Loneliness Level and Its Associated Factors in Patients With Hemodialysis

Verify the level of loneliness and its relationship with socioeconomic and health conditions, social support, family functionality, and depressive symptoms in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Analysis of secondary data, with a primary cross-sectional investigation, correlational with a quantitative approach, carried out in 2019, with 80 patients with CKD on hemodialysis. Applied instruments: socio-demographic, economic, and health condition characterization, UCLA Loneliness Scale, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire9, and the Family APGAR. Showed female prevalence (55%), white ethnicity (65%), and mean age 59.63 years. In the perception of loneliness, the highest index was (55%), moderately high. Social support scored worst in the Positive Social Interaction domain, mean 74.31. In depression, showed prevalence of severe depression (28.7%). Family functioning showed good score (68.8%). There was a weak negative correlation between loneliness and all domains of Social Support, besides Family Functioning.

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Prevalence of Depression and Its’ Risk Factors among Higher Secondary School Students

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i44a32589 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 52-58

Author(s):

Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani ◽

Premalatha Paulsamy ◽

Selvarani Panneerselvam ◽

Zainah Alshahrani ◽

H. Z. Alshahrani Fahad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Secondary School ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Students ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Health

As adolescence is a transitional stage in which a person's physical and psychological development and transformation are limited to the time between puberty and legal adulthood. It is commonly associated with the onset of a variety of mental health or adjustment problems. This study was to find out the incidence of depression and the factors that contribute to it among higher secondary school students. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 adolescents who were selected by simple random sampling technique. The socio-demographic information, Perceived Social Support scale and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) were adopted to collect the data. Descriptive and Inferential statistics was used to analyse the collected data. In this study, 52% of the adolescents did not have depression, whereas 18% had moderate, 8% had moderate to severe depression and 2% of them had severe depression. Nearly 68% of students had a higher social support perception. The type of family and living status of parents had significant relationship with the level of depression among adolescents at p = 0.01. The study concludes that depression and mental distress among these adolescents may be alleviated by boosting their perceived degree of social support and self-esteem through a variety of methods such as family support, counselling at schools and workshops on self – management skills etc.

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Association of severity of depressive symptoms with sleep quality, social support and stress among Pakistani medical and dental students: A cross-sectional study

Global Psychiatry ◽

10.2478/gp-2019-0019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 211-220

Author(s):

Ahmed Waqas ◽

Aqsa Iftikhar ◽

Zahra Malik ◽

Kapil Kiran Aedma ◽

Hafsa Meraj ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Medical Students ◽

Sleep Quality ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Dental Students ◽

Poor Sleep ◽

Poor Sleep Quality ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical And Dental Students

AbstractObjectivesThis study has been designed to elucidate the prevalence of stress, depression and poor sleep among medical students in a Pakistani medical school. There is a paucity of data on social support among medical students in Pakistan; an important predictor of depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study was also aimed to demonstrate the direct and indirect impact of social support in alleviating depressive symptoms in the study sample.MethodsThis observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore, Pakistan, where a total of 400 students at a medical school were approached between 1st January to 31st March 2018 to participate in the study. The study sample comprised of medical and dental students enrolled at a privately financed Pakistani medical and dental school. The participants responded to a self-administered survey comprising of five parts: a) demographics, b) Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), c) Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), d) Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and e) Perceived Stress Scale-4 (PSS-4). All data were analysed using SPSS v. 20. Linear regression analysis was used to reveal the predictors of depression.ResultsIn total, 353 medical students participated, yielding a response rate of 88.25%. Overall, poor sleep quality was experienced by 205 (58.1%) students. Mild to severe depression was reported by 83% of the respondents: mild depression by 104 (29.5%), moderate depression by 104 (29.5%), moderately severe depression by 54 (15.3%) and severe depression by 31 (8.8%) respondents. Subjective sleep quality, sleep latency, daytime dysfunction and stress levels were significantly associated with depression symptoms. Social support was not significantly associated with depressive symptoms in the regression model (Beta = -0.08, P < 0.09); however, it acted as a significant mediator, reducing the strength of the relationship between depressive symptoms and sleep quality and stress.ConclusionsAccording to our study, a large proportion of healthcare (medical and dental) students were found to be suffering from mild to moderate depression and experienced poor sleep quality. It is concluded that social support is an important variable in predicting depressive symptomatology by ameliorating the effects of poor sleep quality and high stress levels.

