Using Existing Anthropometric Data to Design Industrial Workplaces

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-168
Author(s):  
Paul C. Champney
Keyword(s):  
Functional Data ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Military ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Percent Female ◽  
Adequate Data

Designing industrial workplaces is hampered by the lack of data that describe the potential workforce. The civilian data base is not adequate because it is small, is taken on specific populations, and is not stratified to reveal ethnic and regional differences. Military data are often used as an alternative, but these data also have shortcomings. Among these are the truncation of extremes, a paucity of functional data and the fact that the data are often taken for special purposes. Since Eastman Kodak remains committed to a policy of providing safe workplaces that accommodate females, males, and the various ethnic groups, the lack of adequate data is acute. To fill the need for data, it has been necessary to statistically combine the military data into a single population that is theoretically 50 percent female and 50 percent male. This has been done for forty measurements using the mean standard deviation, and the number of individuals measured. Data on this mixed population are being used to design and redesign workplaces, equipment and product at Eastman Kodak Company. The problems encountered using existing anthropometric data to design a comfortable standing workplace are only one example of what trade-offs must be made and where further data are needed.

scholarly journals Basis Expansions for Functional Snippets

Biometrika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Lin ◽  
Jane-Ling Wang ◽  
Qixian Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Convergence Rate ◽  
Functional Data Analysis ◽  
Functional Data ◽  
Covariance Function ◽  
Covariance Estimation ◽  
Simulation Studies ◽  
Finite Sample ◽  
Covariance Functions ◽  
The Mean

Summary Estimation of mean and covariance functions is fundamental for functional data analysis. While this topic has been studied extensively in the literature, a key assumption is that there are enough data in the domain of interest to estimate both the mean and covariance functions. In this paper, we investigate mean and covariance estimation for functional snippets in which observations from a subject are available only in an interval of length strictly (and often much) shorter than the length of the whole interval of interest. For such a sampling plan, no data is available for direct estimation of the off-diagonal region of the covariance function. We tackle this challenge via a basis representation of the covariance function. The proposed estimator enjoys a convergence rate that is adaptive to the smoothness of the underlying covariance function, and has superior finite-sample performance in simulation studies.

Computing trade-offs in robust design: Perspectives of the mean squared error

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangmun Shin ◽  
Funda Samanlioglu ◽  
Byung Rae Cho ◽  
Margaret M. Wiecek
Keyword(s):  
Robust Design ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Squared Error ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Mean

scholarly journals Electron microscopy of synthetic myosin filaments. Evidence for cross-bridge. Flexibility and copolymer formation.

1975 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T D Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Length Frequency ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Myosin ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Myosin Filaments ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Muscle Myosin

Electron micrographs of negatively stained synthetic myosin filaments reveal that surface projections, believed to be the heads of the constituent myosin molecules, can exist in two configurations. Some filaments have the projections disposed close to the filament backbone. Other filaments have all of their projections widely spread, tethered to the backbone by slender threads. Filaments formed from the myosins of skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, and platelets each have distinctive features, particularly their lengths. Soluble mixtures of skeletal muscle myosin with either smooth muscle myosin or platelet myosin were dialyzed against 0.1 M KC1 at pH 7 to determine whether the simultaneous presence of two types of myosin would influence the properties of the filaments formed. In every case, a single population of filaments formed from the mixtures. The resulting filaments are thought to be copolymers of the two types of myosin, for several reasons: (a) their length-frequency distribution is unimodal and differs from that predicted for a simple mixture of two types of myosin filaments; (b) their mean length is intermediate between the mean lengths of the filaments formed separately from the two myosins in the mixture; (c) each of the filaments has structural features characteristic of both of the myosins in the mixture; and (d) their size and shape are determined by the proportion of the two myosins in the mixture.

