The Role of Xylitol Gum Chewing in Restoring Postoperative Bowel Activity After Cesarean Section

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Tao Lee ◽  
Mei-Hui Hsieh ◽  
Po-Jen Cheng ◽  
Jr-Rung Lin
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bowel Sounds ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Times ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Hoc

Aims: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of xylitol gum chewing on gastrointestinal recovery after cesarean section. Methods: Women who underwent cesarean section ( N = 120) were randomly allocated into Group A (xylitol gum), Group B (nonxylitol gum), or the control group (no chewing gum). Every 2 hr post-cesarean section and until first flatus, Groups A and B received two pellets of chewing gum and were asked to chew for 15 min. The times to first bowel sounds, first flatus, and first defecation were then compared among the three groups. Results: Group A had the shortest mean time to first bowel sounds (6.9 ± 1.7 hr), followed by Group B (8 ± 1.6 hr) and the control group (12.8 ± 2.5 hr; one-way analysis of variance, p < .001; Scheffe’s post hoc comparisons, p < .05). The gum-chewing groups demonstrated a faster return of flatus than the control group did ( p < .001), but the time to flatus did not differ significantly between the gum-chewing groups. Additionally, the differences in the time to first defecation were not significant. Conclusion: After cesarean section, chewing gum increased participants’ return of bowel activity, as measured by the appearance of bowel sounds and the passage of flatus. In this context, xylitol-containing gum may be superior to xylitol-free gum.

scholarly journals Impact of gum chewing on recovery of bowel activity after caesarean section

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1132
Author(s):  
Manisha . ◽  
Nirmala Duhan
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bowel Sound ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Chewing Gums ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Mean Time

Background: Childbirth is a memorable part in every woman’s life. Each labour experience is unique and calls for a celebration. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of gum chewing on recovery of bowel motility after caesarean section.Methods: This prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted on 220 women who had undergone cesarean section and were further sub-divided into two groups of 110 women each Group I (Study group, n=110) in whom chewing gum was advised postoperatively and Group II (Control group, n=110)  who were managed as per standard departmental postoperative feeding protocol.Results: Mean age in Group A women was 24.86±3.89 years and 25.28±3.34 years in Group B. There was no statistically significant difference between the study and control group regarding their age, parity, occupation, LSCS/previous abdominal surgery, type of cesarean section, indications of cesarean section, skin incision, intraperitoneal adhesions. The mean time of bowel sound appearance in Group A was 3.27±0.95 and it was 8.22±2.0 hours in Group B. The mean time of passage of flatus was found to be 9.77±3.21 hours in Group A and 7.15±3.07 hours in Group B. In Group A, the mean time of passage of stools was 18.79±4.23 hours and it was 39.12±6.56 hours in Group B. Mean duration of hospital stay was significantly lesser (3.23±0.60 days) in gum chewing group than in the non-gum chewing group (4.18±1.28 days).  Seventy-six (69.09%) women of Group A needed only one chewing gum before appearance of bowel sound / flatus / feces. Only three women required three chewing gums. Out of 31 cases, who required two chewing gums, five were of previous 1 LSCS and 12 were previous 2 LSCS, thus suggesting delayed return of gut motility in women with > 1 previous LSCS.Conclusions: It was evident that gum chewing, a form of sham feeding is considered as an effective and inexpensive method which hastens the return of gut motility after caesarean section.

Effect of Chewing Gum on Bowel Motility in Women Undergoing Post-Operative Cesarean Section

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Randa Mohammed AboBaker
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Length Of Hospital Stay ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Bowel Motility ◽  
Gum Chewing ◽  
Significant Difference

