Evaluation of Serum Sodium Correction Rates for Management of Hyponatremia in Hospitalized Patients

Background: Appropriate correction of hyponatremia can reduce complications such as osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS). Objective: To evaluate rates of serum sodium correction in hyponatremic hospitalized patients and identify factors associated with higher rates of overcorrection. Methods: This is an institutional review board–approved single-center, retrospective chart review of patients ≥18 years of age with at least 1 serum sodium <130 mEq/L during hospitalization. The primary end point was percentage of patients appropriately corrected for hyponatremia. Appropriate correction was defined as a sodium change ≤12 mEq/L over 24 hours and 18 mEq/L over 48 hours, and overcorrection was defined as an increase in serum sodium exceeding these cutoffs. Secondary end points included incidence of ODS, poor neurological outcome, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital lengths of stay (LOSs), and in-hospital mortality. Results: Of 234 patients evaluated, 100 were included. Mean age was 72 ± 16 years, and 47% were male. Overcorrection occurred in 14 patients. There was no incidence of ODS. Rates of poor neurological outcome ( P = 0.77), ICU ( P = 0.09) and hospital LOS ( P = 0.13), and in-hospital mortality ( P = 0.20) were similar between appropriately corrected and overcorrected patients. Using a logistic regression analysis, severe hyponatremia (serum sodium < 120 mEq/L; P = 0.0122) and history of alcohol use disorder ( P < 0.001) were risk factors found to be associated with overcorrection. Conclusion and Relevance: Overcorrection of hyponatremia occurred in 14% of patients in this study. To minimize this risk, further caution should be taken when managing patients presenting with identified risk factors.

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Acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients with COVID-19

10.21203/rs.3.rs-39131/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joana Gameiro ◽

José Agapito Fonseca ◽

João Oliveira ◽

Filipe Marques ◽

João Bernardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Acute Kidney Injury ◽

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Kidney Disease ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Single Center ◽

Transient Aki ◽

Worse Prognosis

Abstract Introduction: The incidence of AKI in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients ranges from 0.5 to 35% and has been associated with worse prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, severity, duration, risk factors and prognosis of AKI in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center analysis of 192 hospitalized COVID-19 patients from March to May of 2020. AKI was diagnosed using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcome (KDIGO) classification based on serum creatinine (SCr) criteria. Persistent and Transient AKI were defined according to the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) workgroup definitions.Results: In this cohort of COVID-19 patients, 55.2% developed AKI (n=106). The majority of AKI patients had persistent AKI (n=64, 60.4%). Overall, in-hospital mortality was 18.2% (n=35) and was higher in AKI patients (28.3% vs 5.9%, p<0.001, unadjusted OR 6.03 (2.22-16.37), p<0.001). On a multivariate analysis, older age (adjusted OR 1.08 (95% CI 1.02-1.13), p=0.004), lower Hb level (adjusted OR 0.69 (95% CI 0.53-0.91), p=0.007) and acidemia at presentation (adjusted OR 5.53 (95% CI 1.70-18.63), p=0.005), duration of AKI (adjusted OR 7.91 for persistent AKI (95% CI 2.39-26.21), p=0.001) and severity of AKI (adjusted OR 2.30 per increase in KDIGO stage (95% CI 1.10-4.82), p=0.027) were independent predictors of mortality.Conclusion: AKI was frequent in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Persistent AKI and higher severity of AKI were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.

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Abstract WMP100: Factors Influencing Outcome After Childhood Arterial Ischemic Stroke

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.47.suppl_1.wmp100 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Jay Gajera ◽

Belinda Stojanovski ◽

Mark T Mackay

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Neurological Outcome ◽

Recurrent Events ◽

Visual Disturbance ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Arterial Ischemic Stroke ◽

