Spatial Distribution of Tourism in China: Economic and other Influences

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Wen ◽  
Clem Tisdell
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Spatial Inequality ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Gini Coefficients ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

Using cross sectional data, the spatial distribution of inbound tourism to China is compared with that of the distribution of socio-economic variables such as GDP, population and GDP per capita. Spatial inequality of tourism based both on demand- and supply-side indicators is shown to be much greater than for that of the socio-economic variables and appears to reinforce the regional inequalities generated by the latter. This is evident from the Gini coefficients. Furthermore, the disparity of the concentration of tourism in the coastal region of China compared to the inland is much greater than that on the economics side. Factors which may help to generate this inequality in tourism are identified. The scope for ecotourism to decentralize tourism in China is briefly discussed.

ANALISIS PERMINTAAN DAN PENAWARAN BERAS DI PROPINSI JAMBI

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
. Edison ◽  
Pera Nurfathiyah
Keyword(s):  
Time Series Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Rice Price ◽  
Production Growth ◽  
Per Capita

The rice production growth that was gotten by Jambi Province with production growth rate of 0,54% can not fully contribute society need that was continuously increasing. Therefore, it can cause unbalance between supply and demand. The objective of research is to know the picture of rice supply and demand and influenced variables on rice supply and demand in Jambi. The simultan model was used to predict factors that influenced rice supply and demand. The research was conducted in Jambi Province on September to December 2009. The primary data needed in this research was time series data from 1996 – 2008. The research result showed that simultaneously rice price factor, the number population and income per capita was significant on demand. And also factor of average rice price, Bangkok rice price, import rice price, hybrid seed, acreage, season, and time trend were influencing significantly on supply. From elasticity value was fortunately all variables that was influencing rice demand and supply in Jambi Province was inelastic. Kata Kunci : rice demand and supply, rice price, elasticit

scholarly journals Self-administration of a food security scale by adolescents: item functioning, socio-economic position and food intakes

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 853-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin C Gulliford ◽  
Deepak Mahabir ◽  
Cheryl Nunes ◽  
Brian Rocke
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Self Administration ◽  
Item Score ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequent Consumption ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and validity of a six-item food security scale when self-administered by adolescents.DesignCross-sectional questionnaire survey including the six-item food security measure, socio-economic variables and a food-frequency questionnaire.SettingRepresentative sample of 29 schools in Trinidad.SubjectsIn total 1903 students aged approximately 16 years.ResultsItem affirmatives ranged from 514 (27%) for the ‘balanced meal’ item to 128 (7%) for the ‘skipped or cut meals often’ item and 141 (7%) for the ‘hungry’ item. Item-score correlations ranged from 0.444 to 0.580. Cronbach's α was 0.77. Relative item severities from the Rasch model ranged from −1.622 (standard error 0.043) for the ‘balanced meal’ item to 1.103 (0.068) for the ‘skipped or cut meals often’ item and 0.944 (0.062) for the ‘hungry’ item. The ‘hungry’ item gave a slightly lower relative severity in boys than girls. Food insecurity was associated with household overcrowding (adjusted odds ratio comparing highest and lowest quartiles 2.61, 95% confidence interval 1.75 to 3.91), lack of pipe-borne water in the home, low paternal education or paternal unemployment. After adjusting for socio-economic variables, food insecurity was associated with less frequent consumption of fruit (0.75, 0.60 to 0.94) or fish (0.72, 0.58 to 0.88) but more frequent consumption of biscuits or cakes (1.47, 1.02 to 2.11).ConclusionsThe food security scale provides a valid, reliable measure in adolescents, although young people report being hungry but not eating relatively more frequently than adults. Food-insecure adolescents have low socio-economic position and may eat less healthy diets.

scholarly journals Per capita COVID-19 Case Rates are Lower in U.S. Counties Voting more Heavily Democratic in the 2016 Presidential Election, except not in States with a Republican Governor and Legislature

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Chambless
Keyword(s):  
Opposite Direction ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Local Action ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Capita Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Democratic Vote ◽  
S States

AbstractIn our recent paper Why do per capita COVID-19 Case Rates Differ Between U.S. States? we established that U.S. states with a Democratic governor and a Democratic legislature have lower COVID-19 per capita case rates than states with a Republican governor and a Republican legislature, and case rates of states with a mixed government fall between the two. This difference remained after accounting for differences between states in several demographic and socio-economic variables. In a recent working paper The Changing Political Geographies of COVID-19 in the U.S. it was found that that early in the pandemic U.S. counties at higher levels of percentage Democratic vote in the 2016 presidential election had higher weekly per capita COVID-19 rates, but that the situation was in the opposite direction by August 2020. We show here that counties with a higher percentage of Democratic vote in the 2016 presidential election have a lower mean cumulative per capita rate of COVID-19 cases and of COVID-19 deaths, adjusted for county demographic and socio-economic characteristics, but only for counties in states that currently have a Democratic governor and both chambers of the legislature Democratic or in states that have a mixed government, but not for states that currently have a Republican governor and both chambers in the legislature Republican. One possible contributor to this difference is that some state Republican governments have restricted local action to fight the spread of COVID-19.