Postoperative Ileus (POI) is one of the most common problems after obstetrics, gynecologic and abdominal surgeries. Sham feeding, such as gum chewing, accelerates the return of bowel function and the length of hospital stay. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of chewing gum on bowel motility in women undergoing post-operative cesarean section. Intervention study was used at the Postpartum Department of Maternity and Children Hospital, KSA. A randomized controlled clinical trial research design. Through a convenience technique, 80 post Caesarian Section (CS) women were included in the study. Data were collected through three tools: Tool (I): Socio-demographic data and reproductive history interview schedule. Tool (II): Postoperative Assessment Sheet. Tool (III): Outcomes of gum chewing and the length of hospital stay.  Method: subjects were assigned randomly into two groups of (40) the experimental and (40) the control. Subjects in the study group were asked to chew two pieces of sugarless gum for 30 min/three times daily in the morning, noon, and evening immediately after recovery from anesthesia and in Postpartum Department; while subjects in the control group followed the hospital routine care. Each woman in both groups was tested abdominally using a stethoscope to auscultate the bowel sounds and asked to report immediately the time of either passing flatus or stool. Results: illustrated that a highly statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups concerning their gum chewing outcomes. Where, P = 0.000. The study concluded that gum chewing is safe, well tolerated and appears to be effective in reducing the incidence and consequences of POI following CS.

Effect Of Citrullus Lanatus Juice On Hemoglobin, Red Blood Cells And Liver Enzyme; An Experimental Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. 257-260
Author(s):  
Shahid Ali ◽  
Nuzhat Sultana ◽  
Muslim Abbas ◽  
Zareen Naz ◽  
Muhammad Akbar Hassan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Liver Enzyme ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: To determine effect of citrullus lanatus juice on hemoglobin and Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) level. Study design and setting: It was an experimental study conducted on healthy rabbits for sixty days in the research department of pharmacy University of Karachi. Methodology: Current study was planned to evaluate effect of Citrullus lanatus juice on red blood cells, hemoglobin and liver enzyme. 60 days study was performed at 2 different doses i.e 3and 6ml/kg on rabbits. These rabbits were from either gender and were divided into 3 groups their weight ranges from 1200 to 1800 grams. Group A is control group (Normal saline 6ml/kg), Group B is treated group (3 ml/kg), Group C is treated group (6ml/kg). After taking mean of all values they are compared with control group. Significance of mean can be estimated by Tukes Post Hoc Test. P<0.05 estimated as significant. Results: It was found that count of red blood cells rises significantly along with rise in hemoglobin level. As far as liver enzyme serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) was concerned its concentration decreases slightly. Conclusion: Citrullus lanatus juice contain ingredients which are important for RBC hemoglobin and synthesis .It also contains important antioxidants that have organoprotective role due to which SGPT level decreases even in healthy animals as compared to control groups

High-Dose Chemotherapy in Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma: Favorable Long-Term Outcome for Extrapulmonary Primary Localization.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3075-3075
Author(s):  
Antonia M.S. Mueller ◽  
Alex Kuehnemund ◽  
Monika Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Primary Localization