Common Data Element ◽

Motor Disability ◽

Poor Outcome ◽

Poor Neurological Outcome

Introduction: Stroke is among the top 10 causes of death in children. Survivors face many potential years of disability but few studies have explored factors which contribute to poor outcome. Our aims were to describe factors associated with mortality, neurological disability and recurrence in a population of Australian children with arterial ischaemic stroke (AIS). Methods: Prospective consecutive single centre cohort study of children 1 month-18 years with AIS, from 2003-2013, who underwent standardised diagnostic work up. The NINDS common data element framework was used to select risk factors, laboratory and radiological variables of interest. The Paediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (PSOM) was used to classify neurological outcome at 12 months and the CASCADE system was used to classify aetiology. Recurrence was defined as clinical (completed stroke/TIA) or radiological event with new infarction. Chi 2 analyses were used to identify risk factors for poor outcome. Results: A total of 126 cases of childhood AIS were identified. 6% of children died, 27% had recurrent events (21 clinical, 5 radiological strokes, 9 TIAs). 63% of children had poor neurological outcome (total PSOM≥2) with motor disability (53%) being most common. Male gender, prothrombotic disorders and cortical infarct location were significantly associated with mortality (P<0.05). Hemiparesis, facial weakness, visual disturbance or altered consciousness at presentation, non-atherosclerotic arteriopathies and infection were significantly associated with poorer neurological outcome (p<0.05). Arteriopathies, multiple infarcts and haemorrhagic transformation were associated with recurrence (p<0.05). Conclusion: The economic and social costs of childhood AIS are likely substantial because long term neurological deficits are common. The finding that arteriopathies are a risk factor for recurrence is consistent with data from overseas. These findings will inform development of longitudinal multicentre Australian studies of childhood AIS.

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Outcomes of patients with systolic heart failure presenting with sepsis to the emergency department of a tertiary hospital: a retrospective chart review study from Lebanon

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022185 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. e022185 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gilbert Abou Dagher ◽

Karim Hajjar ◽

Christopher Khoury ◽

Nadine El Hajj ◽

Mohammad Kanso ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Emergency Department ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Systolic Heart Failure ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Electronic System ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Lengths Of Stay ◽

Secondary Outcomes

ObjectivesPatients with congestive heart failure (CHF) may be at a higher risk of mortality from sepsis than patients without CHF due to insufficient cardiovascular reserves during systemic infections. The aim of this study is to compare sepsis-related mortality between CHF and no CHF in patients presenting to a tertiary medical centre.DesignA single-centre, retrospective, cohort study.SettingConducted in an academic emergency department (ED) between January 2010 and January 2015. Patients’ charts were queried via the hospital’s electronic system. Patients with a diagnosis of sepsis were included. Descriptive analysis was performed on the demographics, characteristics and outcomes of patients with sepsis of the study population.ParticipantsA total of 174 patients, of which 87 (50%) were patients with CHF.Primary and secondary outcomesThe primary outcome of the study was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital lengths of stay, and differences in interventions between the two groups.ResultsPatients with CHF had a higher in-hospital mortality (57.5% vs 34.5%). Patients with sepsis and CHF had higher odds of death compared with the control population (OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.22 to 4.88). Secondary analyses showed that patients with CHF had lower instances of bacteraemia on presentation to the ED (31.8% vs 46.4%). They had less intravenous fluid requirements in first 24 hours (2.75±2.28 L vs 3.67±2.82 L, p =0.038), had a higher rate of intubation in the ED (24.2% vs 10.6%, p=0.025) and required more dobutamine in the first 24 hours (16.1% vs 1.1%, p<0.001). ED length of stay was found to be lower in patients with CHF (15.12±24.45 hours vs 18.17±26.13 hours, p=0.418) and they were more likely to be admitted to the ICU (59.8% vs 48.8%, p=0.149).ConclusionPatients with sepsis and CHF experienced an increased hospital mortality compared with patients without CHF.

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Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome Following Correction of Hyponatremia by ≤10 mEq/L per day

Kidney360 ◽

10.34067/kid.0004402021 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 10.34067/KID.0004402021

Author(s):

