A review of vitamin D supplementation as disease-modifying therapy

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and a major contributor to disability of young adults in western countries. MS prevalence is highest in areas with low vitamin D. Vitamin D is a fat-soluble compound with numerous physiologic responses, including immune regulation. An increasing volume of work suggests that lower levels of serum vitamin D are associated with an increased risk of MS and a more severe disease course. With the suggestion of a role in MS disease activity, increasing attention is being paid to the potential of using vitamin D as an add-on therapy to established MS disease-modifying therapies. Several preliminary studies have reported results which have shown some promise, but none has yet provided significant evidence of a clinically meaningful improvement. We review our recommendations for off-label supplementation in the context of these findings.

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Rapid and Effective Vitamin D Supplementation May Present Better Clinical Outcomes in COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) Patients by Altering Serum INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, Cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13114047 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 4047

Author(s):

Mustafa Sait Gönen ◽

Merve Alaylıoğlu ◽

Emre Durcan ◽

Yusuf Özdemir ◽

Serdar Şahin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Vitamin D Metabolism ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Background: We aimed to establish an acute treatment protocol to increase serum vitamin D, evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D3 supplementation, and reveal the potential mechanisms in COVID-19. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 867 COVID-19 cases. Then, a prospective study was conducted, including 23 healthy individuals and 210 cases. A total of 163 cases had vitamin D supplementation, and 95 were followed for 14 days. Clinical outcomes, routine blood biomarkers, serum levels of vitamin D metabolism, and action mechanism-related parameters were evaluated. Results: Our treatment protocol increased the serum 25OHD levels significantly to above 30 ng/mL within two weeks. COVID-19 cases (no comorbidities, no vitamin D treatment, 25OHD <30 ng/mL) had 1.9-fold increased risk of having hospitalization longer than 8 days compared with the cases with comorbidities and vitamin D treatment. Having vitamin D treatment decreased the mortality rate by 2.14 times. The correlation analysis of specific serum biomarkers with 25OHD indicated that the vitamin D action in COVID-19 might involve regulation of INOS1, IL1B, IFNg, cathelicidin-LL37, and ICAM1. Conclusions: Vitamin D treatment shortened hospital stay and decreased mortality in COVID-19 cases, even in the existence of comorbidities. Vitamin D supplementation is effective on various target parameters; therefore, it is essential for COVID-19 treatment.

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Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and effect of vitamin D supplementation on feto-maternal outcome in tertiary care centre

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184939 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 4912

Author(s):

Munmun Yadav ◽

Mahendra Kumar Verma ◽

Mohan Bairwa ◽

Govardhan Meena ◽

Lata Rajoria

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Risk Of Preeclampsia

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is widely prevalent throughout the world. Pregnant women, neonates and infants form most vulnerable groups for vitamin D deficiency. Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy has been reported to cause various fetomaternal effect, i.e. increased risk of preeclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), caesarean section, hypocalcemia, subclinical myopathy, neonatal tetany, hyperbilirubinemia congenital rickets and infantile rickets, etc. Only few Indian studies are available in this regard. The objectives are to find prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnant women and to evaluate the effect of supplementation with cholecalciferol in improving vitamin D levels in pregnant women and evaluate its correlation with feto-maternal outcome.Methods: A prospective observational was conducted on 120 Pregnant women on their first visit to hospital irrespective of gestational age were offered the test and on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria are included in study and vitamin D level was done to know the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency. Apart from routine obstetrical investigation, serum vitamin D (total) level was estimated. All results were recorded and analyzed statically.Results: Out of 120 patients 101 (84.1%) were found to be vitamin D deficient. Mean age of vitamin D deficient group was 28.31±3.86 and sufficient group was 26.37±2.83.81 (67.5%) were vegetarian and 39 (32.5%) were nonvegetarian.75 (92.59%) vegetarian and 26 (66.66%) non-vegetarian found to be vitamin D deficient. (p<0.05). Vitamin D supplementation has been observed to reduce risk of preeclampsia. (p<0.05) and vitamin D sufficiency associated with reduced risk of low birth weight babies.Conclusions: Vitamin D supplementation reduces risk of maternal comorbidities and helps improve neonatal outcomes.

