scholarly journals Destination Climate Adaptation

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-322
Author(s):  
Nevenka Čavlek ◽  
Chris Cooper ◽  
Vanja Krajinović ◽  
Lidija Srnec ◽  
Ksenija Zaninović
Keyword(s):  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Research Note ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Climate Conditions

A key element in the product mix of destinations is climate. Climate represents a critical part of a destination’s economic and resource base such that changes in climate will trigger human responses in terms of demand and the type of activities that the climate will support. This threatens the competitiveness, sustainability, and economic viability of destinations. This research note focuses on destination adaptation to climate change that is anticipatory not reactive, based on projecting future climate scenarios for a destination and then assessing the tourism products that the future climate will support. It outlines an original data-driven approach to adaptation that is generalizable to other destinations. The research note describes an exploratory research collaboration in Croatia between tourism and climate scientists that allows, first, the modeling of a destination’s projected climate conditions and, second, the products and activities that can be supported by these climate scenarios using climate indices for tourism.

scholarly journals Forecasting the impacts of chemical pollution and climate change interactions on the health of wildlife

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 669-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela D. Noyes ◽  
Sean C. Lema
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Chemical Toxicity ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Chemical Exposures

Abstract Global climate change is impacting organisms, biological communities and ecosystems around the world. While most research has focused on characterizing how the climate is changing, including modeling future climatic conditions and predicting the impacts of these conditions on biodiversity, it is also the case that climate change is altering the environmental impacts of chemical pollution. Future climate conditions are expected to influence both the worldwide distribution of chemicals and the toxicological consequences of chemical exposures to organisms. Many of the environmental changes associated with a warming global climate (e.g., increased average – and possibly extreme – temperatures; intense periods of drier and wetter conditions; reduced ocean pH; altered salinity dynamics in estuaries) have the potential to enhance organism susceptibility to chemical toxicity. Additionally, chemical exposures themselves may impair the ability of organisms to cope with the changing environmental conditions of the shifting climate. Such reciprocity in the interactions between climate change and chemicals illustrates the complexity inherent in predicting the toxicological consequences of chemical exposures under future climate scenarios. Here, we summarize what is currently known about the potential reciprocal effects of climate change and chemical toxicity on wildlife, and depict current approaches and ongoing challenges for incorporating climate effects into chemical testing and assessment. Given the rapid pace of new man-made chemistries, the development of accurate and rapid methods to evaluate multiple chemical and non-chemical stressors in an ecologically relevant context will be critical to understanding toxic and endocrine-disrupting effects of chemical pollutants under future climate scenarios.

scholarly journals Evaluating Importation of Aquatic Ornamental Species for Biosecurity Purposes

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Atalah ◽  
Ian C. Davidson ◽  
Maike Thoene ◽  
Eugene Georgiades ◽  
Kate S. Hutson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Industry Growth ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Regulatory Decision ◽  
Ornamental Species

The aquatic ornamental species (AOS) trade is a significant pathway for the introduction and establishment of non-indigenous species into aquatic environments. The likelihood of such occurrences is expected to increase worldwide as industry growth continues and warmer conditions emerge under future climate scenarios. This study used recent (2015 – 2019) New Zealand importation data to determine the composition, diversity, abundance, and arrival frequency of AOS. Our analysis revealed that ca. 300,000 aquatic ornamental individuals are imported annually to New Zealand, with freshwater fish comprising 98% of import quantities. Despite the relatively small market size, the estimated AOS diversity of 865 taxa (89 and 9.5% identified to species and genus level, respectively) is comparable to larger markets with ∼60% of taxa being of marine origin. Species (n = 20) for further investigation were prioritized based on quantity and frequency of import. These prioritized AOS were exclusively tropical and subtropical freshwater fish and align with the most frequently imported AOS globally, including the top three: neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesi), guppy (Poecilia reticulata), and tiger barb (Puntigrus tetrazona). Species distribution modeling of the 20 prioritized AOS predicted that 13 species are suitable for New Zealand’s current climate conditions, most notably sucker-belly loach (Pseudogastromyzon myersi), white cloud mountain minnow (Tanichthys albonubes), and golden otocinclus (Macrotocinclus affinis). Potential changes in habitat suitability were predicted under future climate scenarios, with largest increases (29%) for Po. reticulata. The described approach provides an adaptable framework to assess establishment likelihood of imported AOS to inform regulatory decision making.

scholarly journals The centrality of engineering codes and risk-based design standards in climate adaptation strategies