Srijan Tandukar ◽

Richard H. Sterns ◽

Helbert Rondon-Berrios

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Serum Sodium ◽

Alcohol Use Disorder ◽

Neurological Deficits ◽

Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome ◽

European Guidelines ◽

Osmotic Demyelination ◽

Chronic Hyponatremia ◽

The Mean ◽

Sodium Correction

Background: Overly rapid correction of chronic hyponatremia may lead to osmotic demyelination syndrome. European guidelines recommend a correction to ≤10 mEq/L in 24 hours to prevent this complication. However, osmotic demyelination syndrome may occur despite adherence to these guidelines. Methods: We searched the literature for reports of osmotic demyelination syndrome with rates of correction of hyponatremia <10 mEq/L in 24 hours. The reports were reviewed to identify specific risk factors for this complication. Results: We identified 19 publications with a total of 21 patients that were included in our analysis. The mean age was 52 years of which 67% were male. All of the patients had community acquired chronic hyponatremia. Twelve patients had an initial serum sodium <115 mEq/L, of which seven had an initial serum sodium ≤105 mEq/L. Other risk factors identified included alcohol use disorder (n=11), hypokalemia (n=5), liver disease (n=6), and malnutrition (n=11). The maximum rate of correction in patients with serum sodium <115 mEq/L was at least 8 mEq/L in all but 1 patient. In contrast, correction was <8 mEq/L in all but 2 patients with serum sodium >115 mEq/L. Among the latter group, osmotic demyelination syndrome developed before hospital admission or was unrelated to hyponatremia overcorrection. Four patients died (19%), 5 had full recovery (24%) and 9 (42%) had varying degrees of residual neurological deficits. Conclusions: Osmotic demyelination syndrome can occur in patients with chronic hyponatremia with a serum sodium <115 mEq/L despite rates of serum sodium correction <10 mEq/L in 24 hours. In patients with severe hyponatremia and high risk features, especially those with serum sodium <115 mEq/L, we recommend limiting serum sodium correction to <8 mEq/L. Thiamine supplementation is advisable for any hyponatremic patient whose dietary intake has been poor.

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366. Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Fungal Infections

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.561 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S253-S253

Author(s):

Erica Herc ◽

Nicholas F Yared ◽

Adam Kudirka ◽

Geehan Suleyman

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Average Length ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Central Line ◽

Source Control

Abstract Background There is concern that patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are at risk of developing secondary bacterial and fungal infections; however, data on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with fungal infections are limited. We evaluated the risk factors and mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with fungal infections. Methods This was a retrospective chart review of 51 patients with fungal infections at an 877-bed teaching hospital in Detroit, Michigan from March through May 2020. Demographic data, comorbidities, complications, treatment, and outcomes, including relapse, readmission and mortality were collected. We performed a descriptive analysis. Results A total of 51 patients with fungal infections were included, in which 31 (60.8%) had confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. Of the COVID-19 patients, the average age was 66 years and the majority (54.9%) were female. The average length of stay (LOS) was 29.3 days. Aspergillus sp. (2 A. fumigatus, 1 A. niger) were isolated in 3 (10%) patients while 23 (74.2%) had candidemia diagnosed via blood culture or T2Candida® Panel. One had a positive serum galactomannan. The average time from admission to diagnosis was 13 days. Significant comorbidities included hypertension (74%), diabetes (51.6%), coronary artery disease (25.8%), congestive heart failure (32.2%), chronic kidney disease (22.6%), and malignancy (16.1%). Most patients received steroids (83.9%) and broad-spectrum antibiotics (80.6%), had a central line (80.6%), and required intensive care unit management (90%). Only 71% were treated with antifungals. One patient with candidemia relapsed due to poor source control; two were readmitted within 30 days. In-hospital mortality rate was 51.6% among COVID-19 patients. Conclusion COVID-19 patients with fungal infections had multiple comorbidities, prolonged hospitalization and predisposing risk factors for fungal infections with a high in-hospital mortality rate. Prevention of fungal infections in COVID-19 patients is paramount. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) predicts short- and long-term mortality and poor neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) ◽

10.1515/cclm-2020-0159 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Seraina R. Hochstrasser ◽

Kerstin Metzger ◽

Alessia M. Vincent ◽

Christoph Becker ◽

Annalena K. J. Keller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Neurological Outcome ◽

Cerebral Performance Category ◽

Nutritional Interventions ◽

Poor Neurological Outcome ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Hospital Cardiac Arrest

AbstractObjectivesPrior research found the gut microbiota-dependent and pro-atherogenic molecule trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) to be associated with cardiovascular events as well as all-cause mortality in different patient populations with cardiovascular disease. Our aim was to investigate the prognostic value of TMAO regarding clinical outcomes in patients after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA).MethodsWe included consecutive OHCA patients upon intensive care unit admission into this prospective observational study between October 2012 and May 2016. We studied associations of admission serum TMAO with in-hospital mortality (primary endpoint), 90-day mortality and neurological outcome defined by the Cerebral Performance Category (CPC) scale.ResultsWe included 258 OHCA patients of which 44.6% died during hospitalization. Hospital non-survivors showed significantly higher admission TMAO levels (μmol L−1) compared to hospital survivors (median interquartile range (IQR) 13.2 (6.6–34.9) vs. 6.4 (2.9–15.9), p<0.001). After multivariate adjustment for other prognostic factors, TMAO levels were significantly associated with in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratios (OR) 2.1, 95%CI 1.1–4.2, p=0.026). Results for secondary outcomes were similar with significant associations with 90-day mortality and neurological outcome in univariate analyses.ConclusionsIn patients after OHCA, TMAO levels were independently associated with in-hospital mortality and other adverse clinical outcomes and may help to improve prognostication for these patients in the future. Whether TMAO levels can be influenced by nutritional interventions should be addressed in future studies.

