The Social Neuroscience of Cooperation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Joseph Van Bavel
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
A Value ◽  
Group Cooperation ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cooperative Decision Making

We review literature from several fields to describe common experimental tasks used to measure human cooperation as well as the theoretical models that have been used to characterize cooperative decision-making, as well as brain regions implicated in cooperation. Building on work in neuroeconomics, we suggest a value-based account may provide the most powerful understanding the psychology and neuroscience of group cooperation. We also review the role of individual differences and social context in shaping the mental processes that underlie cooperation and consider gaps in the literature and potential directions for future research on the social neuroscience of cooperation. We suggest that this multi-level approach provides a more comprehensive understanding of the mental and neural processes that underlie the decision to cooperate with others.

Social by Default: Characterizing the Social Functions of the Resting Brain

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 380-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan L. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Cognitive Neuroscience ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Default Network ◽  
Social Brain ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
The Social

Social-neuroscience research has identified a set of medial frontoparietal brain regions that reliably engage during social cognition. At the same time, cognitive-neuroscience research has shown that these regions comprise part of the default network, so named because they reliably activate during mental breaks by default. Although the anatomical similarity between the social brain and the default brain is well documented, why this overlap exists remains a mystery. Does the tendency to engage these regions by default during rest have particular social functions, and if so, what might these be? Here, it is suggested that the default network performs two critical social functions during rest: social priming and social consolidation. These constructs will be defined, recently published empirical findings that support them will be reviewed, and directions for future research on the topic will be proposed.

scholarly journals Social exclusion increases the executive function of attention networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huoyin Zhang ◽  
Shiyunmeng Zhang ◽  
Jiachen Lu ◽  
Yi Lei ◽  
Hong Li
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Attention Network ◽  
Attention Networks ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Control

AbstractPrevious studies in humans have shown that brain regions activating social exclusion overlap with those related to attention. However, in the context of social exclusion, how does behavioral monitoring affect individual behavior? In this study, we used the Cyberball game to induce the social exclusion effect in a group of participants. To explore the influence of social exclusion on the attention network, we administered the Attention Network Test (ANT) and compared results for the three subsystems of the attention network (orienting, alerting, and executive control) between exclusion (N = 60) and inclusion (N = 60) groups. Compared with the inclusion group, the exclusion group showed shorter overall response time and better executive control performance, but no significant differences in orienting or alerting. The excluded individuals showed a stronger ability to detect and control conflicts. It appears that social exclusion does not always exert a negative influence on individuals. In future research, attention to network can be used as indicators of social exclusion. This may further reveal how social exclusion affects individuals' psychosomatic mechanisms.

scholarly journals Applying Social Media in Crisis Communication: A Quantitative Review of Social Media-Related Crisis Communication Research from 2009 to 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Future Research Directions

Social media has drawn growing attention from crisis communication researchers. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the current paradigm of research on social media and crisis communication, to identify the research gaps, and to help scholars understand future research directions in this area. The current study examined the trends and patterns of social media-related crisis communication research published in 11 communication and public relations journals from 2009 to 2017. More specifically, it focused on the trends and characteristics of research topics, theories and theoretical models, crisis types, social media platforms, sample types, and research methods. This study found that public relations-focused journals published most of the social media-related crisis communication articles. Most studies adopted theories or theoretical models and examined the role of social media in crisis communication, which focused on product tampering and general crisis. Additionally, a considerable number of studies employed content analysis techniques that used social media content as the sample. This study discussed the trends of social media-related crisis communication research and the directions for future research. Keywords: Crisis communication, social media, research trend, public relations, communication.

Customer-Centered Antecedents of a Value Co-Creation Ecosystem

2022 ◽  
pp. 22-52
Author(s):  
Sumit Saxena ◽  
Amritesh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Service Systems ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Resource Integration ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Relevant Category ◽  
Customer Perspective ◽  
Scopus Database

Considering the call for understanding the broader social and cultural context of value co-creation within emerging multilevel co-creative service systems, this research aims to explore the social and cultural processes along with psychological processes in terms of their influence on resource integration. It primarily adopts the customer perspective of resource integration. First, an integrative structure is developed and then the identified antecedents are positioned under relevant category proposing the multi-perspective VCC antecedent' framework. Further, the extant knowledge about VCC antecedents is used to set the agenda for future research. The study is based on an in-depth review of 85 key articles carefully extracted from a broad set of 1100 papers on VCC within the Scopus database. This review work provides a clear state of the art of VCC antecedents and has a direct implication for managers involved in designing the co-creation strategies for their customers.

scholarly journals A Path Analytic Model Exploration of Determinants of Happiness of Older Adults in Abu Dhabi

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muna Al Bahar ◽  
Masood Badri ◽  
Mugheer Al Khaili ◽  
Fahad Al Neyadi ◽  
Guang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Abu Dhabi ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Research Directions

