Representations of health, illness and care by Eastern European, South American and Italian nurses: A qualitative study

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 640-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Velotti ◽  
Cecilia Serena Pace ◽  
Chiara Petrocchi ◽  
Giulio Cesare Zavattini

This qualitative study analyses the social representations of health, illness and care, considering the similarities and differences between 30 nurses from different regions. We conducted three intra-ethnic focus groups and two inter-ethnic focus groups. This study shows similarities between the nurses’ representations. All participants believed that the psychological sphere affects individual’s health, that disease is an imbalance between physical and psychological factors and that interpersonal aspects are essential for care. Differences emerged regarding many facets. Eastern European nurses placed more importance on psychological aspects, South American nurses emphasised interpersonal relationships and Italian nurses focused their attention on economic aspects and their impact on health, illness and care.

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Serena Pace ◽  
Patrizia Velotti ◽  
Giulio Cesare Zavattini

This qualitative research examined the representations of health and illness presented by 30 individuals who work as care workers, from three different locations: Eastern Europe, South America and Italy. We led three focus groups for people who came from the same geographical area (intra-ethnic) and two for those from ‘mixed’ areas (inter-ethnic). From our content analyses, certain similarities and differences between the conceptualizations of health and illness emerged: in the intra-ethnic focus groups, Eastern Europeans focused on ‘inner strengths’, South Americans on ‘love’ and Italians on ‘personal autonomy’. These peculiar traits were levelled in the inter-ethnic focus groups.


2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diene Monique Carlos ◽  
Maria das Graças Carvalho Ferriani ◽  
Michelly Rodrigues Esteves ◽  
Lygia Maria Pereira da Silva ◽  
Liliana Scatena

Objective: Assess the understanding of adolescents regarding the social support received in situations of domestic violence. Method: A qualitative study with data collection carried out through focus groups with 17 adolescent victims of domestic violence, institutionally welcomed in Campinas-SP, and through semi-structured interviews with seven of these adolescents. Information was analyzed by content analysis, thematic modality. Results: Observing the thematic categories it was found that social support for the subjects came from the extended family, the community, the Guardianship Council, the interpersonal relationships established at the user embracement institution and from the religiosity/spirituality. Conclusion: The mentioned sources of support deserve to be enhanced and expanded. With the current complexity of the morbidity and mortality profiles, especially in children and adolescents, the (re)signification and the (re)construction of health actions is imperative.




2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Ralrizônia Fernandes Sousa ◽  
Sílvio Éder Dias Da Silva ◽  
Esleane Vilela Vasconcelos ◽  
Lucialba Maria Silva Dos Santos ◽  
Vander Monteiro Da Conceição ◽  
...  

Objetivou-se identificar o significado dos olhos nas representações sociais de clientes transplantados de córnea e suas implicações para o cuidado de si. Tratase de uma pesquisa descritiva qualitativa, adotando a Teoria das Representações Sociais na perspectiva de Moscovici. Fizeram parte deste estudo, 15 clientes submetidos a transplantes de córnea e que se encontravam em acompanhamento no Consultório de Oftalmologia do Ambulatório do Hospital Ophir Loyola, em Belém, PA. Os depoentes atribuíram significados diversos aos seus olhos, substanciados por sentimentos de tristeza e insatisfação, que contribuíram para mudanças significativas no cuidado de si. Há necessidade de se cogitar sobre o compromisso do enfermeiro com o cliente transplantado de córnea que, muitas vezes, encontra-se fragilizado, necessitando de um olhar mais atento.Descritores: Enfermagem, Transplante de Córnea, Cuidado de Si.Eye on the meaning of social representations corneal transplantation customers and it’s implications for the care of youThe aim of this study was to identify the meaning of the eyes of customers in the social representations of corneal transplant and its implications for self-care. It is a descriptive and qualitative study, adopting the Social Representation Theory in the context of Moscovici. The sample comprised 15 clients who underwent corneal transplantation and were followed up in the office of the Ophthalmology Clinic of the Ophir Loyola Hospital, in Belem, Pará. The respondents attributed different meanings to their eyes; substantiated by feelings of sadness and dissatisfaction, that contributed to significant changes in self-care. There is need to think about the commitment of the nurse with the client cornea transplant, which often is fragile, requiring a closer look.Descriptors: Nursing, Corneal Transplantation, Self-care.Los ojos sobre el significado de los clientes representataciones sociales transplante de córnea y sus conscuencias para el cuidad de ustedEl objetivo fue identificar el significado de los ojos de los clientes en las representaciones sociales de trasplante de córnea y sus implicaciones para el autocuidado. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo cualitativo, adoptando laTeoría de las Representaciones Sociales en el contexto de Moscovici. La muestra es compuesta por 15 clientes que se sometieron a trasplante de córnea que se siguió en la oficina de la Clínica de Oftalmología del Hospital Ophir Loyola, en Belem, Pará. Los encuestados atribuyen diferentes significados a sus ojos, motivada por sentimientos de tristeza e insatisfacción, que han contribuido a cambios significativos en el auto-cuidado. Hay que pensar en el compromiso de la enfermera con el trasplante de cornea del cliente, que a menudo es frágil, lo que requiere una mirada más cercana.Descriptores: Enfermería, Trasplante de Córnea, Cuidar de si.


