Research on split and evolution of acoustic cavity resonance frequency of rotating loaded tire

2021 ◽  
pp. 107754632110482
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Hu ◽  
Xiandong Liu ◽  
Yingchun Shan ◽  
Tian He
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Cavity Resonance ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Passenger Compartment ◽  
Order Resonance ◽  
First Order ◽  
Acoustic Cavity ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Simulation And Experiment

The tire acoustic cavity resonance noise (TACRN) is known to contribute to audible noise in the passenger compartment of a vehicle. In order to reduce TACRN effectively, its mechanism needs to be grasped better. In this paper, the calculation formulas of tire acoustic cavity resonance frequency for four different conditions such as static unloaded tire, static loaded tire, rotating unloaded tire, and rotating loaded tire are analyzed and verified by the simulation and experiment. In particular, the resonance frequency formulas of static loaded tire introducing inflation pressure and rotating loaded tire are proposed and verified, respectively, in this paper. And the influence of tire inflation pressure, load, and running velocity on splitting frequency are studied. Some new findings are described and discussed; for example, the first-order resonance frequency may split into four resonance frequencies in most cases, and may split into three resonance frequencies in certain cases when a loaded tire is rotating. And the existing conditions for three and four resonance frequencies are also discussed.

Resonance Frequency Calculation of Long-Neck Cylindrical Acoustic Resonators

2014 ◽  
Vol 541-542 ◽  
pp. 478-481
Author(s):  
De Yu Li ◽  
Li Fang Zheng ◽  
Li Jian Ou
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
General Model ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Lumped Mass ◽  
Acoustic Resonators ◽  
Order Resonance ◽  
First Order ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Calculation

This paper presents a general model to predict resonance frequencies for long-neck cylindrical acoustic resonators. The predicted resonance frequencies by the proposed model are compared with those measured and calculated by Panton and Millers model. It is found that the model developed in this paper can give more accurate resonance frequencies for both the first and higher modes, while the Panton and Millers model can only accurately predict the first-order frequency, and up to 4% error is observed in the predicted higher-order resonance frequencies, mainly induced by the lumped-mass simplification.

Experimental Study of the Acoustic Cavity Resonance in Automobile Tire Dynamic Response

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly J. Subler ◽  
Richard F. Keltie ◽  
Dimitri Tsihlas
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Transfer Functions ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Acoustic Resonance ◽  
Cavity Resonance ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Automobile Tire ◽  
Acoustic Cavity ◽  
Cavity Modes ◽  
Helium Gas

Abstract A series of tests were conducted to measure the dynamic stiffness transfer functions between the wheel center of a rim-mounted tire and the contact patch. Of particular interest was the interaction between the tire acoustic cavity mode and the modes of the tire/rim system. By varying the concentration of helium gas within the tire, it was possible to sweep the acoustic resonance through a group of rim/tire resonances. These results showed that there is relatively weak interaction between the cavity modes and the tire/rim modes. It was found that the resonance frequency of the cavity shifts downward with increasing tire load, and that only the z-direction dynamic stiffness is affected by load. Changes in inflation pressure were found to have no effect on the cavity resonance frequency, and increases in inflation pressure led to significant changes only in the x-direction dynamic stiffness. A simple analytical model of a coupled structural/acoustic system was found to produce results similar to those observed in the tire testing.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of Resonance Frequency at Prime Mover Thermoacoustic Standing Wave

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Danang D. Cahyadi ◽  
Yoga N. Adhitama ◽  
Ikhsan Setiawan ◽  
Agung B. S. Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Prime Mover ◽  
Resonator Length ◽  
First Order ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Prime Movers

<p class="Abstract">Thermoacoustic prime movers work by using thermal energy to produce acoustic energy in the form of sound wave through thermoacoustic effect which occurs in a porous medium called stack. This paper describes an experimental study on the relation between the order of resonance frequencies generated by a thermoacoustic prime mover and the length of the resonator and the viscous penetration depth. Extending the resonator length will decreasing the resonance frequency which result in the increasing in the viscous penetration depth. Generally, the generated sound consists of only one frequency, that is the first-order one. However, under certain conditions, the sound has only the second-order frequency or comprises two frequencies of the first-order and second-order resonance frequencies. This phenomenon can be explained by considering the comparison between the effective hydraulic radius of stack () and the viscous penetration depth (). It is found that the first-order frequency appears when , while when   (with  calculated by using the first-order frequency) then the second order frequency is produced so that  is back to a smaller value and therefore the condition of  is recovered. In addition, when of  the thermoacoustic prime mover will<em> </em>generate the first and second order frequencies together.</p>