Abstract Small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (SCNC) are composed of round to spindle-shaped cells with features of both neuroendocrine and epithelial neoplasms. SCNC can be found in basically all epitheloid organs; however, the vast majority arises in the lung, while extrapulmonary (EP) localization is rare. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and EP SCNC are considered one histological entity and are treated similarly. Despite the high initial response to chemo- and radiotherapy, most patients relapse after short remission, and overall prognosis is dismal. Clinical trials employing high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (auto-SCT) neither demonstrated a clear benefit nor clarified its significance in SCLC. The role of intensified treatment in EP SCNC has not been specifically addressed in detail. Conversely to SCLC, some subgroup analyses indicated that patients with EP SCNC might benefit from intensive treatment. We analyzed a total of 22 patients: 8 with EP SCNC (group A; m:f 3:5; median age 36 years (y) [range 22–56]) and 14 patients with SCLC (group B; m:f 10:4; median age 55 y [40–63]), all undergoing HDCT with auto-SCT at our single center from 07/90–01/05. A control group C consisted of 30 patients with EP SCNC (m:f 21:9, median age 66 years [32–81], who received different standard treatments without auto-SCT. All group A patients had stage IV disease (liver n=5, lymph nodes n=4, pancreas n=1, orbita n=1, bone n=1, kidney n=1). Two of these patients received additional local radiotherapy. In group B, 7 patients had limited and 7 patients extensive disease, (stage I (n=1), II (n=2), III (n=10), IV (n=1). HDCT with VIC (etoposide, ifosfamide, carboplatin; n=21), or CCT (carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, thiotepa; n=1) was followed by infusion of a median 3.2x10^6 CD34+ cells. Prophylactic radiotherapy was performed in 12 patients (mediastinum n=11; brain n=10). With a median follow-up (FU) of 48 months (7–152) for group A and 85 months (0–170) for group B, 5/8 (63%) of patients with EP SCNC (group A) are alive and in complete remission (CR), compared to 5/14 (36%) SCLC patients (group B). Best response ever achieved after HDCT was a CR in 5/8 (63%), a partial remission (PR) in 2/8 (25%) and stable disease (SD) in 1/8 (12%) in group A. In group B, a CR was attained in 11/14 (79%), a PR and a SD in 1/14 (7%) patients, respectively. In the conventionally treated control group C, a transient PR was achieved in 5/30 (16%), and after a median FU of 9.7 months, only 2/30 (6.7%) EP SCNC patients are alive. Our analysis suggests that selected SCNC patients may benefit from HDCT, particularly when integrated into multimodal treatment concepts. The remarkably favorable outcome in patients with EP primary site, even when HDCT was implemented as salvage treatment warrants further studies on the role of HDCT in SCNC. Careful attention will have to be paid to prognostic clinical features, such as primary site and/or histological parameters including neuroendocrine marker profiles and mitotic indices. These may help to predict which patients will benefit from intensified treatment. In addition, further histological studies should address the identification of markers specific for lung- vs. extrapulmonary primary localization. For this purpose all available tumor tissue from our study is currently under histological re-analysis, assessing the expression of the novel tumor testis antigens.

scholarly journals Convergence, Accommodation, Fusion, and Stereopsis: What Keeps the Eyes Aligned in Intermittent Exotropia?

Scientifica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Costantino Schiavi ◽  
Valentina Di Croce ◽  
Laura Primavera ◽  
Filippo Tassi
Keyword(s):  
Patient Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intermittent Exotropia ◽  
Myopic Shift ◽  
Infrared Video ◽  
Group A ◽  
Angle Of Deviation ◽  
Convergence And Divergence ◽  
Group B

Purpose. To investigate the relationships between angle of deviation, fusional convergence and divergence amplitude, AC/A ratio, near point of convergence (NPC), and myopia-phoria in intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods. 93 patients with IXT, divided into two groups, were recruited in the study. In Group A (73 patients), fusional convergence and divergence amplitudes, NPC, and AC/A ratio were studied and compared with a control group. In Group B (in 20 patients), myopia-phoria while switching from monocular to binocular view was studied with an infrared video retinoscopy and compared with a control group. Results. In Group A, positive fusional amplitudes, NPC, and AC/A ratio of IXT patients did not differ from those of normals. Negative fusional amplitudes were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group. In Group B, myopic shift was statistically significantly higher in the patient group and there was a statistically significant positive correlation between myopic shift and angle of strabismus. Conclusions. Apart from the role of fusional convergence which accounts for myopia-phoria, that of the other binocular functions in the control at near of IXT and conversely their specific role in the pathogenesis of IXT remain unclear and the cause of divergent infantile strabismus is still unknown.

scholarly journals To assess the role of lingual flap for the removal of lower wisdom tooth.