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Natural History and Risk Factor of Recurrent Hemorrhage in Hemorrhagic Adult Moyamoya Disease

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1093/neuros/nyw179 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 289-296 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Kang Min Kim ◽

Jeong Eun Kim ◽

Won-Sang Cho ◽

Hyun-Seung Kang ◽

Young-Je Son ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Natural History ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Neurological Outcome ◽

Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽

Recurrent Hemorrhage ◽

Poor Neurological Outcome ◽

Adult Moyamoya Disease

Abstract BACKGROUND: Recurrent hemorrhage is a serious neurosurgical problem in adult moyamoya disease (MMD) patients. OBJECTIVE: To find the natural history and risk factors of recurrent hemorrhage in cases of adult hemorrhagic MMD. METHODS: One hundred seventy-six adult MMD patients presenting with hemorrhage were enrolled. Patients’ medical records and radiological images were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and radiological features of recurrent hemorrhage, and related risk factors were analyzed. Poor neurological outcome was defined as a score on the modified Rankin Scale of 4 to 6. The hemisphere in which the initial hemorrhage occurred was considered as the affected one. The mean follow-up duration was 83 months. RESULTS: The overall estimated rate of recurrent hemorrhage was 16.9%/person (95% confidence interval, 11.3%-24.8%) at 5 years and 26.3%/person (95% confidence interval, 18.5%-36.4%) at 10 years after the initial episode of hemorrhage. The affected hemisphere showed a higher recurrent hemorrhagic rate (11.7% vs 8.3%/hemisphere at 5 years, P = .09) after conservative treatment. As a result of recurrent hemorrhages, the number of patients with poor neurological outcome increased (first episode: 13.8%, second: 37.5%, third: 40.0%, fourth: 100%). The presence of intraventricular hemorrhage (P = .05, hazard ratio = 3.32) and bilateral MMD (P = .05, hazard ratio = 4.15) had a marginal significance for recurrent hemorrhage. Eight ischemic strokes (4.5%) including 4 postoperative infarctions were identified, and all ischemic strokes were minor stroke. CONCLUSION: During the follow-up period, recurrent hemorrhagic events continued to increase and deteriorated the patients’ neurological conditions. The presence of intraventricular hemorrhage was a significant risk factor of recurrent hemorrhage.

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287. Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients with Candidemia at a Community Hospital in Chicago

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab466.489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S249-S250

Author(s):

Oluwadamilola A Adeyemi ◽

Gregg Gonzaga ◽

Sean Cariño ◽

Steve B Kalish

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Retrospective Chart Review ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Fungal Treatment ◽

Average Hospital ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Nosocomial Candidemia ◽

Multiple Antibiotics

Abstract Background 1,416 patients with acute COVID-19 infection were admitted to our hospital in 2020. During that year we noticed an alarming increase in cases of nosocomial Candidemia: 26 versus an average of 2.8 cases per year over the previous 5 years. 19 of the 26 episodes (73%) of Candidemia occurred in patients who were admitted with acute COVID-19 infection. Recent reports suggest that hospitalized patients with COVID-19 are at increased risk for developing Candidemia, however their clinical characteristics, risk factors and outcomes have not been well described. We evaluated the risk factors and mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients with Candidemia. Methods We performed a retrospective chart review of 19 patients with Candidemia and confirmed COVID-19 infection at a 292-bed community teaching hospital in Chicago, Illinois from January through December 2020. We report a descriptive analysis of the demographic characteristics, comorbidities, complications, and outcomes of these patients. Results The average age of our study population was 65 years; 68% were male. The average hospital length of stay (LOS) was 34 days. The mean time from admission to the development of Candidemia was 16 days. Associated co-morbidities included cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in 79%, diabetes mellitus (DM), in 68%, and obesity in 50%. Underlying kidney disease was present in 10%. Treatments for COVID-19 included convalescent plasma (53%), remdesivir (53%), steroids (52%) and tocilizumab (19%). All patients were managed in the intensive care unit (ICU) and 95% required multiple central line (CL) placements. Most of the patients (58%) required hemodialysis (HD); all patients were treated with multiple antibiotics. The average LOS in the ICU was 25 days. Despite anti-fungal treatment, 68% expired. The 28-day mortality was 50%. Conclusion The occurrence of Candidemia in our hospitalized patients with acute COVID-19 infection was associated with a history of CVD, DM, obesity, prolonged hospital LOS, requirement for multiple CL, HD, treatment with multiple antibiotics and a long stay in the ICU. The mortality of COVID-19 patients with Candidemia is high. The development of strategies to mitigate the occurrence of nosocomial Candidemia in this population of patients is urgently needed. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Serum Sodium, Patient Symptoms, and Clinical Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19

