Contextual Undertow of Workplace Deviance by and Within Units: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Götz ◽  
Grégoire Bollmann ◽  
Ernest H. O’Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Organizational Hierarchy ◽  
Appropriate Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multiple Reference

Within the constellation of employee misconduct, workplace deviance possesses the somewhat distinctive feature of violating organizational norms. Yet, the burgeoning research examining the social context surrounding workplace deviance typically fails to properly account for it. Interdisciplinary research has demonstrated that within organizations (a) multiple reference groups provide descriptive and injunctive norms about (in)appropriate behavior; (b) even when embedded within the organizational hierarchy, norms are not necessarily consistent across these groups; and (c) the immediate reference group often exerts a crucial influence. Against this background, we discuss prevalent conceptualizations of workplace deviance and systematically review the literature from 1995 to 2017. We present our findings according to external and organizational, leadership, and intraunit antecedents of workplace deviance by and within units, distinguishing, in particular, unit composition, processes and emergent states, climates, and norms. We conclude with a discussion of theoretical and methodological avenues for future research.

Social Norms and Their Enforcement

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica M. Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Personal Relevance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Injunctive Norms ◽  
Social Sanctions ◽  
The Impact

In this chapter social norms are redefined as “rules and standards that are understood by members of a group, and that guide morally relevant social behavior by way of social sanctions, instead of the force of laws.” In line with this revised definition, the chapter includes a discussion of how and when individuals enforce social norms along with the customary review of the literature on social norms as agents of social influence. A discussion of how to maximize the impact of social norms interventions follows with special consideration given to (a) combining descriptive and injunctive norms, (b) reference groups, (c) personal relevance, and (d) cognitive resources. The chapter also includes a discussion of the tendency to underestimate the influence of social norms, both on one’s own behavior and the behavior of others. Several conflicting results are identified and suggestions are made for how to resolve them with future research.

scholarly journals With whom, and about what, do we compare?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvild Mageli ◽  
Andrea Mannberg ◽  
Eirik Heen
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Social Identification ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Positional Concerns ◽  
Social Closeness ◽  
The Social

We use an experimental approach to test if there is a link between positional preferences and the social closeness and relevance of the reference group. More specifically, we test if people are more positional when they compare with friends and colleagues, than when they compare to an anonymous person in society. We further test if the gender of the members in the reference group is important, and if positional preferences can be linked to an individual’s social identity. To test our hypotheses, we randomize the reference groups across five unique domains – income, work performance, beauty, physical strength and social media popularity. Our results lend support to the hypothesis that social identification with a domain is correlated with positional concerns in that domain. However, in contrast to our hypotheses, we also find that a comparisons with an anonymous person in society trigger positional concerns among a significantly larger share of participants than do comparisons with friends or colleagues. Finally, our results indicate that both the gender of the participant and of the reference group has an effect on positional concerns.

Reference group influence in consumer role rehearsal narratives

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Marie Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Group Dynamics ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Role Theory ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Group Influence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Perspective

Purpose – This paper aims to analyse reference group influence through the imagined audience construct of the role theory. Prior research has shown the influential nature of reference groups on an individuals’ behaviour. The studied theatrical metaphor supplies a new perspective to the social phenomenon of reference group dynamics in consumer behaviour. Design/methodology/approach – Twenty face-to-face interviews were conducted utilizing a naturalistic research study design. The interviews took place in the participants’ homes, and participants were asked to create five outfits for various social situations. Then, the participants were asked about the outfits they created, and how that outfit aided in their role preparation process. An inductive analysis of the data resulted in narrative themes that align with several role theory constructs. Findings – The consumer role rehearsal narratives that emerged describe the process individuals go through for anticipated social interactions. Depending on the social situation, role theory constructs such as role expectations, role location, role learning and role skill were highlighted. The imagined audience of various reference groups do impact the individual’s future behaviours. Research limitations/implications – Future researchers could apply additional role theory constructs not only to reference groups but also to other aspects of consumer behaviour as well. Originality/value – This paper supplies a role theory framework that can be used by future researchers when studying reference group influence on consumer behaviour.