Cross-sectoral Analysis of 1.4 Million AOK-insured Patients with Back Pain in Baden-Württemberg – What Influence does Outpatient Specialist Care Have?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom R. Jansen ◽  
Heinz Endres ◽  
Lina Barnewold ◽  
Petra Kaufmann-Kolle ◽  
Sabine Knapstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Surgical Procedures ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Pain Medication ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Specialist Care ◽  
Billing Data ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Back pain is one of the leading causes of disability globally and the most common musculoskeletal pain in Germany. The lifetime prevalence of back pain ranges from 74% to 85%, and the point prevalence ranges from 32% to 49%. One in five individuals with statutory health insurance visits a doctor at least once a year for back pain, and 1 in 20 individuals is on sick leave at least once a year. The question as to what extent can different outpatient care concepts substantially contribute to improving care and avoiding inpatient hospital treatment has repeatedly been the subject of controversial political discussions. This study aimed to present a description of the reality of care in Baden-Württemberg (BW), Germany, based on claims data. Material and Methods Anonymised routine billing data of AOK Baden-Württemberg were analysed in compliance with data protection regulations. The billing data cover the outpatient and inpatient care sectors. All AOK patients in BW who received at least one ICD10 diagnosis from their physician in the first half of 2015 were considered for the analysis. Patients with at least one diagnosis of back pain were evaluated as patients with back pain, whereby the assignment to the diagnosis group of specific or non-specific back pain was made based on the code. Results In the first half of 2015, nearly 988 925 patients with back pain were registered in the 6696 primary care clinics in BW, approximately 302 524 patients in 1172 orthopaedic clinics and 17 043 patients in 89 neurosurgical clinics. Primary care clinics reported back pain diagnosis in 34.6%, orthopaedic clinics in 51.9% and neurosurgical clinics in 78.6% of cases. Primary care clinics diagnosed a specific cause in approximately one-third of patients with back pain, orthopaedic clinics in approximately 40% of their patients and neurosurgery clinics in one in two cases. Overall, approximately 1.2% of 1.3 million patients with back pain (January to December 2015 in BW) were hospitalised. Inpatient therapy consisted of surgical therapy and conservative therapy. Nucleotomy, decompression and spondylodesis were the three most common surgical procedures performed. Pain medication and remedy prescriptions decreased pain after spinal surgery. There are significant regional differences in referral and surgery rates. The mean inpatient referral rate was 535 of 100 000 AOK insurants, and the median was 536 of 100 000 AOK insurants. The mean surgery rate among all admitted patients with back pain was 49.9%, and the median was 49.8%. Conclusion The vast majority of patients with back pain are treated as outpatients. Only approximately 1.2% of all patients with back pain were treated as inpatients in 2015. Of these, approximately half underwent surgery. Spinal surgeries led to a decrease in pain medication and remedy prescription postoperatively. The three most frequent surgical procedures were ‘decompression’, ‘excision of disc tissue’ and ‘spondylodesis’. There were significant regional differences.

Sporadic Schwannomatosis: A Systematic Review Following the 2005 Consensus Statement

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (05) ◽  
pp. 408-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Victor ◽  
Thibault Poujade ◽  
Nadine Hollevoet ◽  
Gregoire Chick
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Consensus Statement ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Spinal Tumors ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tumor Distribution ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Aims To identify the frequency of reports of sporadic schwannomatosis, the types of patients affected, and the nerves affected. Patients and Methods We identified all case reports and case series that reported on patients with sporadic schwannomatosis according to established criteria. Results The initial search yielded 1,597 studies, of which 15 were included. A total of 38 of 55 individuals met the inclusion criteria. The mean age of the patients was 48 years; 41% were male. Thirty-three patients had peripheral nerve tumors, and 17 had spinal tumors. Twelve had tumors in both locations. Tumor distribution was unilateral in 25 of 30 cases (83.3%) and segmental (limited to one limb or five or fewer contiguous segments of the spine) in 28 of 38 cases (73.7%). Conclusion This systematic review quantified the number of individuals who meet the criteria for sporadic schwannomatosis and better described this population to facilitate the classification of neurofibromatosis in regard to the 2005 consensus statement. Unilateral or segmental distribution of nerve tumors are key aspects when dealing with multiple noncutaneous schwannomas without involvement of the vestibular nerve.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the efficacy of neonicotinoid and pyrethroid insecticides in Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) populations in Colombia

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-368
Author(s):  
Augusto Ramírez-Godoy ◽  
Gina Puentes-Pérez ◽  
Hermann Restrepo-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Dry Forest ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Forest Conditions

