The impact of international tourism on hotel sales performance: New proposals and evidence

2021 ◽  
pp. 135481662199443
Author(s):  
Yu-Xia Lin ◽  
Ming-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Lu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Mainland China ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
State Dependent ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Dynamic Panel Regression ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Economies Of Agglomeration ◽  
The Impact

Using data from 31 provinces/municipalities in China from 2003 to 2018, this article examines the impact of international tourism on hotel sales revenue (HSR). Specifically, this study lays a theoretical foundation for investigations of the nonlinear and state-dependent effects of international tourist arrivals (ITAs) on HSR. Results of both traditional and dynamic panel regression test models reveal the following interesting results. First, the positive relationship between ITA and hotel performance is not unique to Taiwan but is also found in Mainland China. Second, based on the theory of economies of agglomeration, the impact of ITA on HSR is found to be inverse U-shaped. Third, the effects of ITA on HSR are economic state-dependent, relying to a great extent on economic conditions. Furthermore, ITA has a stronger impact on HSR during periods of economic expansion. Important policy implications are provided based on the empirical results.

scholarly journals The Unforeseen Consequences of Extended Deterrence: Moral Hazard in a Nuclear Client State

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 218-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Narang ◽  
Rupal N. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Potential Target ◽  
Extended Deterrence ◽  
Important Policy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Target States ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Client State ◽  
The Impact

Do “nuclear umbrellas” create a moral hazard that can increase the risk of war? In this article, we investigate whether situations of extended deterrence in which a nuclear patron makes a defensive commitment to a nonnuclear client state can inadvertently increase the likelihood that a client will initiate a crisis with another state. Using data on the crisis behavior of states from 1950 to 2000, we estimate the impact of a nuclear umbrella on various crisis outcomes, including the initiation and escalation of militarized conflict. Interestingly, we find no evidence that such commitments increase the risk of war or even two-sided violence at lower levels. However, consistent with both the moral hazard logic and bargaining theories of war, we show that this appears to be because potential target states offer increased policy concessions to client states to avoid costly fighting. Thus, the link between nuclear umbrellas and moral hazard appears to be real, but it is reflected in the division of benefits rather than a greater likelihood of war. The results have important policy implications as the US contemplates extending its nuclear umbrella.

The Impact of Juvenile Sex Offending on the Adult Criminal Career

Sexual Abuse ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 400-422
Author(s):  
Kylie Reale ◽  
Evan McCuish ◽  
Raymond Corrado
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Offending ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Criminal Career ◽  
Young Offender ◽  
Juvenile Offending ◽  
Sexual Offenses ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Violent Offenses ◽  
Juvenile Males ◽  
The Impact

Although past studies demonstrated the heterogeneity of the criminal career patterns of juveniles with sexual offenses (JSOs), such studies did not directly assess whether JSOs have different adult offending outcomes compared with juvenile nonsex offenders. Using data on a subsample of males from the Incarcerated Serious and Violent Young Offender Study, JSOs ( n = 78), juveniles with violent offenses (JVOs; n = 550), and juveniles with nonviolent offenses (JNVOs; n = 281) were compared across a variety of adult offending outcomes. JSOs were not associated with a specific trajectory of general offending in adulthood, nor were they associated with a range of adult criminal career parameters (e.g., frequency, severity, specialization, and versatility). However, a range of other indicators of juvenile offending were associated with general offending in adulthood. For juvenile males who experience incarceration, many elements of their offending history mattered for adult offending outcomes, but not sexual offending. Policy implications for treatment and management are discussed.