Estimation of domestic wastewater characteristics in a developing country based on socio-economic variables

1996 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Campos ◽  
M. von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Total Family Income ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
Simple Regression

The paper presents the analysis of data related to the domestic wastewater characteristics from several areas situated in a large Brazilian city. Simple regression models are presented for the prediction of basic wastewater characteristics, such as water consumption (l/inhab.day), wastewater production (l/inhab.day),BOD load (g/inhab.day) and BOD concentration (mg/l). The models are based on simple socio-economic variables, with special attention to the easily obtainable variable of total family income (number of minimum salaries earned per month). Most of the models are able to give an excellent prediction of the desired wastewater variables. Additionally, the behaviour of the main wastewater characteristics according to the hour of the day and the day of the week are analysed. Based on the results obtained, it is suggested that the classical figures of BOD concentration of 300 mg/l and per capita BOD load of 54g/inhab.d do not apply to the typical population predominant in most areas of Brazil. The actual BOD concentrations are frequently higher than 300 mg/l, while the BOD load is frequently lower than 54 g/inhab.d. The results obtained can be used for design purposes in the areas studied, and possibly in areas of similar characteristics, substituting the classical figures obtained from foreign textbooks.

scholarly journals Relationship of socio-economic factors and parental eating habits with children's food intake in a population-based study in a metropolitan area of Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela dos Santos Barroso ◽  
Rosely Sichieri ◽  
Rosana Salles-Costa
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the association of sociodemographic factors and parental food consumption with children's food intake.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingA population-based study with a representative sample in a metropolitan region of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Parents’ socio-economic variables, age and education level and children's age were obtained by face-to-face interviews. The parental food intake was assessed using an FFQ and the children's food intake was assessed using two 24 h recalls.SubjectsChildren (n 366) aged 6–30 months and their parents.ResultsThe hierarchical regression analysis indicated that parents’ age was positively associated with the intake of vegetables among children (β = 0·73, 95 % CI 0·11, 1·34), while parents’ educational level was positively associated with the intake of fats (β = 3·52, 95 % CI 0·04, 7·01) and negatively associated with the intake of beans (β = −13·98, 95 % CI −27·94, −0·03). The age of the children was positively associated with the intakes of meats and eggs (β = 2·88, 95 % CI 1·55, 4·22), sugars (β = 5·08, 95 % CI 1·85, 8·30) and coffee (β = 1·77, 95 % CI 0·71, 2·84), and negatively associated with the intake of vegetables (β = −2·12, 95 % CI −3·20, −1·05). The influence of parental food intake was observed for the food groups of breads, cereals and tubers (β = 0·06, 95 % CI 0·003, 0·12), beans (β = 0·11, 95 % CI −0·003, 0·22) and fruits (β = 0·10, 95 % CI 0·03, 0·16). Unfavourable socio-economic variables were associated with intakes of breads, cereals and tubers, vegetables, fruits, meats, sugars and coffee by children.ConclusionsParental food intake is associated with children's intake of cereals, beans and fruits independent of socio-economic status.

scholarly journals Body mass index and its relationship with socio-economic variables in Schoolgirls

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Purreza Abolghasem ◽  
Leila Dehghankar ◽  
Moslem Jafarisani ◽  
Ali Pouryosef ◽  
Hamidreza Tadayyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Measure Data ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Body Mass ◽  
Socio Economic Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Evaluation of anthropometric and body mass index is not only widely used to assess children's development, but also is simplicity, affordability and reliability and most powerful tool to study the growth and development of children in different societies. BMI is one of the most important indicators of the growth, especially in childhood, which can be influenced by some socio - economic variables. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between body mass index with some of the socio - economic conditions in children with a primary and secondary education to physical development factors and social - economic conditions affecting the BMI.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study and 200 children between 7 to 17 years of primary and secondary schools were selected and divided into two groups. Tools used in this study were questionnaires, Balance and Tape measure. Data were analyzed by SPSS 20 software. P<0.05 considered statiscally significant.Results: Majority of the samples was in normal and thin range. High school student girls had a lower average body mass index, and percentage of weight loss was greater among them.Conclusion: Socio-economic variables affect the lifestyle of families and they can be associated with BMI. Keywords: Body mass index, female students, parents socio-economic variables.

scholarly journals Classifying Features Persuading the Use of Long Lasting Insecticide Treated Nets (LLINs) and Its Implications in Exterminating the Incidence of Malaria-Death in Ghana

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-174
Author(s):  
Anthony Joe Turkson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Economic Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Malaria Death ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Socio Economic Variables

This is a cross-sectional quantitative study purported to identify features deemed to persuade the usage of LLINs in exterminating incidences of malaria-death in Ghana. The population consisted of mothers and caregivers of children under five in Asamankese a district in the Eastern region of Ghana. Questionnaires were developed based on the profile and the set of study objectives, it sought information on socio-economic variables, knowledge level on LLINs, and influence of climatic and environmental factors on LLINs usage. Data were coded and keyed into SPSS version 20. Frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, graphs and tables were used to explore the data. Chi-square test was used to do further investigation. It was revealed that LLINs usage was influenced by a group of features including: background characteristics of household; socio-economic variables, environmental variables and knowledge on importance of LLINs. There was an association between LLINs usage and monthly income of caregivers (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship (p<0.05) between environmental features and LLINs usage. There was a relationship (p<0.05) between one’s knowledge and use of LLINs. In addition, there was a relationship between usage and the number of times per month visits were made to the hospitals for health care. Environmental factors permitted the use of LLINs, Eighty-six (86%) of the respondents who used LLINs did use it because the weather aided them. It is recommended that behavior change education be intensified in the region so that more people can accept and adopt a lifestyle that will protect them from the deadly malaria diseases. Efforts must be made by the major players in the health sector to make the net readily available in the communities at low prices to enable the ordinary Ghanaian to purchase it.

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