Effects of Atrazine and Fenoxaprop-Ethyl on Capacitation and the Acrosomal Reaction in Boar Sperm

2009 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramiro Maravilla-Galván ◽  
Reyna Fierro ◽  
Humberto González-Márquez ◽  
Sandra Gómez-Arroyo ◽  
Irma Jiménez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Acrosomal Reaction ◽  
Boar Sperm ◽  
In Vitro Effects ◽  
Membrane Destabilization

Atrazine is a herbicide of the chloro-s-triazine family. It inhibits photosynthesis in plants and is an endocrine disruptor, but its effects on human health are controversial. Fenoxaprop-ethyl, an aryloxy phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicide, inhibits the biosynthesis of fatty acids and provokes depolarization of membranes. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro effects of both herbicides on capacitation, spontaneous acrosome reaction (SAR) and progesterone-induced acrosome reaction (PIAR) in boar sperm. Sperm capacitation is done in TALP-HEPES media for 4 hours. Capacitation and SAR are evaluated immediately; PIAR, 30 minutes later. LC50 for fenoxaprop-ethyl is 60 mM and 40 mM for atrazine. Fenoxaprop-ethyl induces capacitation at 60 mM and SAR at all concentrations, also increases significantly PIAR. Atrazine decreased capacitation whereas increase significantly SAR and PIAR at all concentrations. It seems that fenoxaprop-ethyl and atrazine accelerate the capacitation and the acrosomal reaction, possibly via plasma membrane destabilization.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Acrosome Reaction and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Composition in Boar Sperm

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hee Lee ◽  
Yu-Jin Kim ◽  
Byeong Ho Kang ◽  
Choon-Keun Park
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Plasma Membrane Integrity ◽  
Boar Sperm ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship of acrosome reactions and fatty acid composition on fertility in boar sperm. The acrosome reaction of sperm was induced via methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MBCD), and acrosome reaction, plasma membrane integrity, and fertility were analyzed. The fatty acid composition of the excess acrosome reacted sperm was determined via gas chromatography. The results showed that the acrosome reaction in sperm was induced over 85% of the time by 60 mM MBCD treatment, and the plasma membrane integrity was significantly decreased and was dependent on the MBCD level. The acrosome reacted sperm resulted in significantly higher saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and lower unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) than the non-acrosome reaction group. Moreover, the acrosome reacted sperm from 60 mM MBCD significantly decreased in vitro fertility and blastocyst formation relative to non-acrosome reacted sperm, and the acrosome reaction was positively correlated with SFAs and negatively correlated with PUFAs. Of these fatty acids, C22:5n-6 (docosapentaenoic acid [DPA]) and C22:6n-3 (docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) were directly negatively correlated with the acrosome reaction (r = -0.982 and -0.947, respectively). In conclusion, the excessive acrosome reactions may occur by reducing the PUFAs, which may then dramatically decrease sperm fertility in pigs.

Chemical Additives in Rumen Fermentations: In Vitro Effects of Various Drugs on Rumen Volatile Fatty Acids and Protozoa

1970 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. O'Connor ◽  
G. S. Myers ◽  
D. C. Maplesden ◽  
G. W. Vander Noot
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Additives ◽  
In Vitro Effects

Testase 1 (ADAM 24) a plasma membrane-anchored sperm protease implicated in sperm function during epididymal maturation or fertilization

2001 ◽  
Vol 114 (9) ◽  
pp. 1787-1794 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Z. Zhu ◽  
D.G. Myles ◽  
P. Primakoff
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Protein Kinase C ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Phosphorylation Site ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Mature Sperm ◽  
Kinase C