Financial inclusion and bank stability controversy: Evidence from South Asian region

2020 ◽  
Vol 07 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050038
Author(s):  
Muhammad Amir Alvi ◽  
Amir Rafique ◽  
Khurram Shehzad
Keyword(s):  
South Asian ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Bank Stability ◽  
Substantial Growth ◽  
Asian Region ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
South Asian Region

Despite a substantial growth in efficiency and profitability, South Asian region’s well-established banking system is likely to be incapable to grasp wide sections of the population, particularly the deprived ones. Numerous studies revealed that financial inclusion impact bank stability, but no significant empirical study has been made on the economies of South Asian region. The aim of the study is to explore the impact of financial inclusion on bank stability across South Asian region using data from 88 commercial banks from four economies (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka) over the period of 2012–2018. Results using two-step system GMM suggest that an increase in financial inclusion enhances bank stability across economies of South Asian region. This study contains some significant policy implications to generate real opportunities for financial inclusion to improve bank stability.

scholarly journals Do parents’ flexible working hours affect fathers’ contribution to domestic work? Evidence from a factorial survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Krug ◽  
Sebastian Bähr ◽  
Katharina Diener ◽  
Martin Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Work ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Household Work ◽  
Female Partners ◽  
Flexible Working Hours ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Willingness To Contribute

This paper investigates the impact of fathers’ flexible working hours on their willingness to contribute to domestic work. We first hypothesize that fathers will contribute more if they have the possibility to work flexible hours. Second, fathers are assumed to contribute less if their female partners have the possibility to work flexible hours. We test our hypotheses using data from a vignette study, where fathers evaluate hypothetical job offers to their non-employed partner with regard to the contribution to domestic work they are willing to offer if their partner accepts the job. We find that fathers’ flexible hours increase their willingness to contribute to childcare but not to household work, partially supporting hypothesis one. Regarding hypothesis two, we find no effects of the female partner’s flexible working hours on fathers’ contribution to childcare or household work. We conclude our paper with some policy implications.

The effect of freedom on international tourism demand: Empirical evidence from the top eight most visited countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1358-1373
Author(s):  
Umit Bulut ◽  
Emrah Kocak ◽  
Courtney Suess
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
The Impact

The present study investigates the impact of freedom (i.e. the effects of political rights and civil liberties) on tourist arrivals for the eight countries with the highest tourist arrivals in 2016 (France, the United States, Spain, China, Italy, the United Kingdom, Germany, and Mexico), using annual data from 1998 to 2016, through advanced panel data methods. Notably, the key strengths of this study are as follows: (i) it examines the impact of institutional quality on international tourism demand for the most visited countries and (ii) it employs advanced panel data techniques, which have been suggested in recent years. We first constituted a freedom index using political rights and civil liberties data. Second, we performed cross-sectional dependence (CD) tests to examine whether there existed CD in the panel data set. After detecting the presence of CD, we used panel unit root and cointegration tests, which are robust to CD to avoid problems from spurious regression. Finally, we estimated long-run parameters of the empirical model through a panel data estimator that is capable of presenting efficient and unbiased output in the presence of CD. Our empirical findings show that the level of freedom may play a role in explaining the volume of international tourist arrivals. Theoretical and policy implications are discussed in the study, particularly with respect to the importance of rights and freedom in the context of international inbound tourist arrivals.

scholarly journals Implications of COVID-19: The Effect of Working From Home on Financial and Mental Well-Being in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleftherios Giovanis ◽  
Oznur Ozdamar
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Financial Situation ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Working From Home ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mental Well Being

In response to the threat posed by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the UK prime minister announced on the 23rd of March strict lockdowns and introduced a new way of living and working, at least temporarily. This included working from home (WHF) wherever possible. Many experts from the IT industry were long arguing about the potential for WFH, which suddenly now became indisputable. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of WFH on the individuals’ perception about their future financial situation and their mental well-being. We apply a difference-in-differences (DiD) framework using data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS) combined with the UKHLS COVID-19 survey conducted in April 2020. Our findings suggest that those who have not experienced a shift from working at the employer’s premises to WFH became more concerned about their future financial situation. However, we find that WFH has a negative impact on mental well-being. On the other hand, we find no difference in the mental well-being when we consider those who work from home on occasion. The findings of this study have policy implications for government, firms and health practitioners. In particular, a balance between WFH and at the employer’s premises may provide both financial security and maintain the mental and psychological well-being at satisfying levels.