AbstractThe objective of the study was to identify the factors associated with the subjective well-being of older adults in Abu Dhabi when happiness is taken as the dependent variable. In the present research, a framework based on theoretical models was developed in which older adult’s happiness was seen in a synergistic relationship and was associated with many other variables related to various domains in the social system. The sample consisted of 1,004 older adults aged 60 and above, who participated in the First Abu Dhabi General Social Survey administered in 2018. Many subjective well-being variables were considered. Path analysis was used to develop a model that incorporated the five following variables directly affecting the happiness of older adults: housing satisfaction, satisfaction with family life, satisfaction with friendships, life satisfaction, satisfaction with surrounding environment, and some psychological feelings. The study highlighted all direct and indirect associations. Further analysis of variance revealed the associations of gender, marital status, and education attainment. Implications of the study were highlighted along with future research directions.

scholarly journals Precision Security: Integrating Video Surveillance with Surrounding Environment Changes

Complexity ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfeng Wang ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Guiwei Zhang ◽  
Jing Qian ◽  
Peng Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Video Surveillance ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Environment Changes ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Video Recognition ◽  
Cognition Model

Video surveillance plays a vital role in maintaining the social security although, until now, large uncertainty still exists in danger understanding and recognition, which can be partly attributed to intractable environment changes in the backgrounds. This article presents a brain-inspired computing of attention value of surrounding environment changes (EC) with a processes-based cognition model by introducing a ratio valueλof EC-implications within considered periods. Theoretical models for computation of warning level of EC-implications to the universal video recognition efficiency (quantified as time cost of implication-ratio variations fromλktoλk+1,k=1,2,…) are further established. Imbedding proposed models into the online algorithms is suggested as a future research priority towards precision security for critical applications and, furthermore, schemes for a practical implementation of such integration are also preliminarily discussed.

Theoretical Perspectives to Studying the Development of Relational Aggression

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Godleski
Keyword(s):  
Attachment Theory ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Social Information Processing ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social

Theoretical models for the development of relational aggression are reviewed, and the evidence in support of these models is briefly discussed. The central goal is to provide an overview of theoretical perspectives on the development and maintenance of relational aggression. Theories reviewed include the social information processing (SIP) model of children’s social adjustment (Crick & Dodge, 1994) as well as other important theories, such as an evolutionary explanation of relational aggression, attachment theory, and peer influences. The limitations of our theoretical understanding of relational aggression as well as the ways in which these models may inform future research in the field are discussed.

scholarly journals I am happy for us: Neural processing of vicarious joy when winning for parents versus strangers

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1309-1322
Author(s):  
Philip Brandner ◽  
Berna Güroğlu ◽  
Eveline A. Crone
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Neural Activation ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Emotional Closeness ◽  
Neural Processes

AbstractThis study investigated the neural processes underlying vicarious joy and their dependence on emotional closeness. Prior studies revealed that the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) is a target brain region for processing rewards for self, but the neural mechanisms of processing rewards for others are not yet well understood. A functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) paradigm was employed in young adults (N = 30), in combination with a self-report questionnaire on the perceived emotional closeness to the target. We examined the neural correlates of vicarious rewards when winning money for oneself or one of three other targets. To examine family relationships, two of the targets were the mother and father of the participants, and the third target was an unknown stranger. We found an increase in activation in the NAcc when playing for family members compared with a stranger. We further observed a difference in neural activation when winning for the father compared with the mother in an extended network involving the medial prefrontal cortex and precuneus, brain regions involved in mentalizing. These findings were not related to reports of emotional closeness. This new paradigm has considerable value for future research into the fundamental neural processes underlying empathy and vicarious joy.

A Review of Advances in Social Sciences and their Application for Research in Suicidal Behavior

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S49-S49
Author(s):  
J. Lopez Castroman
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
Competing Interest

Suicidal behavior and its prevention constitute a major public health issue, and the moderating effect of sociodemographic factors has been studied for more than a century. In the last years it has become evident that the relationship between social factors and suicidal behavior is complex and highly dependent on the context. For instance, minorities suffering marginalization, such as the Inuit in Canada or the aborigines in Australia, present high rates of suicide. However, other minorities, such as immigrants arriving to tightened communities, can be protected from suicide compared to the social majority. Other contradictory effects have been reported concerning income per capita and the evolution of the economy. Unfortunately, the interplay of social factors in suicidal behavior and the social consequences of suicide attempts are rarely represented in theoretical models of suicidal behavior, despite their importance to adapt suicide prevention policies to social groups at risk. In this presentation, recent advances and new and integrative avenues for future research in the social aspects of suicidal behavior will be summarized.Disclosure of interestThe author declares that he has no competing interest.

Social Cognition in Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Ronja Weiblen ◽  
Melanie Jonas ◽  
Sören Krach ◽  
Ulrike M. Krämer
Keyword(s):  
Tourette Syndrome ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Mirror Neuron System ◽  
Mirror Neuron ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Neural Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decision Making System ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
Work Done

Abstract. Research on the neural mechanisms underlying Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) has mostly concentrated on abnormalities in basal ganglia circuits. Recent alternative accounts, however, focused more on social and affective aspects. Individuals with GTS show peculiarities in their social and affective domain, including echophenomena, coprolalia, and nonobscene socially inappropriate behavior. This article reviews the experimental and theoretical work done on the social symptoms of GTS. We discuss the role of different social cognitive and affective functions and associated brain networks, namely, the social-decision-making system, theory-of-mind functions, and the so-called “mirror-neuron” system. Although GTS affects social interactions in many ways, and although the syndrome includes aberrant social behavior, the underlying cognitive, affective, and neural processes remain to be investigated.

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