energy in two directions of excitations.

scholarly journals Analysis of a Cantilevered Piezoelectric Energy Harvester in Different Orientations for Rotational Motion

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Jiun Su ◽  
Jia-Han Lin ◽  
Wei-Chang Li
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Rotational Motion ◽  
Axial Load ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Tip Mass

This paper investigates a piezoelectric energy harvester that consists of a piezoelectric cantilever and a tip mass for horizontal rotational motion. Rotational motion results in centrifugal force, which causes the axial load on the beam and alters the resonant frequency of the system. The piezoelectric energy harvester is installed on a rotational hub in three orientations—inward, outward, and tilted configurations—to examine their influence on the performance of the harvester. The theoretical model of the piezoelectric energy harvester is developed to explain the dynamics of the system and experiments are conducted to validate the model. Theoretical and experimental studies are presented with various tilt angles and distances between the harvester and the rotating center. The results show that the installation distance and the tilt angle can be used to adjust the resonant frequency of the system to match the excitation frequency.

Experimental and Theoretical Study of a Dual-Beam Piezoelectric Energy Harvester With Misaligned Magnets

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Jiun Su ◽  
Hsuan-Chen Lu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Theoretical Study ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Main Beam ◽  
Bernoulli Beam ◽  
Potential Wells ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Dual Beam ◽  
Frequency Sweeps ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam

In this study, a dual-beam piezoelectric energy harvester is proposed. This harvester consists of a main beam and an auxiliary beam with a pair of magnets attached to couple their motions. The potential energy of the system is modeled to understand the influence of the potential wells on the dynamics of the harvester. It is noted that the alignment of the magnets significantly influences the potential wells. A theoretical model of the harvester is developed based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Frequency sweeps are conducted experimentally and numerically to study the dynamics of the harvester. It is shown that the dual-beam harvester can exhibit hardening effect with different configurations of magnet alignments in frequency sweeps. The performance of the harvester can be improved with proper placement of the magnets.

scholarly journals Theoretical and experimental investigation of parametrically excited piezoelectric energy harvester

2018 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 02009
Author(s):  
Anshul Garg ◽  
Santosha K. Dwivedy
Keyword(s):  
Cantilever Beam ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Resonance Condition ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
State Response ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Arbitrary Position ◽  
Fixed End ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam

In the present work, a cantilever beam based piezoelectric energy harvester is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. The harvester is consists of a harmonically base excited vertical cantilever beam with a piezoelectric patch at the fixed end and a mass attached at an arbitrary position. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is applied considering the cantilever beam to be slender. The temporal nonlinear electromechanical governing equation of motion is obtained by using generalized Galerkin’s method considering two-mode approximation. Here for principal parametric resonance condition the steady state response of the voltage is obtained by using the method of multiple scales. The results are validated by developing an experimental setup of the harvester. For the harvester having a dimension of 295 mm×24 mm×7.6 mm, a maximum voltage of 40 V is obtained for a base motion of 9 mm with a frequency of 10.07 Hz when 15 gm mass is attached at a distance of 140 mm from the fixed end.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of Upright Piezoelectric Energy Harvester under Aerodynamic Vortex-induced Vibration

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinda Jia ◽  
Xiaobiao Shan ◽  
Deepesh Upadrashta ◽  
Tao Xie ◽  
Yaowen Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Longitudinal Direction ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Vortex Induced Vibration ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Coupled Equations ◽  
Output Performance ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Tip Mass

This paper presents an upright piezoelectric energy harvester (UPEH) with cylinder extension along its longitudinal direction. The UPEH can generate energy from low-speed wind by bending deformation produced by vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs). The UPEH has the advantages of less working space and ease of setting up an array over conventional vortex-induced vibration harvesters. The nonlinear distributed modeling method is established based on Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and aerodynamic vortex-induced force of the cylinder is obtained by the van der Pol wake oscillator theory. The fluid–solid–electricity governing coupled equations are derived using Lagrange’s equation and solved through Galerkin discretization. The effect of cylinder gravity on the dynamic characteristics of the UPEH is also considered using the energy method. The influences of substrate dimension, piezoelectric dimension, the mass of cylinder extension, and electrical load resistance on the output performance of harvester are studied using the theoretical model. Experiments were carried out and the results were in good agreement with the numerical results. The results showed that a UPEH configuration achieves the maximum power of 635.04 μW at optimum resistance of 250 kΩ when tested at a wind speed of 4.20 m/s. The theoretical results show that the UPEH can get better energy harvesting output performance with a lighter tip mass of cylinder, and thicker and shorter substrate in its synchronization working region. This work will provide the theoretical guidance for studying the array of multiple upright energy harvesters.