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AB1192 THE UNDERWORLD OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES: OVERLOOKED, UNRECOGNIZED OR UNPERCEIVED?

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases ◽

10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1998 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 1886.2-1887

Author(s):

F. Ingegnoli ◽

T. Schioppo ◽

T. Ubiali ◽

V. Bollati ◽

S. Ostuzzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Rheumatic Diseases ◽

Real Life ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Online Study ◽

Social Burden ◽

Patient Health ◽

The University

Background:The concomitant presence of depressive symptoms and rheumatic diseases (RDs) impose a considerable economic and social burden on the communities as they are associated with numerous deleterious outcomes such as increased mortality, work disability, higher disease activity and worsening physical function, higher pain levels and fatigue. Despite growing interest on depressive symptoms burden in RDs, current patient perception on this topic is unknown.Objectives:Italian patients with RDs were invited to participate in an online study gauging the presence and the perception of depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).Methods:This was a cross-sectional no-profit online study to screen the presence and the perception of depressive symptoms in RDs patients. All participants gave their consent to complete the PHQ-9 and they were not remunerated. Completion was voluntary and anonymous. The PHQ-9 rates the frequency of symptoms over the past 2 weeks on a 0-3 Likert-type scale. It contains the following items: anhedonia, depressed mood, trouble sleeping, feeling tired, change inappetite, guilt or worthlessness, trouble concentrating, feeling slowed down or restless, and suicidal thoughts. Patients were stratified as: <4 not depressed, 5-9 sub-clinical or mild depression, 10-14 moderate depression, 15-19 moderately severe depression and 20-27 severe depression. The survey was disseminated by ALOMAR (Lombard Association for Rheumatic Diseases) between June and October 2019.Results:192 patients took part in the study: 170 female with median age 50 years. Among respondents only 35 (18.2%) were not depressed. Depression was sub-clinical or mild in 68 (35.4%), moderate in 42 (21.9%), moderately severe in 30 (15.6%), and severe in 17 (8.9%). 16 (8.3%) of respondents declared to have depressive symptoms and 7 of 16 were under psychiatric therapy.Moreover, patients were grouped according to diagnosis.124 respondents had inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis). 23 (18.5%) were not depressed. Depression was sub-clinical or mild in 41 (33%), moderate in 26 (21%), moderately severe in 21 (17%), and severe in 13 (10.5%). Among them, 8 (6.5%) declared to have depressive symptoms depressed and 3 of 8 were under psychiatric therapy.49 respondents had a connective tissue disease or vasculitis. 11 (22.5%) were not depressed. Depression was sub-clinical or mild in 19 (38.8%), moderate in 13 (26.5%), moderately severe in 2 (4%), and severe in 4 (8.2%). Among them, 3 (6%) declared to have depressive symptoms and 1 of 6 were under psychiatric therapy.19 respondents had other rheumatic diseases. 1 (5.3%) was not depressed. Depression was sub-clinical or mild in 8 (42.1%), moderate in 3 (15.8%), moderately severe in 7 (36.8%). Among them, 5 (26.3%) declared to be depressed and 3 of 5 were under psychiatric therapy.Conclusion:Our study confirmed that the overall real-life burden of depressive symptoms is relevant in all RDs. At the same time, these results highlighted that depressive symptoms are overlook by physicians and unperceived by patients since fewer that half of respondents (46.4%) had a clinical depression (PHQ-9>10). These results suggested that screening for depression should form part of the routine clinical assessment of RD patients.Acknowledgments:We thank the Lombard Association of Rheumatic Diseases (ALOMAR) for its contribution to design and disseminate the survey, the group that sustain systemic sclerosis (GILS), and the IT service of the University of Milan.Disclosure of Interests:Francesca Ingegnoli: None declared, Tommaso Schioppo: None declared, Tania Ubiali: None declared, Valentina Bollati: None declared, Silvia Ostuzzi: None declared, Massimiliano Buoli: None declared, Roberto Caporali Consultant of: AbbVie; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Lilly; Merck Sharp & Dohme; Celgene; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Pfizer; UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Celgene; Lilly; Gilead Sciences, Inc; MSD; Pfizer; Roche; UCB

