Screening Filamentous Tropical Fungi for their Nutritional Potential as Sources of Crude Proteins, Lipids and Minerals

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Carvalho ◽  
J.V. Coelho ◽  
J.A. Takahashi

The use of fungal and yeast biomass in foodstuff, either as supplements or as major ingredients in formulations is an area of growing interest for the modern food industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional potential of biomasses obtained from filamentous fungi Penicillium sclerotiorum, Penicillium janthinellum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Syncephalastrum racemosum. Biomasses presented 26-37% of total proteins, 1.7-3.5% of lipids and 4.6-9.1% of ashes. The humidity level reached 75-83%. Ashes were screened for minerals contents with a special outcome for S. racemosum biomass that presented 3438 mg/100 g (dw) of magnesium. Fatty acids present in the biomasses were screened and the palmitic (C16:0), estearic (C18:0), elaidic (18:1n9-t), oleic (18:1n9-c), linolelaidic (C18:2n6-t), linoleic (C18:2n6-c) and γ-linolenic (C18:3n6) acids were found to be the most abundant, from a total of 88-90% of identified fatty acids. Overall data indicate that the filamentous fungi studied have good nutritional properties, possessing a combination of good level of proteins, low level of fat, and presence of essential fatty acids, including omega-3 derivatives, along with the presence of Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe.

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1111
Author(s):  
Maria P. Mollica ◽  
Giovanna Trinchese ◽  
Fabiano Cimmino ◽  
Eduardo Penna ◽  
Gina Cavaliere ◽  
...  

Milk contains several important nutrients that are beneficial for human health. This review considers the nutritional qualities of essential fatty acids (FAs), especially omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in milk from ruminant and non-ruminant species. In particular, the impact of milk fatty acids on metabolism is discussed, including its effects on the central nervous system. In addition, we presented data indicating how animal feeding—the main way to modify milk fat composition—may have a potential impact on human health, and how rearing and feeding systems strongly affect milk quality within the same animal species. Finally, we have presented the results of in vivo studies aimed at supporting the beneficial effects of milk FA intake in animal models, and the factors limiting their transferability to humans were discussed.


2021 ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Иван Александрович Кечкин ◽  
Георгий Несторович Панкратов ◽  
Ирина Сергеевна Витол

Введение в ежедневный рацион продуктов, обогащенных эссенциальными нутриентами, является актуальной задачей стратегии здорового питания. В этой связи особое место занимают продукты переработки зерна, как основы пирамиды здорового питания. Среди наиболее востребованных незаменимых нутриентов следует выделить полиненасыщенные жирные кислоты, и особенно жирные кислоты семейства ɷ-3. Главным источником линоленовой кислоты из растительного сырья является льняное масло, которое может быть введено в виде тонкоизмельченных семян льна в состав хлебопекарной муки. Химический состав продуктов питания на зерновой основе, полученных с использованием традиционной технологии, характеризуется недостаточной сбалансированностью, невысокой пищевой и биологической ценностью. В связи с этим с целью расширения ассортимента зерновых продуктов функциональной направленности общего, диетического и профилактического назначения на основе полизерновых смесей разработаны методология управления мукомольными свойствами зернового сырья при его переработке для получения продуктов питания на зерновой основе заданного состава и свойств; показана возможность совместного размола пшенично-льняной смеси с получением муки, обогащенной незаменимыми жирными кислотами (НЖК) - омега-3 (линоленовая кислота) и омега-6 (линолевая кислота); сформированы новые виды муки, обогащенные незаменимыми жирными кислотами; определены некоторые физико-химические характеристики пшеничной муки, обогащенной НЖК; выявлены особенности хлебопекарных свойств пшенично-льняной муки. На основании динамики изменения показателя кислотного числа жира (КЧЖ) спрогнозирован срок безопасного хранения пшенично-льняной муки, который составил 9,4 месяца. The introduction of foods fortified with essential nutrients into the daily diet is an urgent task of a healthy eating strategy. In this regard, grain processing products occupy a special place, as the basis of the pyramid of healthy nutrition. Among the most demanded essential nutrients are polyunsaturated fatty acids and especially fatty acids of the ɷ-3 family. The main source of linolenic acid from plant raw materials is linseed oil, which can be added in the form of finely ground flax seeds to baking flour. The chemical composition of grain-based food products obtained using traditional technology is characterized by insufficient balance, low nutritional and biological value. In this regard, in order to expand the range of functional grain products for general, dietary and prophylactic purposes on the basis of polygrain mixtures, the following have been developed: a methodology for controlling the milling properties of grain raw materials during its processing to obtain food products based on a grain basis of a given composition and properties; the possibility of joint grinding of a wheat-flax mixture to obtain flour enriched with essential fatty acids (EFA) - omega-3 (linolenic acid) and omega-6 (linoleic acid) is shown; formed new types of flour, enriched with essential fatty acids; some physicochemical characteristics of wheat flour enriched with EFA have been determined; the features of the baking properties of wheat-flax flour are revealed. Based on the dynamics of changes in the acid number of fat (FAT), the period of safe storage of wheat-flaxseed flour was predicted, which was 9.4 months.