Water Policy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. 106-127
Author(s):  
Eugene Z. Stakhiv
Keyword(s):  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Engineering codes, design standards and analytical criteria for hydraulic structures are the final determinative specifications for designing and constructing a water resources project. As such, they are the authoritative and legally accepted standards for project design and construction. Engineering codes and standards are developed to optimize public safety and performance by focusing on structural reliability, which includes a wide range of extreme conditions that encompass most contemporary climate uncertainties, and which are likely to overlap some portion of future climate non-stationary conditions. Current practices of risk-based planning and design standards have evolved incrementally, responding to each catastrophic natural disaster, whether it is geotechnical, floods, droughts or hurricanes. Design standards and building codes encompass an accumulation of changes that progressively reflect changing climate conditions, most notably because they focus on climate extremes. Design standards and embedded ‘safety factors’ that are based on extremes are likely to encompass a good deal of an anticipated non-stationary climate regime and its associated uncertainties. Modern risk analysis methods and risk-based standards, codes and methods comprise an important part of a progressive autonomous adaptation to climate change. They represent an essential component of ‘no regrets’ climate adaptation.

scholarly journals Winter precipitation and cyclones in the Mediterranean region: future climate scenarios in a regional simulation

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Lionello ◽  
F. Giorgi
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Cyclone Activity ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
The Mediterranean

Abstract. Future climate projections show higher/lower winter (Dec-Jan-Feb) precipitation in the northern/southern Mediterranean region than in present climate conditions. This paper analyzes the results of regional model simulations of the A2 and B2 scenarios, which confirm this opposite precipitation change and link it to the change of cyclone activity. The increase of the winter cyclone activity in future climate scenarios over western Europe is responsible for the larger precipitation at the northern coast of the basin, though the bulk of the change is located outside the Mediterranean region. The reduction of cyclone activity inside the Mediterranean region in future scenarios is responsible for the lower precipitation at the southern and eastern Mediterranean coast.

scholarly journals Assessing the Quality of Knowledge for Adaptation–Experiences From Co-designing Climate Services in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin André ◽  
Linn Järnberg ◽  
Åsa Gerger Swartling ◽  
Peter Berg ◽  
David Segersson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Design Process ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation Planning ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Climate Services

Adaptation to climate change is becoming more urgent, but the wealth of knowledge that informs adaptation planning and decision-making is not used to its full potential. Top-down approaches to knowledge production are identified as one important reason for the gap between science and practice and are criticized for not meeting the needs of intended users. In response to this challenge, there is a growing interest in the creation of user-oriented and actionable climate services to support adaptation. At the same time, recent research suggests that greater efforts are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of knowledge co-production processes and the best criteria by which to gauge the quality of knowledge outcomes, while also considering different stakeholder perspectives. This paper explores these issues through a critical assessment of the quality of knowledge for adaptation generated from a climate services co-design process in two case studies in Sweden. The study draws on experiences from a 5-year research collaboration in which natural and social science researchers, together with local stakeholders, co-designed climate services to support climate adaptation planning and decision-making. The well-established knowledge quality criteria of credibility, legitimacy, saliency, usability, and usefulness remain relevant, but are not sufficient to capture factors relating to whether and how the knowledge actually is applied by climate change adaptation planners and decision-makers. We observe that case-specific circumstances beyond the scope of the co-design process, including the decision-making context as well as non-tangible outcomes, also play crucial roles that should be accounted for in the knowledge assessment processes.

scholarly journals The Role of Climate Factors in Shaping China’s Crop Mix: An Empirical Exploration

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuquan Zhang ◽  
Jianhong Mu ◽  
Mark Musumba ◽  
Bruce McCarl ◽  
Xiaokun Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Factors ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Specialty Crops ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Mainland Chinese

A prominent agricultural adaptation to climate change consists in shifting crop mixes toward the poles or upward in elevation. This paper examines the extent to which climate factors have shifted regional crop mixes in China and forecasts how future crop mixes might change under selected climate scenarios. Using a data set that provides planted area shares for each crop in each mainland Chinese province from 2001 to 2013, we employ a fractional multinomial logit (FMLOGIT) model to examine the influence of climate on regional crop mixes under historical as well as future climate conditions. Results show that temperature increases are projected to raise the incidence of wheat and tubers while reducing that for rice and maize, which is conventional food security crops. Moreover, cash crops such as vegetables and orchards and fiber-producing crops will increase, whereas oil-bearing crops and specialty crops will decrease. This paper is the first of its kind to examine climate impacts on the regional portfolio of crop mixes across Mainland China. The findings have important implications for foreseeing needed efforts to maintain food production in the face of future climate change and pointing out cases where adaptation efforts may be desirable.

scholarly journals The Study of Drought in Future Climate Scenarios in the Huang-Huai-Hai Region