The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri is the insect vector of the disease known as huanglongbing (HLB), which is the most devastating disease of citrus crops in the world. The Asian citrus psyllid was officially reported in Colombia in 2007, and a national phytosanitary emergency was declared because of the presence of HLB in 2015. Two different experiments were carried out in two locations (Apulo and Jerusalén, Department of Cundinamarca) in Colombia to evaluate the effectiveness of neonicotinoid (clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxan) and pyrethroid applications (bifenthrin, deltamethrin and lambda cyhalothrin) on the control of D. citri populations (adults, nymphs and eggs) in ‘Tahiti’ lime trees established under tropical dry forest conditions. In the first experiment, trees were foliarly treated as follows: (1) untreated trees; (2) trees treated with 100 g ha-1 of imidacloprid; (3) trees treated with 60 g ha-1 of bifenthrin; (4) trees treated with 12.5 g ha-1 of deltamethrin and (5) trees treated with a co-formulation of 70 g ha-1 of a neonicotinoid (thiametoxan) and 53 g ha-1 of a pyrethroid (lambda cyhalothrin). In the second experiment, trees were treated with 100 g ha-1 of clothianidin. Foliar insecticide applications were carried out at 0 and 4 weeks after the initiation of treatments (WAT). In the first trial, the control presented a mean number of individuals per flush of ≈1.14, whereas the trees treated with neoinicotinoids and pyrethroids showed 50% fewer individuals (0.53-0.61). For the population of immatures, the number of nymphs was 2.25 nymphs per flush in the control, as compared to 0.82-1.22 individuals observed in the treatments with insecticides. The mean number of eggs was also between 80-100% higher in the control trees (2.37 individuals), as compared to the treated trees (1.14-1.78). In the second trial, the use of clothianidin showed a higher control of eggs. The results suggest that the rotation of neonicotinoids with pyrethroids can be a tool to reduce populations and delay resistance processes in D. citri in citrus trees established under tropical dry forest conditions in Colombia.

scholarly journals Long-term species richness-abundance dynamics in relation to species departures and arrivals in wintering urban bird assemblages

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jukka Suhonen ◽  
Jukka Jokimäki
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Abundance Dynamics ◽  
Local Species Richness ◽  
Local Species ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Urban Bird ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Abstract Temporal dynamics of local assemblages depend on the species richness and the total abundance of individuals as well as local departure and arrival rates of species. We used urban bird survey data collected from the same 31 study plots and methods during three winters (1991–1992; 1999–2000 and 2009–2010) to analyze the temporal relationship between bird species richness and total number of individuals (abundance). We also evaluated local departures and arrivals of species in each assemblage. In total, 13,812 individuals of 35 species were detected. The temporal variation in bird species richness followed the variation in the total number of individuals. The numbers of local departure and arrival events were similar. Also, the mean number of individuals of the recently arrived species (8.6) was almost the same as the mean number of individuals of the departed species (8.2). Risk of species departure was inversely related to number of individuals. Local species richness increased by one species when the total abundance of individuals increased by around 125 individuals and vice versa. Our results highlight the important role of local population departures and arrivals in determining the local species richness-abundance dynamics in human-dominated landscapes. Local species richness patterns depend on the total number of individuals as well as both the departure-arrival dynamics of individual species as well as the dynamics of all the species together. Our results support the more individuals hypothesis, which suggests that individual-rich assemblages have more species.

scholarly journals Haematological and Haemostatic Changes Associated with Major Depressive Disorder among Nigerians.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245
Author(s):  
Oloruntoba A. Ekun
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sodium Citrate ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Red Cell Indices ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background: A link between major depressive disorder (MDD) and haematological as well as co-agulation disorders has been postulated. This study aims to evaluate haematological and haemostatic changes among Nigerians with major depressive disorder Methods: Two hundred volunteers consisting of an equal number of individuals diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) based on DMS-IV criteria and apparently healthy control participated in this study. The blood sample was collected into tri-sodium citrate K2EDTA bottles respectively and was evaluated for some haemostatic parameters , using ELISA, Clauss, Quick’s One Stage, Proctor and Rapaport’s methods. Results: The mean WBC, hemoglobin and differential lymphocyte were significantly higher among MDD total volunteers (p < 0.001). The red cell indices and platelet count were lower among MDD (p <0.001). Also the prothrombin time (PT), fibrinogen, protein-C and erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR) were all raised (p <0.001) among volunteers with MDD. Positive associations existed be-tween MCV and RBC (r: 0.364; p<0.001), PT and APTT (r: 0.319 p <0.001), APTT and fibrinogen (r: 0.239, p = 0.017) as well as PT and fibrinogen (r: 0.275 p = 0.006) at 95% confidence interval. Conclusion: Changes in total leucocytes count, lymphocytes values and haemostatic parameters among volunteers with depression may impacts deleterious effects on the immune response as well as haemostatic homeostasis, while decreased red cell indices may suggest occult nutritional anaemia.

