scholarly journals Extract of Mangifera indica L. leaves may reduce biofilms of Staphylococcus spp. in stainless steel and teatcup rubbers

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Andressa GB Manzur ◽  
Valdo SM Junior ◽  
Franciellen Morais-Costa ◽  
Emanuelly GA Mariano ◽  
Roberta T Careli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Log Reduction ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

Human ingestion of antimicrobial residues in dairy products is a problem of public health. In this study we evaluated antibacterial effectiveness of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Mangifera indica L. as a natural alternative for reduction of Staphylococcus spp. biofilms. Eight Staphylococcus spp. strains from cows with mastitis and the Staphylococcus aureus strain (ATCC 25923) were evaluated. High performance liquid chromatography indicated the presence of phenolic compounds in the aqueous extract. Agilent Technologies gas chromatography revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, carbohydrates, and gallic acid in ethanolic extract. The tannin contents were 2.27 ± 0.01 and 2.67 ± 0.01% for ethanolic extract and aqueous extract, respectively. Extracts were evaluated in agar diffusion test and the size of inhibition zones were compared. The ethanolic extract was the most effective, showing minimum inhibitory concentrations and minimum bactericidal concentrations between 1.8–7.5 and 15.1–45.3 mg/ml, respectively. After tannin removal, the extracts were less effective, indicating these secondary metabolites as one of the main antibacterial compounds. The ethanolic extract at 45.3 mg/ml reduced mature biofilms in teat rubber (average: 3.91 log reduction) and stainless steel (average: 3.87 log reduction) after 5 min of contact. The extracts of M. indica leaves represent natural alternatives against Staphylococcus spp. strains and the ethanolic extract shows potential as a natural sanitizer.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Phytochemicals and Antimicrobial Potentials of Chromolaena odorata (L.) on Selected Human Pathogens

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Z. K. Egbunu ◽  
O. O. Owoyemi ◽  
M. K. Oladunmoye ◽  
O. J. Abraham ◽  
O. I. Afolami
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Inhibitory Zone ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Aims: This research was designed to evaluate the phytochemicals present in the leaf extracts of Chromolaena odorata L. and their antimicrobial activities. Methodology: Dried leaves of C. odorata were pulverized and subjected to ethanolic and aqueous extraction. The extracts were qualitatively and quantitatively screened for phytochemicals using standard methods. The inhibitory activity of the leaf extracts were evaluated against clinical pathogens; Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Candida albicans using agar well diffusion technique at 100 mg/mL and 200 mg/mL concentrations. Results: The ethanolic extract of C. odorata had a better percentage yield of 5.49 g, followed by aqueous extract (3.5 g). The phytochemical screening conducted on the extracts revealed the presence of flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, cardiac glycoside, steroids, tannins and terpenoids. The ethanolic extract exhibited better antimicrobial activity on S. typhi, S. aureus, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa and C. albicans compared to the aqueous extract. This could be as a result of the higher extraction capability of the ethanol to penetrate easily into the cellular membrane and dissolve the intracellular inclusions from the plant materials than the aqueous solvent. The zones of inhibition of ethanolic extract at 100 mg/mL ranges from 2.33±0.33 mm to 9.50±0.36 mm with the lowest efficacy observed on P. mirabilis and highest on S. aureus. S. typhi was susceptible to the aqueous extract of the plant at this concentration with inhibitory zone of 4.00±0.00 mm. The ethanolic extract of the plant was also effective against C. albicans with inhibitory zone of 4.17±0.17 mm at 100 mg/mL. Chloramphenicol inhibited all the test bacteria with the highest efficacy on E. coli (16.33±0.03 mm) and ketoconazole at 25 mg/mL had a better antifungal activity on C. albicans compared to the observed antifungal activities of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. odorata at 100 mg/mL. Furthermore, the test organisms were more susceptible to the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. odorata at 200 mg/mL with zones of inhibition ranging from 3.23±0.15 mm to 12.33±0.33 mm. The lowest being observed on E.coli and highest on S. typhi (ethanolic extract). K. Pneumoniae and P. mirabilis were resistant to the aqueous extract of C. odorata. All the test bacteria were susceptible to the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of C. odorata at 200 mg/mL extracts concentration. Moreover, C. albicans was susceptible to the inhibitory effect of C. odorata at this concentration with inhibitory zones of 3.00±0.00 mm and 5.33±0.33 mm on aqueous and ethanolic extracts respectively. Conclusion: The findings from this study revealed the antimicrobial activities of C. odorata on the test pathogens which are in close proximity in comparison with the synthetic antimicrobial agents and thus upon purification, can be harnessed as a lead for the development of natural products derived antimicrobials in drug discovery against infections caused by these human pathogens evaluated in this study.