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (08) ◽  
pp. 1656-1663
Author(s):  
Noman Ahmed ◽  
Almas Rahoojo ◽  
Syed Zafar Abbas ◽  
Syed Ghazanfar Hassan ◽  
Zunair Memon
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Lingual Nerve ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Wisdom Tooth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Objectives: To assess the role of lingual flap in encountering lingual nerve injury during the surgical elimination of lower wisdom tooth. Study Design: Cross Sectional Case Control study. Setting: Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro / Hyderabad. Period: January 2016 to September 2016. Material & Methods: Subjects were categorized into two categories: Group-A (lingual flap) & group-B (control group) each having 52 patients by Lottery method. In group A an envelope mucoperiosteal flap followed by lingual flap elevation carried out and in group B only envelope flap was carried out. All patients were reviewed on the first postoperative day and again 1 and 3rd week after surgery. At each postoperative visit, patient was examined for sensory nerve impairment of the lingual nerve by same observer. Results: Total 104 cases were studied, all the cases categorized among two groups 52 in each group. In group-A 34 were males and 18 were females, while in group-B 44 were male and 8 were females. There was no significant difference among both groups according to the pre-operative assessment. According to objective findings, lingual nerve paresthesia was found among 2 cases of group A on 1st visit, while no any case was found with nerve injury in group B. Out of 2 cases, one case was improved and only one had presented with complain at 2nd visit and 3rd visit, no significant difference among both groups, p-values were quite insignificant. Conclusion: It was concluded that lingual nerve injury (LNI) occurred among few cases of lingual flap group which was insignificantly higher as compare to control group, but the nature of injury was temporary.

Role of microRNA-24 Transfection Mediated by Silica Nanoparticles in Apoptosis of Cardiomyocyte

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-462
Author(s):  
Zonghu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Transfection Efficiency ◽  
Cell Uptake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

To explore the role of micro RNA-24 (miR-24) mediated by silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) modified by polyethyleneimine (PEI) on apoptosis of cardiomyocyte induced by H2O2, in this study, PEI was selected to modify the surface of SiNPs to obtain F-SiNPs, which were combined with miR-24 through electrostatic adsorption to form F-SiNPs-miR-24. Through characterization, the particle size, charge amount, and microstructure were studied. Then, the CCK-8 method was adopted to detect the toxicity of F-SiNPs on cardiomyocytes, and the cell uptake experiment was performed to analyze the transfection efficiency of F-SiNPs-miR-24 gene. There were 4 groups in vitro transfection experiment: the control group (A), the H2O2 group (B), the miR-24 inhibitor group (C), and miR-24 analog group (D). After that, RT-PCR was adopted to detect the expression of miR-24, Western blotting was used to detect the expression of target protein Bim, and the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was analyzed by TUNEL staining. The results showed that the particle size of SiNPs was mainly distributed in the range of 40-60 nm, the mass ratio of SiNPs:DSP-PEI was 1:1, and the potential was 20.15 ±2.04 (mv) to construct functionalized nanoparticles. Cell uptake experiments showed that the gene transfection efficiency reached over 85%. In contrast with group A, the expression of miR-24 in B and C was obviously reduced, and that in D was obviously increased (P < 0.05). In contrast with group B, the expression of miR-24 in C was obviously reduced, and that in D was obviously increased (P < 0.05). The expression level of protein Bim in groups B and C was obviously higher than A (P < 0.05). In contrast with group A, the TUNEL-positive staining cells in C increased obviously and were bright green, while those in B were obviously reduced. In conclusion, the F-SiNPs formed after energetic modification have good biocompatibility and strong transfection ability, and their miR-24 transfection can inhibit H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis and increase the survival rate of cardiomyocytes.

scholarly journals Prediction of the relationship of cesarean section scar niche and postmenstrual spotting: is there any relation?

2022 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirollos Wagdy Bandry ◽  
Hisham Abou-Taleb ◽  
Gehan S. Seifeldein ◽  
Mohamad Gaber Taha ◽  
Omran Khodary Qenawy
Keyword(s):  
Cesarean Section ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Group A ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Group B ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
B 31 ◽  
Scar Width