Plasma membrane-anchored proteases have key roles in cell signaling, migration and refashioning the cell surface and its surroundings. We report the first example of a plasma membrane-anchored protease on mature sperm, testase 1 (ADAM 24). Unlike other studied sperm ADAMs (fertilin (α) and (β), cyritestin) whose metalloprotease domains are removed during sperm development, we found testase 1 retains an active metalloprotease domain, suggesting it acts as a protease on mature sperm. Testase 1 is a glycoprotein (molecular mass 88 kDa), localized to the equatorial region of the plasma membrane of cauda epididymal sperm. Typically, proteolytic removal of the pro-domain is an initial activation step for ADAM proteases. The pro-domain of the testase 1 precursor (108 kDa) is proteolytically removed as sperm transit the caput epididymis to produce processed (mature) testase 1 (88 kDa). Testase 1 is unique among all studied ADAMs in that its proteolytic processing occurs on the sperm plasma membrane instead of at an intracellular site (the Golgi). Using GST-fusion proteins and a synthetic testase 1 C-terminal peptide, we found that the cytoplasmic tail of testase 1 could be phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C (PKC). Thus testase 1 apparently has a cytoplasmic PKC phosphorylation site(s). Protein kinase C is known to stimulate other ADAMs' protease activity. Because events of the acrosome reaction include PKC activation, we speculate that testase 1 protease function could be important in sperm penetration of the zona pellucida after sperm PKC is activated during the acrosome reaction.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Inhibit the Function of Human URAT1, a Renal Urate Re-Absorber

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki Saito ◽  
Yu Toyoda ◽  
Tappei Takada ◽  
Hiroshi Hirata ◽  
Ami Ota-Kontani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Uricosuric Agents ◽  
Transport Assay ◽  
The Impact

The beneficial effects of fatty acids (FAs) on human health have attracted widespread interest. However, little is known about the impact of FAs on the handling of urate, the end-product of human purine metabolism, in the body. Increased serum urate levels occur in hyperuricemia, a disease that can lead to gout. In humans, urate filtered by the glomerulus of the kidney is majorly re-absorbed from primary urine into the blood via the urate transporter 1 (URAT1)-mediated pathway. URAT1 inhibition, thus, contributes to decreasing serum urate concentration by increasing net renal urate excretion. Here, we investigated the URAT1-inhibitory effects of 25 FAs that are commonly contained in foods or produced in the body. For this purpose, we conducted an in vitro transport assay using cells transiently expressing URAT1. Our results showed that unsaturated FAs, especially long-chain unsaturated FAs, inhibited URAT1 more strongly than saturated FAs. Among the tested unsaturated FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid exhibited substantial URAT1-inhibitory activities, with half maximal inhibitory concentration values of 6.0, 14.2, and 15.2 μM, respectively. Although further studies are required to investigate whether the ω-3 polyunsaturated FAs can be employed as uricosuric agents, our findings further confirm FAs as nutritionally important substances influencing human health.

scholarly journals Characterization of the unique In Vitro effects of unsaturated fatty acids on the formation of amyloid β fibrils

PLoS ONE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e0219465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Eto ◽  
Tadafumi Hashimoto ◽  
Takao Shimizu ◽  
Takeshi Iwatsubo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
In Vitro Effects

scholarly journals Localization of phosphatidylserine in boar sperm cell membranes during capacitation and acrosome reaction

Reproduction ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 130 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anke Kurz ◽  
Dagmar Viertel ◽  
Andreas Herrmann ◽  
Karin Müller
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Sperm Cell ◽  
Acrosome Reaction ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Sperm Cells ◽  
Cytoplasmic Localization ◽  
Lipid Asymmetry ◽  
Viable Cells ◽  
Boar Sperm

One of the essential properties of mammalian, including sperm, plasma membranes is a stable transversal lipid asymmetry with the aminophospholipids, phosphatidylserine (PS) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), typically in the inner, cytoplasmic leaflet. The maintenance of this nonrandom lipid distribution is important for the homeostasis of the cell. To clarify the relevance of lipid asymmetry to sperm function, we have studied the localization of PS in boar sperm cell membranes. By using labeled annexin V as a marker for PS and propidium iodide (PI) as a stain for nonviable cells in conjunction with different methods (flow cytometry, fluorescence and electron microscopy), we have assessed the surface exposure of PS in viable cells during sperm genesis, that is, before and during capacitation as well as after acrosome reaction. An approach was set up to address also the presence of PS in the outer acrosome membrane. The results show that PS is localized in the cytoplasmic leaflet of the plasma membrane as well as on the outer acrosome membrane. Our results further indicate the cytoplasmic localization of PS in the postacrosomal region. During capacitation and acrosome reaction of spermatozoa, PS does not become exposed on the outer surface of the viable cells. Only in a subpopulation of PI-positive sperm cells does PS became accessible upon capacitation. The stable cytoplasmic localization of PS in the plasma membrane, as well as in the outer acrosome membrane, is assumed to be essential for a proper genesis of sperm cells during capacitation and acrosome reaction.

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