Analytical Model of Tire Cavity Resonance and Coupled Tire/Cavity Modal Model

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gunda ◽  
S. Gau ◽  
C. Dohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Plane Wave ◽  
Analytical Model ◽  
Interior Noise ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Cavity Resonance ◽  
Coupling Matrix ◽  
Acoustic Cavity ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Cavity Structure ◽  
Modal Model

Abstract The acoustic resonance of the air cavity in the tire/wheel assembly may be a contributor to vehicle interior noise through the structure-borne noise transmission path. This problem has been examined in the past using approximate closed form solutions (based on plane wave theory for a two-tube model) and numerically, using FEA. The coupling between the cavity resonance and structural resonance of the wheel may result in higher levels of interior noise as noted previously. The two primary goals of this paper are (1) to develop simple analytical models to gain fundamental understanding of some observed phenomena and for a quick estimation of cavity resonance frequency to assist in the design process, and (2) to develop tire modal models incorporating the acoustic cavity to predict coupled system natural frequencies and response. An improved analytical model for accurate calculation of acoustic cavity resonance frequencies of a static, unloaded tire is developed using variational principles. The sensitivities of the cavity resonance frequencies to tire width and aspect ratio are examined. For the case of a loaded tire, an improved analytical formulation based on plane wave propagation (for linearly varying cross-sectional area) is developed. Deformed structure geometry from FEA is used as input to the analytical model. The FEA-based methodology used in the tire/cavity coupling analysis is as follows: The tire structural modes are calculated, ignoring the effect of the acoustic cavity. The tire cavity modes are calculated using deformed cavity geometry only. Next, the structural/acoustic coupling matrix is calculated. Finally, a coupled cavity-structure modal model is generated from modal mass and stiffness of the tire/wheel assembly, the cavity modal matrices, and the coupling matrix. This process is an improvement over conventional tire modal models, which only include structural modes.

Research on mechanism and evolution features of frequency split phenomenon of tire acoustic cavity resonance

2020 ◽  
pp. 107754632092679
Author(s):  
Yuting Liu ◽  
Xiandong Liu ◽  
Yingchun Shan ◽  
Xiaojun Hu ◽  
Jiajing Yi
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Rotation Velocity ◽  
Euler Method ◽  
Cavity Resonance ◽  
Acoustic Medium ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Inflation Pressure ◽  
Driving Experience ◽  
Acoustic Cavity ◽  
Slope Change

The acoustic cavity resonance inside the tire–wheel assembly is known to contribute to audible noise in the passenger compartment of vehicles. To obtain control methods of tire acoustic cavity resonance, its characteristics and producing mechanism need to be clarified first. In this article, the finite element model of a tire coupled with acoustic medium in the tire cavity is constructed. The Euler method is introduced to study the modal characteristics of tire cavity under the influence of tire inflation pressure, load, and tire rotation velocity. Frequency splitting phenomena under four separate conditions (stationary tire without load, stationary tire with load, rotating tire without load, and rotating tire with load) are simulated and analyzed. The slope change of the resonance frequency as a function of rotation speed is found to be close to the reciprocal of tire radius which can be explained by a model of wave propagation in a ring-shaped channel with moving media inside the ring. The obtained function of the slope change can help determine the frequency variation range under different vehicle velocity, structure load, and tire inflation pressure, which can then help to control the cavity resonance energy and provide a more comfortable driving experience.

Plane Wave Resonance in the Tire Air Cavity as a Vehicle Interior Noise Source

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Interior Noise ◽  
Cavity Resonance ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Vehicle Interior ◽  
Air Cavity ◽  
Vehicle Interior Noise ◽  
Wave Resonance ◽  
Resonance Frequencies

Abstract Vehicle interior noise is the result of numerous sources of excitation. One source involving tire pavement interaction is the tire air cavity resonance and the forcing it provides to the vehicle spindle: This paper applies fundamental principles combined with experimental verification to describe the tire cavity resonance. A closed form solution is developed to predict the resonance frequencies from geometric data. Tire test results are used to examine the accuracy of predictions of undeflected and deflected tire resonances. Errors in predicted and actual frequencies are shown to be less than 2%. The nature of the forcing this resonance as it applies to the vehicle spindle is also examined.

