Australian tertiary students’ attitudes towards youth obesity in educational institutions

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thea Werkhoven ◽  
Wayne Cotton ◽  
Dean Dudley
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
General Level ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Nutrition Instruction ◽  
Youth Obesity

Educational institutions have been identified as ideal locations to implement health promotion strategies that aim to prevent and treat youth obesity. However, the tertiary training of future health promoters currently lacks health and nutrition instruction. This study sought to investigate attitudes towards youth obesity and perceptions of the roles of schools and educators in strategies to treat and prevent youth obesity. Participants ( n = 155) were tertiary students who enrolled in a general-level health and nutrition elective that housed an intervention to increase awareness of obesity. Baseline and post-intervention responses to the Perceptions of Youth Obesity and Health Education questionnaire were collected and compared spanning the 12 weeks. Agreement that health is linked to being of normal weight and that general educators should have a major role in school strategies did not waver over the course of the intervention. The belief that schools are ideal places for obesity prevention strategies was higher at baseline than post-intervention. It was desired that obesity awareness would increase but perceived importance of involvement of school staff in youth obesity strategies did not increase. Further research is required to investigate the influence of attitudes and perceptions held by future health promoters towards their roles in prevention and treatment strategies on professional practice.

scholarly journals Effects of intermittent (5:2) or continuous energy restriction on basal and postprandial metabolism: a randomised study in normal-weight, young participants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangfan Gao ◽  
Kostas Tsintzas ◽  
Ian A. Macdonald ◽  
Sally M. Cordon ◽  
Moira A. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Continuous Energy ◽  
Time Interaction

Abstract Background/objectives Intermittent energy restriction (IER) may overcome poor long-term adherence with continuous energy restriction (CER), for weight reduction. We compared the effects of IER with CER for fasting and postprandial metabolism and appetite in metabolically healthy participants, in whom excess weight would not confound intrinsic metabolic differences. Subjects/methods In a 2-week randomised, parallel trial, 16 young, healthy-weight participants were assigned to either CER (20% below estimated energy requirements (EER)) or 5:2 IER (70% below EER on 2 non-consecutive days; 5 days at EER, per week). Metabolic and appetite regulation markers were assessed before and for 3 h after a liquid breakfast; followed by an ad libitum lunch; pre- and post-intervention. Results Weight loss was similar in both groups: −2.5 (95% CI, −3.4, −1.6) kg for 5:2 IER vs. −2.3 (−2.9, −1.7) kg for CER. There were no differences between groups for postprandial incremental area under the curve for serum insulin, blood glucose or subjective appetite ratings. Compared with CER, 5:2 IER led to a reduction in fasting blood glucose concentrations (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.018, η2p = 0.14). Similarly, compared with CER, there were beneficial changes in fasting composite appetite scores after 5:2 IER (treatment-by-time interaction, P = 0.0003, η2p = 0.35). Conclusions There were no significant differences in postprandial insulinaemic, glycaemic or appetite responses between treatments. However, 5:2 IER resulted in greater improvements in fasting blood glucose, and beneficial changes in fasting subjective appetite ratings.

scholarly journals Association between body mass index and fragility fracture in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study using Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2009 (KNHANES IV)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihan Kim ◽  
Sami Lee ◽  
Sung Soo Kim ◽  
Jong-Pyo Lee ◽  
Jong Sung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Vertebral Fracture ◽  
Fragility Fracture ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fragility Fractures ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Obese Group ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Health And Nutrition

Abstract Background The present study examined the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women. Methods Among subjects who participated in the 4th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008–2009), 2114 women ≥ 40 years of age were included. BMI was based on standards set by the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, as follows: < 18.5 kg/m2, underweight; 18.5 ≤ to < 25 kg/m2, normal weight; and ≥ 25 kg/m2, obese. Subjects were also divided into three groups according to the location of fragility fracture: spine, hip, or wrist. Results The mean (± SD) rate of fragility fracture was significantly different among the three groups: 5.9 ± 2.9% (underweight), 1.1 ± 0.3% (normal weight), and 3.0 ± 0.7% (obese) (p = 0.001). After correcting for age, family history, and treatment history of osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, smoking and drinking status, and level of exercise, multivariable regression analysis revealed that the odds ratio for fragility fracture in the underweight group was 5.48 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80–16.73] and 3.33 (95% CI 1.61–6.87) in the obese group. After subdividing fragility fractures into vertebral and non-vertebral, the odds ratio for vertebral fracture in the underweight group was 5.49 (95% CI 1.31–23.09) times higher than that in the normal weight group; in the obese group, the non-vertebral fracture odds ratio was 3.87 (95% CI 1.45–10.33) times higher. Analysis of non-vertebral fractures in the obese group revealed an odds ratio for fracture 22.05 (95% CI 1.33–365.31) times higher for hip fracture and 3.85 (95% CI 1.35–10.93) times higher for wrist fracture. Conclusions Obesity and underweight increased the risk for fragility fractures in postmenopausal Korean women.