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Both high and low serum vitamin D concentrations are associated with tuberculosis: a case–control study in Greenland

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114510002333 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 104 (10) ◽

pp. 1487-1491 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Nina O. Nielsen ◽

Turid Skifte ◽

Mikael Andersson ◽

Jan Wohlfahrt ◽

Bolette Søborg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Interferon Γ ◽

Case Control ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Positive Tuberculin Skin Test ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with increased risk of tuberculosis (TB). Changes from a traditional to a Westernised diet among Greenlanders have resulted in reduced serum vitamin D, leading to considerations of whether preventive vitamin D supplementation should be introduced. The association between vitamin D status and TB was examined to assess the feasibility of vitamin D supplementation in Greenland. This was examined in a case–control study involving seventy-two matched pairs of TB patients (cases) and controls aged 8–74 years. Cases were diagnosed with TB during 2004–6 based on clinical findings in combination with either (1) positiveMycobacterium tuberculosisculture, (2) characteristic X-ray abnormalities together with a positive tuberculin skin test or a positive interferon-γ release assay or (3) characteristic histology. Controls were individually matched on age ( ± 5 years), sex and district. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations were measured and OR of TB were the outcome. Compared with individuals with 25(OH)D concentrations between 75 and 140 nmol/l, individuals with concentrations < 75 nmol/l (OR 6·5; 95 % CI 1·8, 23·5) or>140 nmol/l (OR 6·5; 95 % CI 1·9, 22·2) had higher risks of active TB (P = 0·003; adjustment for alcohol and ethnicity). Supplementing individuals with low vitamin D to normalise serum 25(OH)D concentrations was estimated to result in a 29 % reduction in the number of TB cases. The study indicated that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial to individuals with insufficient vitamin D concentrations but may increase the risk of TB among individuals with normal or high concentrations.

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Effect of Serum Vitamin D Levels on Cardiovascular Mortality and Cardiovascular Disease Risk

Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1177/2156587212453050 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 206-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aaron S. Bennion ◽

Karlen E. Luthy ◽

Donna S. Freeborn ◽

Renea L. Beckstrand

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Vitamin D Receptors ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels

Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent across all geographic areas, age groups, and seasons and is increasing in incidence. Vitamin D receptors have been found to be present in almost every body cell and tissue. Clinical research has alluded to a preventive effect of vitamin D supplementation on cardiovascular disorders such as myocardial infarction, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, a low serum vitamin D level has been associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. This article examines the association between serum vitamin D levels and cardiovascular disease mortality and risk.

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Evaluation of the hormonal and biochemical changes in obese and non-obese PCOS Iraqi women before and after vitamin D supplementation

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology ◽

10.25258/ijddt.v9i3.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (o3) ◽

Author(s):

Suaad Muhssen Ghazi ◽

Fatin Shallal Farhan

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Follicular Development ◽

High Body Mass Index ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

The Body ◽

Obese People ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Before And After ◽

Granulose Cells

Vitamin D deficiency is common in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Vitamin D plays an important physiologic role in reproductive functions of ovarian follicular development and luteinization through altering anti-müllerian hormone signaling, follicular stimulating hormone activity and progesterone production in human granulose cells. Vitamin D is precipitated in adipose fat tissues, making it notable to be used for the body as a result; obese people with high body mass index are already highly expected to have low levels of serum vitamin D.

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Using genetic variants to evaluate the causal effect of serum vitamin D concentration on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and hospitalization traits: a Mendelian randomization study

Journal of Translational Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12967-021-02973-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhiyong Cui ◽

Yun Tian

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Mendelian Randomization ◽

Causal Effect ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Global Test ◽

Serum Vitamin D

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has struck globally and is exerting a devastating toll on humans. The pandemic has led to calls for widespread vitamin D supplementation in public. However, evidence supporting the role of vitamin D in the COVID-19 pandemic remains controversial. Methods We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to analyze the causal effect of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration on COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and hospitalization traits by using summary-level GWAS data. The causal associations were estimated with inverse variance weighted (IVW) with fixed effects (IVW-fixed) and random effects (IVW-random), MR-Egger, weighted edian and MR Robust Adjusted Profile Score (MR.RAPS) methods. We further applied the MR Steiger filtering method, MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO) global test and PhenoScanner tool to check and remove single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were horizontally pleiotropic. Results We found no evidence to support the causal associations between the serum 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of COVID-19 susceptibility [IVW-fixed: odds ratio (OR) = 0.9049, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.8197–0.9988, p = 0.0473], severity (IVW-fixed: OR = 1.0298, 95% CI 0.7699–1.3775, p = 0.8432) and hospitalized traits (IVW-fixed: OR = 1.0713, 95% CI 0.8819–1.3013, p = 0.4878) using outlier removed sets at a Bonferroni-corrected p threshold of 0.0167. Sensitivity analyses did not reveal any sign of horizontal pleiotropy. Conclusions Our MR analysis provided precise evidence that genetically lowered serum 25(OH)D concentrations were not causally associated with COVID-19 susceptibility, severity or hospitalized traits. Our study did not provide evidence assessing the role of vitamin D supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. High-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to explore and define the role of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.