scholarly journals RANCANGAN RUANG PENGERING BERBASIS ERGONOMI MENURUNKAN KELUHAN MUSKULOSKELETAL PERAJIN IKAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gede Bawa Susana
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽  
Musculoskeletal Complaints ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Working Posture ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drying Chamber ◽  
Participatory Method

With  traditional fish drying process,  most possible can cause an unhealthy  working posture , such as a squatting action.   As a consequence , worker will suffer a  musculoskeletal disorders because of not  ergonomic tools and bad working posture. Without ergonomics  working  procedures was found that  the average of   musculoskeletal complaints after working is 52.25 ± 1.03. To solve this ccomplaints, a drying chamber based ergonomics design was built in order to reduce musculoskeletal disorders. Dimensions of the drying chamber were based on anthropometric data of fish craftsmen and the material of drying chamber was by the participatory method. Test was performed on 20 samples and the result showed that the mean rate of  musculoskeletal complaints after working is 38.30 ± 1.30. The ergonomic based design for drying camber application can reduce  the musculoskeletal complaints up to 26.7%.

scholarly journals Responses of a Pre-hospital Emergency Medical Service During Military Conflict Versus COVID-19: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Jaffe ◽  
Roman Sonkin ◽  
Evan Avraham Alpert ◽  
Erik Zerath
Keyword(s):  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Motor Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
Comparative Cohort Study ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Military ◽  
Conflict Period

ABSTRACT Background Decreases in routine healthcare practices have been shown to occur during disasters. However, research regarding the impacts of natural disasters, pandemics, or military conflicts on emergency medical services (EMS) is scarce. Objectives This study assessed the impact of a military conflict versus the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on a national EMS organization in terms of responses to overall daily emergencies, medical illnesses, motor vehicle collisions, and other injuries. Methods This retrospective comparative cohort study assessed daily routine emergency ambulance calls to Magen David Adom (MDA), Israel’s national EMS organization. This included overall emergency calls as well as those related to medical illnesses, motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), and other injuries. All data were obtained from the MDA command and control database. During the military conflict Operation Protective Edge (2014), the civilian population was subjected to intensive rocket attacks for 24 days, followed by 26 days of a progressive withdrawal of operations and then to a post-conflict period. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (March-April 2020), the population was subjected to 32 days of total lockdown, followed by 27 days of progressive relief of confinement, and then to a post-lockdown period. Results The total number of emergency calls in this study was 330,430. During the conflict, the mean number of daily calls decreased, followed by an increase during Relief and Post-Conflict with higher values in Post-Conflict than in Pre-Conflict. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a decrease in the mean daily number of calls during Lockdown. It remained low during Relief and increased during Post-Lockdown. However, it remained lower in Post-Lockdown than during Pre-Lockdown. Calls related to medical illnesses decreased during the conflict and during the lockdown. The post-conflict period was characterized by a similar baseline call magnitude but not during the post-lockdown period. Decreases in calls for MVC and other injuries were significant during the lockdown but not during the military conflict. Post-lockdown was accompanied by return to baseline call volumes for MVC, whereas calls for other injuries increased above baseline both after the lockdown and military conflict. Conclusion This study shows decreasing trends in routine daily calls for EMS during both Operation Protective Edge and COVID-19. However, different patterns of needs for EMS were evidenced for medical illnesses, MVC, or calls concerning other injuries. These results are instrumental for managing the operational demands of EMS during military conflicts and pandemics.

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