scholarly journals Bandwidth Broadening of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Using Arrays of a Proposed Piezoelectric Cantilever Structure

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 973
Author(s):  
Marwa S. Salem ◽  
Shimaa Ahmed ◽  
Ahmed Shaker ◽  
Mohammad T. Alshammari ◽  
Kawther A. Al-Dhlan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Piezoelectric Material ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Vibration Source ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Narrow Bandwidth ◽  
Cantilever Structure ◽  
Bandwidth Broadening

One of the most important challenges in the design of the piezoelectric energy harvester is its narrow bandwidth. Most of the input vibration sources are exposed to frequency variation during their operation. The piezoelectric energy harvester’s narrow bandwidth makes it difficult for the harvester to track the variations of the input vibration source frequency. Thus, the harvester’s output power and overall performance is expected to decline from the designed value. This current study aims to solve the problem of the piezoelectric energy harvester’s narrow bandwidth. The main objective is to achieve bandwidth broadening which is carried out by segmenting the piezoelectric material of the energy harvester into n segments; where n could be more than one. Three arrays with two, four, and six beams are shaped with two piezoelectric segments. The effect of changing the length of the piezoelectric material segment on the resonant frequency, output power, and bandwidth, as well as the frequency response is investigated. The proposed piezoelectric energy harvesters were implemented utilizing a finite element method (FEM) simulation in a MATLAB environment. The results show that increasing the number of array beams increases the output power and bandwidth. For the three-beam arrays, at n equals 2, 6 mW output power and a 9 Hz bandwidth were obtained. Moreover, the bandwidth of such arrays covered around 5% deviation from its resonant frequency. All structures were designed to operate as a steel wheel safety sensor which could be used in train tracks.

scholarly journals An E-shape broadband piezoelectric energy harvester induced by magnets

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (11) ◽  
pp. 2477-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Lu ◽  
Fabrizio Scarpa ◽  
Liwu Liu ◽  
Jinsong Leng ◽  
Yanju Liu
Keyword(s):  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Output Voltage ◽  
Energy Harvester ◽  
Variation Principle ◽  
Frequency Bandwidth ◽  
Restoring Force ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
Half Power ◽  
Tip Mass

We describe in this work a broadband magnetic E-shape piezoelectric energy harvester with wide frequency bandwidth. We develop first a nonlinear electromechanical model of the harvester based on the Hamilton variation principle that simulates the effect of the nonlinear magnetic restoring force at different spacing distances. The model is used to identify the distances existing between two different magnets that enable the system to perform with a specific nonlinearity. The performance of the E-shape piezoelectric energy harvester is also investigated through experiments, with E-shape energy harvesters at different spacing distances tested under several base acceleration excitations. We observe that the frequency domain output voltage of the system shows a general excellent controllable performance, with a widening of the frequency bandwidth. The half-power bandwidth of the linear energy harvester for a distance of 25 mm is 0.8 Hz only, which can be expanded to 2.67 Hz for the larger distance of 11 mm between magnets. The energy harvester presented in this work shows promising performances for broad-spectrum vibration excitations compared to conventional cantilever piezoelectric energy harvester systems with a tip mass.

Analysis and Characterization of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting From Galloping and Base Excitations With Complex Electrical Circuitry

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hichem Abdelmoula ◽  
Abdessattar Abdelkefi
Keyword(s):  
Excitation Frequency ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Load Resistance ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Energy Harvesters ◽  
Piezoelectric Energy ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Electrical Components ◽  
Euler Bernoulli Beam ◽  
Quenching Phenomenon

The characteristics and performance of piezoelectric energy harvesters concurrently subjected to galloping and base excitations when using a complex electrical circuit are studied. The considered energy harvester is composed of a bilayered cantilever beam with a square cylindrical structure at its tip. Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, nonlinear quasi-steady hypothesis, and Galerkin method are used to develop a reduced order model of this system. The electrical circuitry of the harvester consists of a load resistance, a capacitance, and an inductance. The impacts of the electrical components of the harvester’s circuitry, the wind speed, and the base excitation frequency and acceleration on the broadband characteristics of the harvester, quenching phenomenon, and appearance of new nonlinear behaviors are deeply investigated and discussed. When both coupled frequencies of electrical and mechanical types exists and are far from each other, it is shown that the quenching phenomenon is only related to the coupled frequency of mechanical type. Unlike the existence of the quenching phenomenon, the results show that the beating phenomenon takes place for different excitation frequencies when they are close to the coupled frequencies of electrical and mechanical types.

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