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3474
Author(s):  
Gengmin Jiang ◽  
Xiaobo Gu ◽  
Dongsheng Zhao ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Changkun Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Climate Scenarios ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Gas Concentration ◽  
The Future ◽  
Reference Crop

In the context of global warming, agricultural production and social and economic development are significantly affected by drought. The future change of climate conditions is uncertain; thus, it is of great importance to clarify the aspects of drought in order to define local and regional drought adaptation strategies. In this study, the meteorological data from 1976 to 2005 was used as a historical reference, and nine Global Climate Models (GCMs), downscaling to meteorological stations from 2039 to 2089, were used as future climate data. Based on Penman–Monteith, the reference crop Evapotranspiration (ET0) and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) of the reference crop in three emission scenarios of RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5, under future climate conditions, were calculated. A non-parameter Mann–Kendall trend test was performed on temperature, precipitation, ET0, and SPEI to analyze the drought spatiotemporal distribution traits under upcoming climate scenarios. The results showed that, under future climate conditions, SPEI values in most areas of the Huang-Huai-Hai region would continuously increase year by year, and drought would be alleviated to some extent at the same pace. However, with the increase of greenhouse gas concentration in the emission scenarios, SPEI values continued to decline. In the RCP8.5 scenario, the area of severe drought was large. To sum up, in the future climate scenario, the degree of drought in the Huang-Huai-Hai region will be alleviated to some extent with the increase of rainfall, but with the increase of greenhouse gas concentration, the degree of drought will be further intensified, posing a huge challenge to agricultural water use in the region. This study provides a theoretical foundation for alleviating drought in the Huang-Huai-Hai region in future climate scenarios.

Comparative Analysis of The Role of Gender in Climate Change Adaptation Between Kajiado And Kiambu County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Abdimajid Nunow ◽  
Nzioka J. Muthama ◽  
Ininda J. Mwalichi ◽  
Kinama Josiah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Gender Disparity ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Dry Conditions

Many studies on adaptation to a changing climate have been undertaken across the world Kenya included. However, comparative analysis of gender in relationship to climate adaptation is poorly documented. This study therefore investigated how gender impacts community based adaptation to climate change in Kajiado County, representing mainly pastoral/ASAL regions of Kenya characterized by dry conditions and falling between agro climatic zones IV-VII and Kiambu County, representing mainly farming/highland regions of Kenya characterized by wet conditions and falling under agro climatic zones of between I-III. The study applied systematic random sampling to identify 312 households for interviews. Purposive random sampling was applied where fourteen key informant interviews were done together with six Focus Group Discussions involving three groups of men only, women only and inclusive one to verify information from the individual interviews within the selected communities. The results are comparative analysis of how communities in two different agro-ecological zones (AEZs) adapted to climate change coupled with declining resource base while operating on unequal gender dynamics. The assumption of the study was change in climate in Kajiado and Kiambu County would lead to increased food insecurity and gender disparity. Respondents from both Counties experienced increased drought periods, reduced rainfall patterns thus negatively impacting their livelihood sources. However, there is more gender disparity in Kajiado than Kiambu and also climate change has execrated the situation thus undermining efforts toward food security.

The Methow Beaver Project: the Challenges of an Ecosystem Services Experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Philip Brick ◽  
Kent Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Climate Adaptation ◽  
Castor Canadensis ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Natural Resource Policy ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Climate Conditions

This case explores the Methow Beaver Project (MBP), an ambitious experiment to restore beaver (Castor canadensis) to a high mountain watershed in Washington State, USA. The Pacific Northwest is already experiencing weather regimes consistent with longer term climate projections, which predict longer and drier summers and stronger and wetter winter storms. Ironically, this combination makes imperative more water storage in one of the most heavily dammed regions in the nation. Although the positive role that beaver can play in watershed enhancement has been well known for decades, no project has previously attempted to re-introduce beaver on a watershed scale with a rigorous monitoring protocol designed to document improved water storage and temperature conditions needed for human uses and aquatic species. While the MBP has demonstrated that beaver can be re-introduced on a watershed scale, it has been much more difficult to scientifically demonstrate positive changes in water retention and stream temperature, given hydrologic complexity, unprecedented fire and floods, and the fact that beaver are highly mobile. This case study can help environmental studies students and natural resource policy professionals think about the broader challenges of diffuse, ecosystem services approaches to climate adaptation. Beaver-produced watershed improvements will remain difficult to quantify and verify, and thus will likely remain less attractive to water planners than conventional storage dams. But as climate conditions put additional pressure on such infrastructure, it is worth considering how beaver might be employed to augment watershed storage capacity, even if this capacity is likely to remain at least in part inscrutable.

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