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Associations of Family Functioning and Social Support With Psychopathology in Children of Mentally Ill Parents: Multilevel Analyses From Different Rating Perspectives

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.705400 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Marlit Sell ◽

Claus Barkmann ◽

Bonnie Adema ◽

Anne Daubmann ◽

Reinhold Kilian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Family Functioning ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Externalizing Problems ◽

Child Psychopathology ◽

Multilevel Analyses ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing Problems ◽

Internalizing And Externalizing ◽

Mentally Ill Parents

Offspring of mentally ill parents is at heightened risk for psychological symptoms. The identification of environmental factors that predict their mental health is crucial for the development of preventive and therapeutic measures. In the current study, we addressed the combined role of family functioning and social support by taking mentally ill patients’, their partners’, and children’s perspectives into account. The cross-sectional sample included n=195 families (195 patients, 127 partners, and 295 children). Family members completed questionnaires related to family functioning, social support as well as parental and child psychopathology. We conducted multilevel analyses to investigate the associations with internalizing and externalizing problems in children. Family functioning and social support were significantly associated with child internalizing and externalizing problems. However, results varied depending on the rating perspective. We found significant interaction effects of family functioning and social support on child psychopathology. The findings point to the importance of family functioning and social support as potential targets for interventions. Findings should be replicated in future longitudinal studies.

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The prevalence of smartphone addiction and its correlation with depression among higher college of technology students, Oman

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20201937 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1833

Author(s):

Adil M. AL Mahrooqi ◽

Talal A. AL Agbari ◽

Asma S. AL Shidhani

Keyword(s):

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Score ◽

Smartphone Addiction ◽

Short Version ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Technology Students ◽

College Of Technology ◽

Patient Health

Background: The aim of this study is to identify the prevalence of smartphone addiction and its correlation with depression among Higher College of Technology students in Oman.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Higher College of Technology, Oman. A self-reported questionnaire was distributed electronically to students between January and February 2017. The questionnaire contained a validated short version of the smartphone addiction scale (SAS-SV) and a validated Arabic version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), along with a single question to self-assess smartphone addiction.Results: With a response rate of 86.2%, a total of 376 students were considered, of whom 34.6% were males and 65.4% were females, with an overall mean age of 20.9 years. This study showed that the prevalence of smartphone addiction in the study population using the SAS-SV was 63.8%; 88.3% of students were using their smartphones for four hours or more per day and 80% had been using smartphones for more than four years. The overall depression rate was 32.2%. As the total depression score increased by 1 point, the smartphone addiction score increased by 0.428 points (p<0.005). The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 54.9% among those who had no depression, 80.3% among those who had mild depression, 75.9% among those who had moderate depression, and 96.2% among those who have severe depression (p<0.005).Conclusions: This study shows high smartphone addiction levels based on SAS-SV scores and found a significant positive correlation between smartphone addiction score and depression scores.