scholarly journals Modeling the Piezoelectric Cantilever Resonator with Different Width Layers

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Zhenxi Liu ◽  
Jiamin Chen ◽  
Xudong Zou
Keyword(s):  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Fem Simulation ◽  
Control Process ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Piezoelectric Cantilever ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
Easy Integration ◽  
Tip Displacement

The piezoelectric cantilever resonator is used widely in many fields because of its perfect design, easy-to-control process, easy integration with the integrated circuit. The tip displacement and resonance frequency are two important characters of the piezoelectric cantilever resonator and many models are used to characterize them. However, these models are only suitable for the piezoelectric cantilever with the same width layers. To accurately characterize the piezoelectric cantilever resonators with different width layers, a novel model is proposed for predicting the tip displacement and resonance frequency. The results show that the model is in good agreement with the finite element method (FEM) simulation and experiment measurements, the tip displacement error is no more than 6%, the errors of the first, second, and third-order resonance frequency between theoretical values and measured results are 1.63%, 1.18%, and 0.51%, respectively. Finally, a discussion of the tip displacement of the piezoelectric cantilever resonator when the second layer is null, electrode, or silicon oxide (SiO2) is presented, and the utility of the model as a design tool for specifying the tip displacement and resonance frequency is demonstrated. Furthermore, this model can also be extended to characterize the piezoelectric cantilever with n-layer film or piezoelectric doubly clamped beam.

scholarly journals Analysis of Tire Acoustic Cavity Resonance Energy Transmission Characteristics in Wheels Based on Power Flow Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3979
Author(s):  
Wei Zhao ◽  
Yuting Liu ◽  
Xiandong Liu ◽  
Yingchun Shan ◽  
Xiaojun Hu
Keyword(s):  
Power Flow ◽  
Resonance Energy ◽  
Cavity Resonance ◽  
Propagation Path ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Flow Method ◽  
Acoustic Cavity ◽  
Power Flow Method

As a kind of low-frequency vehicle interior noise, tire acoustic cavity resonance noise plays an important role, since the other noise (e.g., engine noise, wind noise and friction noise) has been largely suppressed. For the suspension system, wheels stand first in the propagation path of this energy. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the influence of wheel design on the transmission characteristics of this vibration energy. However, currently the related research has not received enough attention. In this paper, two sizes of aluminum alloy wheel finite element models are constructed, and their modal characteristics are analyzed and verified by experimental tests simultaneously. A mathematically fitting sound pressure load model arising from the tire acoustic cavity resonance acting on the rim is first put forward. Then, the power flow method is applied to investigate the resonance energy distribution and transmission characteristics in the wheels. The structure intensity distribution and energy transmission efficiency can be described and analyzed clearly. Furthermore, the effects of material structure damping and the wheel spoke number on the energy transmission are also discussed.

“Fuzzy” calculus: The link between quantum mechanics and discrete fractional operators

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 764-786
Author(s):  
Raoul R. Nigmatullin ◽  
Paolo Lino ◽  
Guido Maione
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Integral ◽  
Continuous Spin ◽  
First Order ◽  
Discrete Signals ◽  
Resonance Frequencies ◽  
Fuzzy Calculus ◽  
New Form ◽  
Hidden States ◽  
Extended Interpretation ◽  
Continuous Range

AbstractIn this paper, based on the “fuzzy” calculus covering the continuous range of operations between two couples of arithmetic operations (+, –) and (×, :), a new form of the fractional integral is proposed occupying an intermediate position between the integral and derivative of the first order. This new form of the fractional integral satisfies the C1 criterion according to the Ross classification. The new calculus is tightly related to the continuous values of the continuous spin S = 1 and can generalize the expression for the fractional values of the shifting discrete index. This calculus can be interpreted as the appearance of the hidden states corresponding to unobservable values of S = 1. Many well-known formulas can be generalized and receive a new extended interpretation. In particular, one can factorize any rectangle matrix and receive the “perfect” filtering formula that allows transforming any (deterministic or random) function to another arbitrary function and vice versa. This transformation can find unexpected applications in data transmission, cryptography and calibration of different gadgets and devices. One can also receive the hybrid (”centaur”) formula for the Fourier (F-) transformation unifying both expressions for the direct and inverse F-transformations in one mathematical unit. The generalized Dirichlet formula, which is obtained in the frame of the new calculus to allow selecting the desired resonance frequencies, will be useful in discrete signals processing, too. The basic formulas are tested numerically on mimic data.

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