Author(s):  
Auxiliadora González Portillo ◽  
Germán Jaráiz Arroyo

Las políticas de inclusión social han sido analizadas desde muy diferentes perspectivas, pero en este artículo queremos presentar el análisis de las mismas desde el marco del Análisis del Discurso y la Lexicometría. Para ello nos hemos centrado en el discurso de dos de sus principales actores, aquellos que las diseñan (políticos) y aquellos que las ejecutan (técnicos), recogidos mediante entrevistas en profundidad y grupos focales que se hicieron en el trabajo de campo de un proyecto de investigación más amplio sobre la Políticas Sociales autonómicas en financiado por el por el Ministerio de Economía y Empresa (MIMECO) de España, en la convocatoria de proyectos de Investigación+Desarrollo 2014-2017. Para el análisis del discurso desde parámetros léxicos hemos utilizado el software Iramuteq, el cual, mediante un sistema de codificación y de análisis multidimensional estadístico, nos permite profundizar y categorizar los mundos léxicos presentes en los discursos. En este caso, establecemos una comparativa entre los mundos léxicos de los políticos y de los técnicos con respecto a las políticas de inclusión social en Andalucía. El resultado de la aplicación de esta metodología pone de manifiesto, en un primer momento, la oportunidad que ofrece la lexicometría como una primera forma de acercamiento a las representaciones sociales de los distintos actores, que posteriormente habrán de ser analizados en mayor profundidad con otras metodologías cualitativas. En un segundo momento, ya centrado en el caso analizado, la investigación nos muestra la presencia de dos discursos sobre las políticas de inclusión social en función del perfil del actor que lo enuncia, comprobándose en muchos casos, la distancia entre la percepción teórica (políticos) y la percepción pragmática (técnicos), así como la necesidad de que ambos sean compartidos en aras de una mejora de la eficacia de las políticas de inclusión social.Social inclusion policies have been analyzed from very different perspectives, but in this article we want to present their analysis from the framework of Discourse Analysis and Lexicometry. To this end, we have focused on the discourse of two of its main actors, those who design them (politicians) and those who execute them (technicians), collected through in-depth interviews and focus groups that were done in the field work of a broader research project on autonomous Social Policies funded by MIMECO in the call for R&D projects (2014-2017). For the analysis of discourse from lexical parameters we have used the Iramuteq software, which, through a system of coding and statistical multidimensional analysis, allows us to deepen and categorize the lexical worlds present in the discourse. In this case, we establish a comparison between the lexical worlds of politicians and technicians with respect to social inclusion policies in Andalusia. The result of the application of this methodology shows, at first, the opportunity offered by lexicometry as a first way of approaching the social representations of the different actors, which will later have to be analysed in greater depth with other qualitative methodologies. In a second moment, already centred on the case analysed, the research shows us the presence of two discourses on social inclusion policies according to the profile of the actor who enunciates them, proving in many cases the distance between the theoretical (political) perception and the pragmatic (technical) perception, as well as the need for both to be shared in order to improve the effectiveness of social inclusion policies.