scholarly journals Profitability of commercial banks revisited: new evidence from oil and non-oil exporting countries in the MENA region

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 62-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nermeen Abdullah ◽  
Yong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Financial Openness ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
New Evidence

This paper investigates the determinants of commercial bank profitability in oil and non-oil countries of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region using data from 11 countries over the period 2004–2014. Since banks are under no obligation to fill reports to Bankscope database, irregular reporting banks are omitted from the sample and the model is re-estimated using only regular reporting banks, and a comparative analysis between total banks’ sample and regular reporting banks’ sample is provided. Using the two-step system GMM and fixed effects models, the results indicate that credit risk is negative and highly significant when irregular reporting banks are omitted from the sample, particularly in the non-oil group, unlike the oil countries case, which indicates that adding irregular reporting banks to the sample could lead to bias in some estimated coefficients if they constitute a considerable percentage of the total banks’ sample. Diversification is a key determinant for profitability in oil countries. No enough evidence to support the impact of financial inclusion and financial openness on bank profitability. In addition, the global financial crisis has significantly affected bank profitability in oil countries. Several policy implications are provided to the bank management to follow based on each country group.

DO KINSHIP NETWORKS CROWD OUT THE NEW RURAL PENSION PLAN IN CHINA? POLICY IMPLICATIONS FOR AN AGING CHINA

2018 ◽  
pp. 1842002
Author(s):  
DONGJIE TAO ◽  
JUNPENG WANG ◽  
HONGYING CAI ◽  
KUI ZHAO
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Security ◽  
Pension Plan ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
China Policy ◽  
Financial Transfers ◽  
Kinship Networks ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Using data from China Family Panel Studies in 2012, this paper investigates the impact of kinship networks on participation in the New Rural Pension Plan (NRPP) in China. The theoretical model and empirical results indicate that kinship networks can provide informal social security, such as psychological security and financial transfers from relatives. Thus, people who are part of stronger kinship networks are less likely to participate in the NRPP than their counterparts. Our research facilitates an understanding of the interaction between social networks and formal institutions and provides policy implications for an aging China.

Air quality effect on the hotel industry

2020 ◽  
pp. 135481662097074
Author(s):  
Liang-Ju Wang ◽  
Ming-Hsiang Chen ◽  
Lu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Hotel Industry ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Dynamic Panel Regression ◽  
Using Data

This article makes an original contribution to the hospitality research literature. It proposes a curvilinear impact of air quality (AQ) on hotel sales (HS) and then empirically tests this nonlinear effect using data from 26 major tourist cities in China from 2002 to 2016. The results of dynamic panel regression test based on estimations of the system generalized method of moments reveal an inverse U-shaped impact of AQ (measured by concentrations of the fine particulate matter, i.e. PM2.5) on HS and thus validate the proposal. Empirical findings offer valuable policy implications for hotel business owners and tourism authorities and policymakers.

scholarly journals Linear Econometric Estimations of the Effects of Religious Beliefs on Pro-environmental Behaviors

CONVERTER ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 391-397
Author(s):  
Yunrong Li, Gang Li
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Least Square Estimator ◽  
Environmental Behaviors ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Using Data

Environmental protection has become a public concern as the economy grows, especially in developing countries. Previous studies have examined determinants of individual pro-environmental behaviors. Using data from a nationwide survey carried out in mainland China in 2013, we intend to estimate the effects of religious beliefs on individual pro-environmental behaviors. We employ a linear econometric model and apply an Ordinary Least Square estimator to estimate the model. We use five measures to represent pro-environmental behaviors and distinguish between plain and strong religious beliefs. Estimation results show that, in general, holding any religious belief has a significant impact on all types of pro-environmental behaviors. Moreover, strong religious beliefs have greater impacts on different types of pro-environmental behaviors. Policy implications of the paper could be that people with religious beliefs should not be the target of programs aiming at promoting individual pro-environmental behaviors.

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