Journal of Primary Care & Community Health ◽

10.1177/21501319211067349 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 215013192110673

Author(s):

Timothy E. Yen ◽

Andy Kim ◽

Maura E. Benson ◽

Saee Ratnaparkhi ◽

Ann E. Woolley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Prospective Cohort Study ◽

Serum Sodium ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Lower Odds ◽

Icu Admission ◽

Gi Symptoms ◽

Patient Reported

Introduction: Disorders of serum sodium (SNa) are common in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and may reflect underlying disease severity. However, the association of SNa with patient-reported outcomes is not clear. Methods: The Brigham and Women’s Hospital COVID-19 Registry is a prospective cohort study of consecutively admitted adult patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 809). We examined the associations of SNa (continuous and tertiles) on admission with: (1) patient symptoms obtained from detailed chart review; and (2) in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and intensive care unit (ICU) admission using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models. Covariates included demographic data and comorbidities. Results: Mean age was 60 years, 48% were male, and 35% had diabetes. The most frequent symptoms were cough (64%), fever (60%), and shortness of breath (56%). In adjusted models, higher SNa (per mmol/L) was associated with lower odds of GI symptoms (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.92-0.99), higher odds of confusion (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.04-1.13), in-hospital mortality (OR 1.06; 95% CI 1.02-1.11), and ICU admission (OR 1.09; 95% CI 1.05-1.13). The highest sodium tertile (compared with the middle tertile) showed similar associations, in addition to lower odds of either anosmia or ageusia (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.12-0.74). Conclusion: In this prospective cohort study of hospitalized patients with COVID-19, hypernatremia was associated with higher odds of confusion and in-hospital mortality. These findings may aid providers in identifying high-risk patients who warrant closer attention, thereby furthering patient-centered approaches to care.

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Risk Factors of In-Hospital Mortality in Non-Specialized Tertiary Center Repurposed for Medical Care to COVID-19 Patients in Russia

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11091687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 1687

Author(s):

Anton Kondakov ◽

Alexander Berdalin ◽

Vladimir Lelyuk ◽

Ilya Gubskiy ◽

Denis Golovin

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Hospital Mortality ◽

Medical Care ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Older Age ◽

Cerebrovascular Event ◽

Emergency Setting ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Risk Of Death ◽

Tertiary Center

The purpose of our study is to investigate the risk factors of in-hospital mortality among patients who were admitted in an emergency setting to a non-specialized tertiary center during the first peak of coronavirus disease in Moscow in 2020. The Federal Center of Brain and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia was repurposed for medical care for COVID-19 patients from 6th of April to 16th of June 2020 and admitted the patients who were transported by an ambulance with severe disease. In our study, we analyzed the data of 635 hospitalized patients aged 59.1 ± 15.1 years. The data included epidemiologic and demographic characteristics, laboratory, echocardiographic and radiographic findings, comorbidities, and complications of the COVID-19, developed during the hospital stay. Results of our study support previous reports that risk factors of mortality among hospitalized patients are older age, male gender (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.03–3.52), previous myocardial infarction (OR 3.15, 95% CI 1.47–6.73), previous acute cerebrovascular event (stroke, OR = 3.78, 95% CI 1.44–9.92), known oncological disease (ОR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.39–8.26), and alcohol abuse (ОR 6.98, 95% CI 1.62–30.13). According to the data collected, high body mass index and smoking did not influence the clinical outcome. Arterial hypertension was found to be protective against in-hospital mortality in patients with coronavirus pneumonia in the older age group. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio showed a significant increase in those patients who died during the hospitalization, and the borderline was found to be 2.5. CT pattern of “crazy paving” was more prevalent in those patients who died since their first CT scan, and it was a 4-fold increase in the risk of death in case of aortic and coronal calcinosis (4.22, 95% CI 2.13–8.40). Results largely support data from other studies and emphasize that some factors play a major role in patients’ stratification and medical care provided to them.

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