2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Hulbert ◽  
Sarah K. Abbott

There are four types of fatty acids but only two types are essential nutritional requirements for many animals. These are the omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) and the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) and because they cannot be converted to one another they are separate essential dietary requirements. They are only required in small amounts in the diet and their biological importance stems largely from their role as constituents of membrane lipids. They are synthesised by plants and, as a generalisation, green leaves are the source of n-3 PUFA while seeds are the source of n-6 PUFA in the food chain. While the fatty acid composition of storage fats (triglycerides) is strongly influenced by dietary fatty acid composition, this is not the case for membrane fats. The fatty acid composition of membrane lipids is relatively unresponsive to dietary fatty acid composition, although n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA can substitute for each in membrane lipids to some extent. Membrane fatty acid composition appears to be regulated and specific for different species. The role of essential fats in the diet of animals on (1) basal metabolic rate, (2) thermoregulation, (3) maximum longevity, and (4) exercise performance is discussed.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Januar Hadi Prasetyo ◽  
Agustono Agustono ◽  
Widya Paramitha Lokapirnasari

Omega-3 fatty acids (Alpha-linolenic acid) and omega-6 fatty acids (Linoleic acid) are a group of essential fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that cannot be synthesized by the body so that must be supplied from the diet. One of the sources of essential fatty acids is derived from fish oil. This study aims to determine the effect of Crude Fish Oil (CFO) in the feed to EPA and DHA content in penaeid shrimp meat. The research method used was a completely randomized design. The treatments used are the varying content of Crude Fish Oil (CFO), which are P0 (0%), P1 (2%), P2 (4%), P3 (6%), and P4 (8%). The results of the study showed significant differences (p <0.05) on the content of EPA and DHA in penaeid shrimp meat. The highest content of EPA and DHA found in P4 treatment (8%) and the lowest at P0 treatment (0%). The use of CFO in penaeid shrimp feed need further study related to the growth of shrimps and prawns reproductive cycle to increase the productivity of penaeid shrimp. CFO on feed should be used at a dose of 6%.


2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 489-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Zararsiz ◽  
Sedat Meydan ◽  
Mustafa Sarsilmaz ◽  
Ahmet Songur ◽  
Oguz Aslan Ozen ◽  
...  

2003 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M Kurowska ◽  
G.K Dresser ◽  
L Deutsch ◽  
D Vachon ◽  
W Khalil

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Castilla Casadiego ◽  
A. R. Albis Arrieta ◽  
E. R. Angulo Mercado ◽  
S. J. Cervera Cahuana ◽  
K. S. Baquero Noriega ◽  
...  

The use of the saline microalgae,Dunaliella salina, Sinecosyfissp., andChroomonassp., was explored as an alternative source for the production of fatty acids using fertilizer and glycerol as culture media. The nutrient medium used contained “Nutrifoliar,” a commercial fertilizer, and/or glycerol, in natural sea water. The microalgae were placed in cultures with different conditions. The parameters that favored the largest production of fatty acids were 24 hours of agitation and illumination, 1620 L/day of air supply, 2.25 L of air/min, and a temperature of 32°C using “Nutrifoliar” as the culture media. Results indicated that, from 3 g of microalgae in wet base ofChroomonassp., 54.43 mg of oil was produced. The chromatographic characterization of oil obtained revealed the presence of essential fatty acids such as 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (omega-3) and 4,7,10-hexadecatrienoic acid (omega-6) from the speciesDunaliella salina.On the other hand, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (omega-6) and cis-11-eicosenoic acid (omega-9) were identified from the speciesChroomonassp. The temperature variations played an important role in the velocity of growth or the production of the algae biomass, the amount of oil, and the ability to produce fatty acids.


2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3Supl1) ◽  
pp. 1813-1824
Author(s):  
Carlos Magno da Rocha Junior ◽  
◽  
Antônio Gilberto Bertechini ◽  
Alexandre de Oliveira Teixeira ◽  
Leonardo Marmo Moreira ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to examine the use of antioxidants on the oxidative stability of poultry offal oil used in the pet food industry. Five commercial synthetic and two natural antioxidants were used in the following treatments: Control (CON); CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95); CON + (BHT + BHA); CON + (BHA + PG + CA); CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH70); CON + BHA; CON + (ASC + rosemary); and CON + (ASC + tocopherols). Inclusion levels were 0.5% for the synthetic and 0.625% for the natural antioxidants. Oxidative stability was determined at three temperatures (90, 110 and 130 ºC). To determine the fatty acid profile, the original sample of the offal oil was considered a negative control. The fatty acids were determined based on the preparation of methyl esters by a transesterification reaction with methanol in alkaline medium, followed by gas chromatography analysis. The different fatty acid types were identified by comparing the retention times of the fatty acid methyl ester standards with the retention times of the observed peaks. Compositional data analysis was carried out. Without the use of antioxidant, induction time is shorter, resulting in lower oxidative stability of the offal oil and consequent loss of its quality due to less time taken to oxidize. The antioxidants used in CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95), CON + (BHA + PG + CA) and CON + BHA better preserved the essential fatty acids (linolenic and linoleic). Natural antioxidants exhibited higher oxidation, with higher proportions of saturated fatty acids and the worst ω6:ω3 ratios. In conclusion, the synthetic antioxidants used in CON + (BHT + BHA + ETH95), CON + (BHA + PG + CA) and CON + BHA provided greater protection against oxidation and better preserved the essential fatty acids. The natural antioxidants tested in the present study did not provide satisfactory protection.


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