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor Sosial yang Mempengaruhi Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Minimarket Indomaret dengan Minimarket Biasa

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Ramadhan ◽  
Mohammad Alqadri Perdana
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Family Factors ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Reference Groups ◽  
Consumer Decisions ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Perception Analysis ◽  
The City

Consumer decisions are processes that occur to consumers when he decides to buy, what to buy, where, when and how to buy it. This study aims to determine the factors that influence consumer decisions in choosing Indomaret minimarkets and ordinary minimarkets and the most dominant factors that influence consumer decisions in choosing the Indomaret minimarket with ordinary minimarkets in the city of Bengkalis. This type of research is observational. This study uses the method of qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and perception analysis. The results of this study indicate that consumer decisions that are influenced by the social factors of Indomaret minimarket are personality factors with a value of 3.37 and consumer decisions that are influenced by social factors of Indomaret minimarket are reference group factors with a value of 3.49. From the results of the research that has been obtained it turns out that reference groups, family factors, personality factors influence decisions, the most dominant factors are reference group factors and personality factors. While the lowest factor, namely personality factors 2.69.

Current Postvention Research and Priorities for the Future

Crisis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Andriessen ◽  
Dolores Angela Castelli Dransart ◽  
Julie Cerel ◽  
Myfanwy Maple
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Intercultural Collaboration ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suicide Bereavement ◽  
Ethical Approval

Abstract. Background: Suicide can have a lasting impact on the social life as well as the physical and mental health of the bereaved. Targeted research is needed to better understand the nature of suicide bereavement and the effectiveness of support. Aims: To take stock of ongoing studies, and to inquire about future research priorities regarding suicide bereavement and postvention. Method: In March 2015, an online survey was widely disseminated in the suicidology community. Results: The questionnaire was accessed 77 times, and 22 records were included in the analysis. The respondents provided valuable information regarding current research projects and recommendations for the future. Limitations: Bearing in mind the modest number of replies, all from respondents in Westernized countries, it is not known how representative the findings are. Conclusion: The survey generated three strategies for future postvention research: increase intercultural collaboration, increase theory-driven research, and build bonds between research and practice. Future surveys should include experiences with obtaining research grants and ethical approval for postvention studies.

The Social Neuroscience of Cooperation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
A Value ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cooperative Decision Making

We review literature from several fields to describe common experimental tasks used to measure human cooperation as well as the theoretical models that have been used to characterize cooperative decision-making, as well as brain regions implicated in cooperation. Building on work in neuroeconomics, we suggest a value-based account may provide the most powerful understanding the psychology and neuroscience of group cooperation. We also review the role of individual differences and social context in shaping the mental processes that underlie cooperation and consider gaps in the literature and potential directions for future research on the social neuroscience of cooperation. We suggest that this multi-level approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of the mental and neural processes that underlie the decision to cooperate with others.

Political psychology in the digital (mis)information age: A model of news belief and sharing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel ◽  
Elizabeth Ann Harris ◽  
Philip Pärnamets ◽  
Steve Rathje ◽  
Kimberly Doell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Integrative Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
The Social

The spread of misinformation, including “fake news,” propaganda, and conspiracy theories, represents a serious threat to society, as it has the potential to alter beliefs, behavior, and policy. Research is beginning to disentangle how and why misinformation is spread and identify processes that contribute to this social problem. We propose an integrative model to understand the social, political, and cognitive psychology risk factors that underlie the spread of misinformation and highlight strategies that might be effective in mitigating this problem. However, the spread of misinformation is a rapidly growing and evolving problem; thus scholars need to identify and test novel solutions, and work with policy makers to evaluate and deploy these solutions. Hence, we provide a roadmap for future research to identify where scholars should invest their energy in order to have the greatest overall impact.

Engagement as a Reflection of Communicative Potential

Communicology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
N.V. Kirillina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Interdisciplinary Research ◽  
Strategic Communication ◽  
Phenomenological Tradition ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Potential ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Communicative Processes

The paper represents the analysis of the concept of communicative. The choice of topic is determined by the search for criteria and tools for assessing the results of strategic communication, taking into account the development of its interactive forms. The author leads the existing approaches to the definition of the concept of engagement and identifies the areas for further interdisciplinary research of the specified subject, and raises the issue of the appropriateness of using the engagement indicators in the assessment the social potential of communication. The work is based on the phenomenological tradition in the interpretation of communicative processes and the metamodel of communication of R. Craig. The author uses the methods of comparative analysis, analogy, generalization, and combined methodology of interdisciplinary analysis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document