Extraction and identification of phenol compounds from Bitter Melon Momordica charantia fruits and their role as antioxidants

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Kais kassim Ghaima ◽  
Mohamad Ibrahim Nader ◽  
Rami Ali Taqi ◽  
Sanaa Abdulhusain Gatta
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Bitter Melon ◽  
Phenolic Constituents

The antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of Bitter Melon Momordica charantia exracts including phenolic compounds, ethanolic and aqueous were studied. Phenolic compounds were extracted, purified and identified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method. The main phenolic constituents, which were present in the fruit extract of bitter melon, were gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid and epicatechin. The results clearly indicated that phenolic compounds have an effective antioxidant activity by using Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC) method. Phenolic compounds caused 91.25% lipid peroxidation inhibition of linoleic acid emulsion. This activity was greater than ethanolic extract 82.5%, - tocopherol 70% and aqueous extract 49.58%. Also the phenolic compounds revealed obvious activity for H2O2 scavenging 68.8% in comparison with - tocopherol 45.3%, ethanolic extract 52.6% and aqueous extract 36.2%. These results confirmed the important role of phenolic compounds as antioxidants and the most antioxidant activity of bitter melon fruits belong to these compounds.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ZANTHOXYLUM OVALIFOLIUM LEAF EXTRACTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
ARUN K. ◽  
VIRUPAKSHA J. H.
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium on alloxan induced diabetic rat model in rats. Methods: The leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium were evaluated for antidiabetic activity by using alloxan induced diabetic model in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (100 mg/kg) and rats were treated orally with test extracts, standard drug (glibenclamide 5 mg/kg) and vehicle for 21 d. The hypoglycemic effects and lipid profile of diabetic rats were assessed using diagnostic kits. Finally, histopathological studies were carried out for pancreas. Results: The acute toxicity studies revealed at the dose of 2000 mg/kg (b. w) of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium for ethanol and aqueous extract were found to be safe. A significant reduction (p<0.001) in blood glucose was observed in diabetic rats treated with different doses of extracts compared to untreated diabetic rats. The drug possesses a good hyperlipidemic effect by normalizing the lipid parameters. This was evidenced by histopathological studies; both glibenclamide and 400 mg/kg of Ethanolic extract does appear to be regulated diabetes at the cellular level, resulting in the restoration of near normal architecture pancreatic islet of langerhans. Conclusion: It can be concluded from our research findings that ethanolic and aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum ovalifoliumat high dose (400 mg/kg) exhibited significant antihyperglycemic activity than extract at low dose (200 mg/kg) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. These extracts also showed improvement in parameters like lipid profile as well as regeneration β-cells in the pancreas and so might be of value in diabetes treatment.

scholarly journals Antimycotic activity of ethanolic and aqueous leaf extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiale: Lamiaceae) and Iris kashmiriana Baker (Asparagales: Iridaceae) against some vegetable rot fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Jahangir Abdullah Koka ◽  
Abdul Hamid Wani ◽  
Mohd Yaqub Bhat ◽  
Tariq Ahmad Wani ◽  
Shazia Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Rhizoctonia Solani ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Penicillium Chrysogenum ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Trichothecium Roseum ◽  
Antimycotic Activity

Antifungal activities of different solvent extracts of Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiale: Lamiaceae) and Iris kashmiriana Baker (Asparagales: Iridaceae) were carried out through agar well diffusion assay at three concentrations (25 uL, 50 uL and 75 uL) against seven rot causing fungi, viz. Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger, Mucor plumbeus, Alternaria alternata, Penicillium chrysogenum, Trichothecium roseum and Rhizoctonia solani. All the concentration of plant extracts showed antimycotic activity against tested pathogenic fungi. Antimycotic activity increased with the increased concentrations of plant extracts. However, higher concentrations proved more effective than lower concentrations. It was revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Ajuga bracteosa showed maximum antimycotic activity against Mucor plumbeus and Rhizoctonia solani and least activity against Penicillium chrysogenum. However, the aqueous extract of Ajuga bracteosa showed maximum antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani and Penicillium expansum and least activity against Trichothecium roseum. It was further revealed from the present study that the ethanolic extract of Iris kashmiriana showed maximum antimycotic activity against Aspergillus niger and least activity against Rhizoctonia solani. Whereas the aqueous extract of Iris kashmiriana showed maximum antimycotic activity against Penicillium expansum and Rhizoctonia solani and least activity against Aspergillus niger.