Communication ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Hoffman ◽  
Javier Ponce-Terashima

Focus groups are a research method using multi-person interviews to generate qualitative data from participants’ interaction. The purpose is to induce conversation between participants to answer questions relevant to the study goals. In contrast to one-on-one interviews that are also widely used in qualitative research, the source of the data is in the “interaction” between participants, including similarities and differences between their experiences, opinions, and perceptions. This helps researchers understand not just what the participants think about a topic, but also why they think that way. Focus groups can cover a wide range of topics that are skillfully “moderated” by the researcher. The earliest known focus groups can be traced to Bogardus in 1926 and Robert Merton and Paul Lazarsfeld in 1941 but did not take hold as a qualitative method in the social sciences for another twenty-five years. Since then, a significant body of knowledge has been created; since the late 20th century, more than twenty-five thousand peer-reviewed, published articles using focus groups have been published. This article will focus on uses within the realm of published scholarly research although focus groups are routinely used within the field of market and consumer research, and additional gray literature may be found in other sources.


Author(s):  
Joyce da Costa Silveira de Camargo ◽  
Régia Cristina Oliveira ◽  
Andiara Rodrigues de Souza ◽  
Kelly Cristina Máxima Pereira Venâncio ◽  
Vitória Karen Raimundo ◽  
...  

This text is part of a research carried out between 2015 and 2016 aimed to investigate the social representations developed by women who gave birth in water about this type of birth. This is a qualitative study carried out with women who experienced waterbirth in a public and private hospital in Portugal. This article is part of this research, seeking to focus on an important theme seized in this investigation: obstetric violence. We seek to discuss the forms of obstetric violence present in the reports of women who have experienced waterbirth. Methodologically, the research was qualitative, using the snowball technique for access to participants and interviews with them. As a result, the existence of resistance and reactions of women is highlighted who, by naming the practices of obstetric violence, including disrespect in the birth scenario, sought to break in different ways with the asymmetry of the relationship with the child health professional, either by silencing and seeking contact with another professional in the care relationship or by denying the impositions to which they were submitted.


Author(s):  
Constance Mambet Doue ◽  
Oscar Navarro Carrascal ◽  
Diego Restrepo ◽  
Nathalie Krien ◽  
Delphine Rommel ◽  
...  

Purpose Based on social representation theory, this study aims to evaluate and analyze the similarities and differences between social representations of climate change held by people living in two territories, which have in common that they are exposed to coastal risks but have different socio-cultural contexts: on the one hand, Cartagena (Colombia) and on the other, Guadeloupe (French overseas department, France). Design/methodology/approach A double approach, both quantitative and qualitative, of social representation theory was adopted. The data collection was undertaken in two phases. First, the content and organization of social representation of climate change (SRCC) was examined with a quantitative study of 946 participants for both countries, followed by a qualitative study of 63 participants for both countries also. Findings The study finds unicity in the SRCC for the quantitative study. In contrast, the qualitative study highlights differences at the level of the institutional anchoring of the climate change phenomenon in these two different socioeconomic and political contexts. Practical implications These results are relevant for a reflection in terms of public policies for the prevention and management of collective natural risks, as well as for the promotion of ecological behavior adapted to political and ideological contexts. Originality/value The use of a multi-methodological approach (quantitative and qualitative) in the same research is valuable to confirm the importance of an in-depth study of the social representations of climate change because of the complexity of the phenomenon.


2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 541-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katy Greenland ◽  
Eleni Andreouli ◽  
Martha Augoustinos ◽  
Richard Taulke-Johnson

Most people agree that discrimination is wrong, but the boundary between ‘discrimination’ and ‘not discrimination’ is often highly contested in everyday practice. We explore the social representations of ‘discrimination’ as an object of study in qualitative interviews and focus groups with both minority (self-identified as BAME [Black, Asian, and minority ethnic] and/or gay men) and majority (self-identified as White and/or heterosexual) participants ( n = 54). Our analysis suggests three repeated and pervasive argumentative lines in social representations of discrimination: (1) that there are two distinct kinds of discrimination (hard vs. soft), (2) that you need to understand the intention of the actor(s), and (3) that a claim of discrimination requires strong evidence. We outline the macro Functions of these resources to argue that each was non-performative: They appeared to be tools to make claims of discrimination, but in practice they were much more effective at making claims of what was not discrimination.