scholarly journals The influence of sports education on students: contemporary challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3A) ◽  
pp. 378-384
Author(s):  
Ludmyla Snihur ◽  
Eduard Sarafaniuk ◽  
Oleksandr Rozmaznin ◽  
Volodymyr Lukhanin ◽  
Larysa Yakobchuk
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Training System ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
General Level ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
General Physical ◽  
Positive Effect

The article is devoted to the substantiation of the relevance of the use of modern sports in general and general physical training in particular in the training system of students. The paper considers the actual problems of improving the physical fitness of students who study at higher military educational institutions during the period of primary sports training. The possibilities of increasing the effectiveness of the training process have been investigated. The analysis of modern scientific and literary sources gives grounds to assert that the system of sports training has a significant positive effect on the general level of well-being, facilitating the learning process and maintaining a healthy lifestyle. The purpose of the article is to form and implement innovative forms of sports education for students and further experimental verification of the developed program.

scholarly journals Mindfulness based cognitive therapy for recurrent depressive disorder

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S272-S272
Author(s):  
James McLoughlin ◽  
Paula Martin ◽  
Geraldine McCarthy ◽  
Chee Lin Piong
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Skill Acquisition ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Qualitative Feedback

AimsMindfulness-based therapies have been demonstrated to be effective in reducing anxiety, stress and depressive symptoms in adults. Depression is a chronic relapsing condition. Major depressive disorder is one of the most common causes of ill health and functional impairment.Our goal was to assess the real world clinical effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) for Recurrent Depressive Disorder in three domains:-Depression, anxiety and stress levels-Mindfulness level-Self-compassion levelMethodPatients with a diagnosis of Recurrent Depressive Disorder (primary or secondary diagnosis) were referred by their community mental health team to participate in an 8-week educational MBCT programme. Participants completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress (DASS), 5-Facet Mindfulness and Self Compassion self-rated scales prior to commencing and at the end of the course. They were also invited to give qualitative feedback at the end of the course.Data were collected from four groups who completed the course over a period of twelve months. A paired samples test was used to compare pre and post intervention scores to determine effect size.ResultWe had complete data for 19 participants out of a cohort of 34. Pre intervention scores were similar for both groups.The mean age of the cohort was 47 years (SD of 10 years), 3 male, 16 female.Patients showed a clinically significant reduction of symptoms in depression, anxiety and stress, with respective reductions of 48%, 26% and 43% post intervention. Results were statistically significant for depressaion and stress p <0.001 but not for anxiety p = 0.130.Positive trends were seen in all domains of the 5-Fact Mindfulness and Self Compassions scales, with mean improvements of 28.2% and 35.3% respectively. All results were statistically significant.We also collected anonymized qualitative feedback which highlighted themes of empowerment, skill acquisition and improved coping.ConclusionNumerous studies have demonstrated poor compliance with antidepressant treatments commonly prescribed in Recurrent Depressive Disorder. This small scale study demonstrates a statistical and clinical benefit of MBCT for these patients, supporting greater use of such novel non-pharmacological therapeutic options as treatment strategies..

scholarly journals The Poet at the Teacher’s Desk: W.H. Auden on Education, Democracy and Humanity

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43
Author(s):  
Ladislav Vít
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Social Function ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
General Level ◽  
Alma Mater ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Critical Prose

Abstract In the 1930s W.H. Auden taught at several public schools in Britain while simultaneously embarking on his poetic career. Later in life, he lectured at various educational institutions and returned to Oxford, his alma mater, in the 1950s as Oxford Professor of Poetry. His experience of teaching allowed Auden to reflect upon the pitfalls of Britain’s interwar educational system and its social function. Therefore, this article diverts attention from the prevailing scholarly focus on Auden’s poetry to his critical prose in order to examine the poet’s concerns about the content, purpose and role of education in society, his views on the structure of the educational system and disquiet about the tension between the utilitarian and humanistic dimensions of the educational process. At a more general level, the paper points out the relation that Auden maintained existed between education, democracy, art and the “crystallizing” power of poetry.

Clinical Outcomes of Physiotherapy for Patients with Acetabular Labral Tears: An Analysis According to Severity of Injury

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Kawai ◽  
Kenji Tateda ◽  
Yuma Ikeda ◽  
Ryosuke Motomura ◽  
Ima Kosukegawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Labral Tear ◽  
Stage Iii ◽  
Labral Repair ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Labral Tears ◽  
Acetabular Labral Tear ◽  
Severity Of Injury