Use of high pressure techniques to produce Mangifera indica L. leaf extracts enriched in potent antioxidant phenolic compounds

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 94-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mª Teresa Fernández-Ponce ◽  
Lourdes Casas ◽  
Casimiro Mantell ◽  
Enrique Martínez de la Ossa
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Antimicrobial Activity of the Seed Kernel and Leaf Extracts of Mangifera indica L. (Fam. Anacardiaceae) Against Escherichia coli

Planta Medica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
ADC Abergas ◽  
MCQ Aleria ◽  
ZJS Alimagno ◽  
KNC Batac ◽  
AFM De Lara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Seed Kernel ◽  
Leaf Extracts

scholarly journals Antioxidant Evaluation of the Aqueous Extract of Hulls of Campsiandra laurifolia in Colitis Induced by Acetic Acid in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (02) ◽  
pp. 138-144
Author(s):  
Lucas Petitemberte de Souza ◽  
Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann ◽  
Sandielly Rebeca Benitez da Fonseca ◽  
Marilda da Silva Brasil ◽  
Norma Anair Possa Marroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Anal Pressure ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Sphincter Anal

AbstractDue to the ethnopharmacological use of Campsiandra laurifolia (Fabaceae), popularly known as Acapurana, to treat wounds and ulcers, associated with the lack of alternative treatments for intestinal inflammations such as ulcerative colitis (UC), the present work sought to characterize its phytochemical and antioxidant activities, and to evaluate remedial action in experimental colitis with acetic acid. Phytochemical analyzes were performed through qualitative and quantitative colorimetric tests of the main secondary metabolites. In the colitis model, 24 male Wistar rats aged ± 60 days old were used, divided into 4 groups: Control (CO) control + aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CO + A50); Colitis (CL); and Colitis + aqueous extract of C. laurifolia 50 mg/kg (CL + A50). Measurement of sphincter anal pressure and histological tests of the large intestine, lipoperoxidation (LPO), enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and levels of glutathione (GSH) were performed. For statistical analysis, the oxidative stress (OS) results were expressed as means ± standard error, adopting a significance level of p < 0.05. The screening indicated the presence of flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the extract, with high levels of phenolic compounds and tannins, and was related to high antioxidant capacity. In the histological analysis, the CL group presented loss of the crypts, edema and inflammatory infiltrate. The use of C. laurifolia extract restructured the crypts, decreased edema and increased sphincter anal pressure, with a decrease in LPO, SOD, and an increase in GSH. It is suggested that the use of C. laurifolia extract reduces OS due to its antioxidant power conferred by the phenolic compounds present in the extract.

scholarly journals Oriental Hornet (Vespa orientalis) Larval Extracts Induce Antiproliferative, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Migratory Effects on MCF7 Cells

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3303
Author(s):  
Amina M. G. Zedan ◽  
Mohamed I. Sakran ◽  
Omar Bahattab ◽  
Yousef M. Hawsawi ◽  
Osama Al-Amer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Individual Treatment ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Anticancer Effect ◽  
Mcf7 Cells ◽  
Vespa Orientalis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

The use of insects as a feasible and useful natural product resource is a novel and promising option in alternative medicine. Several components from insects and their larvae have been found to inhibit molecular pathways in different stages of cancer. This study aimed to analyze the effect of aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Vespa orientalis larvae on breast cancer MCF7 cells and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that individual treatment with 5% aqueous or alcoholic larval extract inhibited MCF7 proliferation but had no cytotoxic effect on normal Vero cells. The anticancer effect was mediated through (1) induction of apoptosis, as indicated by increased expression of apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase3, and p53) and decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2; (2) suppression of intracellular reactive oxygen species; (3) elevation of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GPx) and upregulation of the antioxidant regulator Nrf2 and its downstream target HO-1; (4) inhibition of migration as revealed by in vitro wound healing assay and downregulation of the migration-related gene MMP9 and upregulation of the anti-migratory gene TIMP1; and (5) downregulation of inflammation-related genes (NFκB and IL8). The aqueous extract exhibited the best anticancer effect with higher antioxidant activities but lower anti-inflammatory properties than the alcoholic extract. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of several flavonoids and phenolic compounds with highest concentrations for resveratrol and naringenin in aqueous extract and rosmarinic acid in alcoholic extract. This is the first report to explain the intracellular pathway by which flavonoids and phenolic compounds-rich extracts of Vespa orientalis larvae could induce MCF7 cell viability loss through the initiation of apoptosis, activation of antioxidants, and inhibition of migration and inflammation. Therefore, these extracts could be used as adjuvants for anticancer drugs and as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.

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