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Low serum vitamin D, statin associated muscle symptoms, vitamin D supplementation

Atherosclerosis ◽

10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.11.027 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 256 ◽

pp. 125-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Charles J. Glueck ◽

Kevin Lee ◽

Marloe Prince ◽

Alexander Milgrom ◽

Frini Makadia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Low Serum

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Association of serum vitamin D levels and transient tachypnea of newborn: a case control study

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20171526 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 827 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gurmeet Singh ◽

Reena Sood ◽

Gursharan Singh Narang ◽

Harnoorjit Kaur Brar ◽

Amanjeet Kaur Bagga

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Transient Condition ◽

Control Group ◽

Term Neonates ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Control Study ◽

Structured Questionnaire

Background: Transient tachypnea of newborn (TTN) is a common cause of respiratory distress in newborns with estimated incidence of 1-2% of all newborns. Although a self-limiting transient condition but it may cause severe morbidities. This study was conducted to find association of serum vitamin D levels in neonates who develop TTN as compared to normal healthy neonates.Methods: With thorough history with structured questionnaire and lab tests, serum vitamin D levels of 45 neonates who develop TTN were compared with 56 healthy neonates in control group.Results: Out of 45 neonates who develop TTN 39(86.7%) were deficient in vitamin D as compared to control group where 33(58.9%) out of 56 healthy neonates were deficient in vitamin D.Conclusions: Lower vitamin D levels at birth in term neonates is associated with increased risk of developing TTN and vitamin D may have a role in its pathogenesis.

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Influence of serum vitamin D status on severe sarcopenia among female patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the KURAMA database

10.21203/rs.3.rs-697981/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hiroto Minamino ◽

Masao Katsushima ◽

Mie Torii ◽

Wataru Yamamoto ◽

Yoshihito Fujita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Muscle Mass ◽

Gait Speed ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Status ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

High Prevalence

Abstract Sarcopenia is an age-related disease with an increased risk of mortality. It is emerging that low serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) affects the sarcopenic state in general, but in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), these associations are not understood although the prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency is high in RA. We conducted a cross-sectional study of older female outpatients from our cohort (KURAMA) database. We measured skeletal muscle mass, handgrip strength, and gait-speed to diagnose severe sarcopenia. The serum 25(OH)D concentration was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. A total of 156 Patients (sarcopenia:44.9%, severe sarcopenia: 29.5%, and without sarcopenia: 25.6%) were enrolled. Classification of vitamin D status at a cutoff point of median 25(OH)D concentration revealed that low 25(OH)D status was associated with a high prevalence of severe sarcopenia and with low measured values of muscle mass, handgrip, and gait-speed. Furthermore, multiple regression analysis identified that low 25(OH)D status was associated with a high prevalence of severe sarcopenia (OR 6.00; 95% CI 1.99–18.08). In components of sarcopenia, both low physical performance and muscle mass were associated with low 25(OH) status. In conclusion, vitamin D levels are associated with severe sarcopenia and its components, and modification of vitamin D status including vitamin D supplementation may play a role in improving sarcopenia in RA.

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Serum Vitamin D: Correlates of Baseline Concentration and Response to Supplementation in VITAL-DKD

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/clinem/dgab693 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cora M Best ◽

Leila R Zelnick ◽

Kenneth E Thummel ◽

Simon Hsu ◽

Christine Limonte ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Parent Compound ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Total Serum ◽

P Value ◽

Hydroxyvitamin D ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D3 Supplementation

Abstract Context The effect of daily vitamin D supplementation on the serum concentration of vitamin D (the parent compound) may offer insight into vitamin D disposition. Objective To assess the total serum vitamin D response to vitamin D3 supplementation and whether it varies according to participant characteristics. To compare results with corresponding results for total serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), which is used clinically and measured in supplementation trials. Design Exploratory study within a randomized trial. Intervention 2,000 International Units of vitamin D3 per day (or matching placebo). Setting Community-based. Participants 161 adults (mean ± SD age 70 ± 6 years; 66% males) with type 2 diabetes. Main Outcome Measures Changes in total serum vitamin D and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations from baseline to year 2. Results At baseline, there was a positive, nonlinear relation between total serum vitamin D and total serum 25(OH)D concentrations. Adjusted effects of supplementation were a 29.2 (95% CI: 24.3, 34.1) nmol/L increase in serum vitamin D and a 33.4 (95% CI: 27.7, 39.2) nmol/L increase in serum 25(OH)D. Among those with baseline 25(OH)D < 50 compared with ≥ 50 nmol/L, the serum vitamin D response to supplementation was attenuated (15.7 vs 31.2 nmol/L; interaction p-value = 0.02), whereas the serum 25(OH)D response was augmented (47.9 vs 30.7 nmol/L; interaction p-value = 0.05). Conclusions Vitamin D3 supplementation increases total serum vitamin D and 25(OH)D concentrations with variation according to baseline 25(OH)D, which suggests that 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 is more efficient when serum 25(OH)D concentration is low.

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