2020 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuani Magalhães Guimarães ◽  
Sandra Teixeira de Araújo Pacheco ◽  
Michelle Darezzo Rodrigues Nunes ◽  
Liliane Faria da Silva

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the perception of adolescents with cancer undergoing palliative cares about their illness process. Method: An exploratory and qualitative study, per formed at a federal public hospital specialized in oncology disease in Rio de Janeiro, through interviews with nine adolescents aged 12 to 20 years old, from July to August 2017. Data was submitted to thematic analysis and the theoretical framework was Hildegard Peplau's Theory of Interpersonal Relationships Results: Three categories emerged: Living the difficult moment of the trajectory of the disease; Feeling the social isolation and that life has stopped; and Overcoming the difficult stage of the disease. They addressed the trajectory of the disease since the diagnosis, with the awakening of feelings of isolation and stagnation of life. Moreover, they highlighted the overcoming power of these adolescents. Final considerations: The study made it possible to know the difficulties experienced during the course of the disease, providing subsidies for the practice of nurses to happen in a sensitive, individualized manner and focused on the individual's need thus enhancing comfort and quality of life.


2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3069
Author(s):  
Khesia Kelly Cardoso Matos ◽  
Susanne Pinheiro Costa e Silva ◽  
Juciara Karla de Souza Lima

RESUMOObjetivo: compreender as representações sociais de gestantes e puérperas encarceradas sobre o gestar enquanto vivendo em Colônias Penais. Método: trata-se de estudo qualitativo, embasado no referencial teórico-metodológico das Representações Sociais, com 19 mulheres encarceradas em Colônias Penais. Utilizaram-se, como instrumentos de coleta de dados, um formulário e entrevistas grupais em que se analisaram os dados pelos softwares SPSS e Iramuteq. Resultados: marcaram-se as representações da gestação durante o encarceramento pela ausência de serviços e infraestrutura, com pré-natal falho e dificuldades para a realização de exames, além da dicotomia entre querer estar com o filho, mas ter que criá-lo em tal ambiente. Caracteriza-se gestar na prisão pela não aceitação, gerando-se atitudes de negação, embora o afeto pelo filho acompanhe as presidiárias e acalente essa realidade. Conclusão: evidenciou-se a necessidade de repensar o atendimento de saúde na prisão contribuindo-se para a efetivação de políticas públicas e garantindo-se os direitos daqueles que se encontram atrás das grades, especialmente mulheres e crianças. Descritores: Representações Sociais; Gravidez; Prisões; Afeto; Carência Psicossocial; Família.ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the social representations of pregnant and puerperal women imprisoned about gestating while living in Colonial Penins. Method: this is a qualitative study, based on the theoretical and methodological reference of the Social Representations, with 19 women incarcerated in Colonial Penins. As a data collection instrument, a form and group interviews were used in which the data was analyzed by SPSS and Iramuteq software. Results: pregnancy representations were made during incarceration due to lack of services and infrastructure, with prenatal failure and difficulties to perform exams, besides the dichotomy between wanting to be with the child, but having to create it in such a way environment. It is characterized to gestate in the prison by the non acceptance, generating attitudes of negation, although the affection by the son accompanies the inmates and cherishes this reality. Conclusion: the need to rethink health care in prison was evidenced, contributing to the implementation of public policies and guaranteeing the rights of those behind bars, especially women and children. Descriptors: Social Representations; Pregnancy; Prisons; Affection; Psychosocial Deprivation; Family. RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las representaciones sociales de gestantes y puérperas encarceladas sobre el gestar mientras vivía en Colonias Penales. Método: se trata de un estudio cualitativo, basado en el referencial teórico-metodológico de las Representaciones Sociales, con 19 mujeres encarceladas en Colonias Penales. Se utilizaron, como instrumentos de recolección de datos, un formulario y entrevistas grupales en que se analizaron los datos por los softwares SPSS e Iramuteq. Resultados: se marcaron las representaciones de la gestación durante el encarcelamiento por la ausencia de servicios e infraestructura, con prenatal fallido y dificultades para la realización de exámenes, además de la dicotomía entre querer estar con el hijo, pero tener que crearlo en tal medio ambiente. Se caracteriza por gestar en la cárcel por la no aceptación, generándose actitudes de negación, aunque el afecto por el hijo acompaña a las presidiarias y acalenta esa realidad. Conclusión: se evidenció la necesidad de repensar la atención de salud en la cárcel contribuyéndose a la efectivación de políticas públicas y garantizándose los derechos de aquellos que se encuentran detrás de las rejas, especialmente mujeres y niños. Descriptores: Representación Sociales; Embarazo; Prisiones; Afecto; Carencia Psicosocial; Familia. 


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