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Predictors, help-seeking behaviour and treatment coverage for depression in adults in Sehore district, India

BJPsych Open ◽

10.1192/bjpo.bp.116.004648 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (5) ◽

pp. 212-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Rahul Shidhaye ◽

Tanica Lyngdoh ◽

Vaibhav Murhar ◽

Sandesh Samudre ◽

Thomas Krafft

Keyword(s):

Help Seeking ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Population Based ◽

Madhya Pradesh ◽

Point Prevalence ◽

Treatment Gap ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Health ◽

Log Linear

BackgroundNational Mental Health Survey found that in India, the point prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) was 2.7% and the treatment gap was 85.2%, whereas in Madhya Pradesh the point prevalence of MDD was 1.4% and the treatment gap was 80%.AimsTo describe the baseline prevalence of depression among adults, association of various demographic and socioeconomic variables with depression and estimation of contact coverage for the same.MethodPopulation-based cross-sectional survey of 3220 adults in Sehore district of Madhya Pradesh, India. The outcome of interest was a probable diagnosis of depression that was measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the proportion of individuals with depression (PHQ-9>9) who sought care for the same. The data were analysed using simple and multiple log-linear regression.ResultsLow educational attainment, unemployment and indebtedness were associated with both moderate/severe depression (PHQ-9 score >9) and severe depression only (PHQ-9 score >14), whereas age, caste and marital status were associated with only moderate or severe depression. Religion, type of house, land ownership and amount of loan taken were not associated with either moderate/severe or only severe depression. The contact coverage for moderate/severe depression was 13.08% (95% CI 10.2–16.63).ConclusionsThere is an urgent need to bridge the treatment gap by targeting individuals with social vulnerabilities and integrating evidence-based interventions in primary care.

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The burnout's prevalence among Tunisian military consultants in psychiatry

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.332 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. S406-S406

Author(s):

H. Belhadj ◽

W. Krir ◽

C. Bencheikh ◽

H. Elkefi ◽

A. Oumaya

Keyword(s):

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Burnout Syndrome ◽

Short Version ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Verbal Aggressiveness ◽

Patient Health ◽

Human Cost ◽

Competing Interest ◽

Military Patients

IntroductionBurnout causes a considerable human cost. Army employees are, in fact, particularly exposed to this risk.ObjectiveTo determinate the prevalence of burnout syndrome among military consultants in psychiatry and to study its socio-familial repercussions.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted in a military outpatient clinic in Tunis and included 30 military patients with a seniority of more than 15 years. Burnout and major depression were assessed with the instrument Burnout Measure Short version (BMS-10) and the Patient Health Questionnaire “PHQ-9”, respectively.ResultsEighty percent of participants (n = 24) had a very high degree of burnout exposure according to BMS-10. Twenty of these (83.3%) had a moderate to severe depression. All married patients (n = 22) having burnout syndrome reported a conjugopathy and a tendency to physical and verbal aggressiveness against their children.ConclusionMilitary employees are particularly vulnerable to burnout. Detecting burnout in time is therefore essential in order to prevent its undeniable socio-familial repercussions.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Depression and its determinants among adolescents in Jimma town, Southwest Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0250927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0250927

Author(s):

Shimelis Girma ◽

Mekonnen Tsehay ◽

Almaz Mamaru ◽

Mubarek Abera

Keyword(s):

Social Support ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Severe Depression ◽

Adverse Childhood Experience ◽

Health Questionnaire ◽

Childhood Experience ◽

Southwest Ethiopia ◽

Adverse Childhood ◽

Patient Health ◽

Jimma Town

Objectives To determine the prevalence and socio-demographic and parental-related factors of depression among school adolescents in Jimma town, southwest Ethiopia. Methods Using a cross-sectional survey, 546 school adolescents were screened for depression using the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) from five randomly selected public and private schools. Oslo social support scale, adverse childhood experience tool, and socio-demographic questionnaire were used to gather data on risk factors. Linear regression analysis was used, and unstandardized beta (β) coefficients with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported to declare statistical significance. Results A total of 546 adolescents participated in the study, with a response rate of 97.3%. The mean (±SD) age of participants was 16.8 ± 1.3 years. The majority (81%) of the adolescents were attending day classes at public schools. The prevalence of depression was found to be 28% using the patient health questionnaire. Based on the PHQ-9 depression severity scale, 18.5% and 8.2% of the adolescent had moderate and moderate to severe depression while 1.3% had severe depression. In the final multivariate linear regression analysis, it was found that sex, rural residence, low social support, being in higher grade level, and adverse childhood experience were found to be independently associated with a higher score of depression. Conclusion One in three adolescents was found to have a depressive syndrome. We recommend schools to integrate school mental health service that contains routine screening and intervention services. Moreover, efforts are needed to sensitize and educate the communities on child protection, social support, and safeguarding to effectively tackle the magnitude of adolescent depression.