Abstract Background: Arthroscopic labral repair is an effective treatment for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and acetabular labral injury. However, the effectiveness of physiotherapy treatment is controversial. Previous studies that analyzed the outcome of physiotherapy for patients with FAI or acetabular labral tears did not consider damaged tissues or the severity of the acetabular labral tear. This study aimed to evaluate (1) the short-term outcome of physiotherapy in patients with acetabular labral tears confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and (2) the effectiveness of physiotherapy according to the severity of the labral tear.Methods: Thirty-five patients who underwent physiotherapy for symptomatic acetabular labral tears from August 2013 to July 2018 were enrolled. We evaluated the severity of the acetabular labral tears, which were classified based on the Czerny classification system using 3-T MRI. Clinical findings of microinstability and extra-articular pathologies of the hip joint were also examined. Outcome scores were evaluated using the International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT12) at pre- and post-intervention.Results: The mean iHOT12 score significantly improved from 44.0 to 73.5 in 4.7 months. The post-intervention iHOT12 scores were significantly higher than the pre-intervention scores at stages I (pre 51.0, post 74.4; P=0.004) and II (pre 44.8, post 81.2; P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences between the pre-intervention and post-intervention iHOT12 scores at stage III (pre 36.6, post 60.8; P=0.061). Furthermore, 7 patients (20.0%) had positive microinstability tests, and 22 (62.9%) had findings of extra-articular pathologies. Of 35 patients, 8 (22.9%) underwent surgical treatment after failure of conservative management, of whom 4 had Czerny stage III.Conclusions: Physiotherapy significantly improved the iHOT12 score of patients with acetabular labral tears in the short-term period. In patients with severe acetabular labral tear, improvement of clinical score by physiotherapy may be poor. Identifying the severity of acetabular labral tears can be useful in determining treatment strategies.

Relationship of Weight Change Patterns From Young to Middle Adulthood With Incident Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyi Liu ◽  
Zhuxian Zhang ◽  
Chun Zhou ◽  
Panpan He ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Middle Adulthood ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Context The effect of weight change patterns on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remains uncertain. Objective We aim to examine the relation of weight change patterns and absolute weight change from young adulthood to midlife with incident CVD. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2016. Participants A total of 20 715 US adults aged 40 through 79 with recalled weight at young adulthood (25 years) and midlife (10 years before baseline). Main Outcome Measure CVD status was determined by self-report of a prior diagnosis, and age at diagnosis was used to establish time of CVD onset. CVD events was defined as the first occurrence of a congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, or stroke. Results After 9.76 years of follow-up, compared with participants who remained at normal weight, those in maximum overweight, changing from nonobese to obese, changing from obese to nonobese, maintaining obesity between young and middle adulthood had a 39% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.62), 93% (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.64-2.28), 125% (HR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.29-3.94), and 132% (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.68-3.20) higher risk of CVD, respectively. In addition, compared with weight change within 2.5 kg, weight gain ≥ 10.0 kg was associated with higher risk of CVD. Conclusions Both nonobese to obese, obese to nonobese, and stable obese from young to middle adulthood were associated with increased risks of CVD. The findings emphasize the importance of maintaining normal weight throughout the adulthood for preventing CVD in later life.

scholarly journals Analysis of Further Education Students’ Attitudes Regarding Environmental Pollution. A Case Study in Granada

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Hinojo Lucena ◽  
Inmaculada Aznar Díaz ◽  
María Cáceres Reche ◽  
Juan Trujillo Torres ◽  
Gerardo Gómez García
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Further Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Students Attitudes

Pollution is shown as the environmental challenge, which has the greatest impact on global climate change. Faced with this situation, numerous environmental summits agree on the fact that Environmental Education needs to be implemented within the different disciplines and educational institutions. Therefore, Further Education must foster the research and management of environmental education with the aim of developing responsible citizens with sustainable attitudes. Based on this idea, this paper aimed to analyse the attitudes in Further Education students towards different situations and habits linked to pollution, as well as some of its varied typologies (chemical pollution, acoustic pollution and management of solid urban waste and rubbish). To achieve this, a sample of 307 students from different degrees of Preschool and Primary Education was included, using a questionnaire as a measuring instrument. The methodology of the study was both descriptive, through the analysis of its measures, and inferential, with the preparation of a confirmatory conceptual model through the structural equation model (SEM). Results revealed that students are highly concerned about the different situations proposed, and that the predictive model forges strong correlations between the four variables of the study. Hence, the study focused on the idea of trying to enhance environmental awareness in the groups of students from different educational phases, to subsequently foster the implementation of specific actions aimed at preserving and conserving natural resources, and to guide society towards sustainable development.

scholarly journals Parenting and Future Anxiety: The Impact of Having a Child with Developmental Disabilities

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Bujnowska ◽  
Celestino Rodríguez ◽  
Trinidad García ◽  
Débora Areces ◽  
Nigel Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disabilities ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
General Level ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lower Education ◽  
The Impact

This study examined differences in future anxiety (FA) among mothers and fathers of children with and without developmental disabilities (DD), and it also analyzed differences in FA within the group of parents of children with DD taking into consideration parent-related factors and child-related factors. A group of 167 parents of children with DD were compared to a group of 103 parents of children with typical development. The group with DD included children with autism spectrum disorders, sensory disorders, and intellectual disability. Parents completed the Future Anxiety Scale-FAS1. Mothers of children with DD had a higher general level of FA than fathers of children with and without DD. Mothers of children with DD reported higher anxiety about their future health and the meaning of their future life than fathers of children with DD. For parents of children with DD, those with lower education, male children, and older children reported higher FA. The group at risk of highest general FA are mothers of children with DD, especially those without a professional career. Similarly, parents of teenagers and/or sons with DD are at increased risk of FA.

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