Abstract Background Postmenstrual spotting has recently been related to a discontinuation of the myometrium at the site of a previous cesarean section called "CS scar niche". There was no consensus regarding the gold standard method for the assessment of the niche. Recently, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown promise in the evaluation of the niche. Our study aims to assess the role of MRI in the evaluation of the CS scar niche characters and its association with post-menstrual spotting. Results A total of 65 patients with CS niche were prospectively included in this study and subdivided into two groups, according to presence or absence of postmenstrual spotting (Group A; 34 patients with postmenstrual spotting and Group B; 31 patients without spotting). All patients were examined using a 1.5 T MRI unit. CS scar niche volume was significantly higher among women with post-menstrual spotting (0.57 ± 0.07 vs. 0.07 ± 0.05 (cm3); P < 0.001). Also, women with post-menstrual spotting have significantly higher scar length (9.38 ± 3.06 vs. 5.02 ± 2.10 (mm); P < 0.001), scar depth (6.95 ± 3.16 vs. 3.23 ± 0.99 (mm); P < 0.001), scar width (15.78 ± 3.94 vs. 9.87 ± 1.84 (mm); P < 0.001) in comparison to those without post-menstrual spotting. Scar depth (> 7.4 mm) had 81% sensitivity and 97% specificity for prediction of post-menstrual spotting with overall accuracy was 88.7%. While scar width (> 12.8 mm) had 71% sensitivity and 97% specificity for prediction of post-menstrual spotting with overall accuracy was 83.3%. Scar volume (> 0.15 cm3) had 97% sensitivity and 100% specificity for prediction of post-menstrual spotting with overall accuracy was 98.4%. Conclusion MRI measures (CS scar volume, depth, and width) are predictors for postmenstrual spotting in patients with CS scar niche, and scar volume is the most powerful predictor.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ADJUVANT MELATONIN WITH CLOMIPHENE CITRATE ON OVULATORY AND FERTILITY RATES IN PCOS INFERTILE PATIENTS.

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
Meenal Jain ◽  
Richa Singh ◽  
Rachna Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Clomiphene Citrate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fertility Rates ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Group B ◽  
Oxidant Effect

AIM: To study the effect of adjuvant melatonin with clomiphene citrate on ovulution and fertility rates in infertile PCO patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 107 cases participated in the study out of which 7 women were excluded from the study. So the results of 100 women were analyzed. Out of 100 women 50 were of group A i.e. clomiphene supplemented with melatonin group and 50 were in group B which was clomiphene only group with no supplementation. Cases were followed for three cycles and pregnancy rates in both groups were evaluated. RESULTS: Study demonstrated the potential benefit of melatonin supplementation in naturally conceived cycles where ovulation induction was given by en-clomiphene citrate. The ovulation rates were comparable in both study Vs control group (68% Vs 66%) while there was increase in pregnancy rate in melatonin group (36% Vs 24%). However difference between pregnancy rates in both the groups failed to reach statistically significant levels (p value 0.4065). CONCLUSION: The adjuvant role of melatonin with en-clomiphene citrate in cases of Infertile PCO patients is in improving pregnancy rates; which is due to strong anti-oxidant effect of melatonin which in turn reduces oxidative stress thus resulting in good quality oocyte production.

scholarly journals Role of Flutamide on Acinar Diameter in Testosterone Induced Prostatic Hyperplasia

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Md. A Rahman ◽  
H Naushaba ◽  
Md. N Ahmed ◽  
Md. M Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Group A ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Long Evans ◽  
Group B ◽  
Control Group Group

Testosterone is the male sex hormone responsible for growth of secondary sexual characters and accessory sex organs. Despite the effectiveness as a male sex i101711011C, testosterone causes benign preemie hyperplasia (BPH) resulting in urinary dysfinction. On the other hand. Bromide is a pure anthestosterone, which blockw the effects of dihydnoestosterone (DHT)at the testosterone receptor and presents BM. The objective of the study was to observe the effects of flutamide on testosterone induced promatic hypetplasia in Long Evans rats. This experimental study was carried or I e Department of Anatomy. Sir Salimullah Medical College. Dhaka from January to December 2006. Forty five matured male Long Evans rats of age 8-10 weeks and weighing 200-300 gnu were used in this study. They were divided into three equal groups. Group A was vehicle (olive oil) control group. Group B was testosterone treated group and Group C was testosterone and flu:amide treated group. Comparative study in different groups were done microscopically. There was significant reduction (p<0.001) qproslatic hypetplasia. The mean diameter of acini of prostate in flutamide treated rats was loner than the testosterone treated rats. It can be concluded from this study that flatamide is an effective drug against testosterone induced prostatic hyperplasia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document