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Impact on Mental Health of students due to restriction caused by COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional study

10.1101/2021.02.07.21250695 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Amar Prashad Chaudhary ◽

Narayan Sah Sonar ◽

Jamuna TR ◽

Moumita Banerjee ◽

Shailesh Yadav

Keyword(s):

Severe Depression ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Depression Symptoms ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Depression And Anxiety ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Psychometric Scales ◽

Patient Health ◽

Behavioral Impact

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the study was to investigate fear, depression and anxiety symptoms among students of India due to COVID-19 pandemic and its restriction.MethodThe cross-sectional web-based research was conducted between mid-November and mid-December 2020 with the objective of understanding the psychological and behavioral consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic effect on students due to the constraint of forced control. The questionnaire included a) socio-demographic questions and b) psychometric scales evaluating the psychological and behavioral impact caused by COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions.ResultsTotal number of 324 students participated in this study in which 44.4% were male and 55.6% were female. Fear of COVID-19 scale showed 68.8% of students had high fear, 24.4% had moderate to severe depression and 51.5% had moderate to severe anxiety. The correlation of fear of COVID-19 scale (FCV-19s) with Generalized Anxiety scale (GAD-7) and brief patient health questionnaire scale (PHQ-9) was found to be 0.492 and 0.474 respectively.ConclusionThis research concludes that there is a very strong fear of COVID-19 among students, along with anxiety and depression symptoms. This study also concludes that the fear of the COVID-19 scale has strong positive correlation with the anxiety (GAD-7) and depression (PHQ-9) scales.

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Family functioning among adolescents with narcolepsy

Paediatrics & Child Health ◽

10.1093/pch/pxy192 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (8) ◽

pp. 490-494

Author(s):

Arpita Parmar ◽

Eluen Ann Yeh ◽

Daphne J Korczak ◽

Shelly K Weiss ◽

Zihang Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Family Functioning ◽

Family Relationships ◽

Medical Condition ◽

Secondary Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Published Data ◽

Family Impact ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Narcolepsy is a sleep disorder with no cure with onset typically during adolescence. Caring for an adolescent with a lifelong medical condition can negatively impact family structure, cohesion, relationships, and overall functioning. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate family functioning in a cohort of adolescents with narcolepsy using the PedsQL Family Impact Module. The secondary objective was to compare family functioning in adolescents with narcolepsy to adolescents with chronic pain based on published data. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of adolescents (aged 10 to 18 years) with narcolepsy. The narcolepsy group was recruited from The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada. Family functioning was assessed by the PedsQL family impact module total scores, which was completed by the patient’s caregiver. The PedsQL family impact module yields a total scale which encompasses parent health-related quality of life, daily activities, family relationships, communication, and worry subscales. Lower scores suggest poorer family functioning. Secondary data analyses were used to compare participants’ family functioning to a cohort of adolescents with chronic pain. Results Thirty adolescents with narcolepsy participated (mean age=13.8 ± 2.2 years, 76.7% male). Family functioning was impaired in this cohort of adolescents with narcolepsy and similar to adolescents with chronic pain (64.0 ± 19.8 versus 64.7 ± 19.5; P=0.849). Conclusion Family functioning is impaired in adolescents with narcolepsy. Clinical teams should assess family functioning at routine clinic visits by asking about concerns and challenges related to caring for an adolescent with narcolepsy and providing resources and support as needed.

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