scholarly journals Flipped healthcare for better or worse

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Vallo Hult ◽  
Anders Hansson ◽  
Lars Svensson ◽  
Martin Gellerstedt
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Resident Physicians ◽  
Clinical Scenarios ◽  
Online Sources

The medical profession is highly specialized, demanding continuous learning, while also undergoing rapid development in the rise of data-driven healthcare. Based on clinical scenarios, this study explores how resident physicians view their roles and practices in relation to informed patients and patient-centric digital technologies. The paper illustrates how the new role of patients alters physicians’ work and use of data to learn and update their professional practice. It suggests new possibilities for developing collegial competence and using patient experiences more systematically. Drawing on the notion of flipped healthcare, we argue that there is a need for new professional competencies in everyday data work, along with a change in attitudes, newly defined roles, and better ways to identify and develop reliable online sources. Finally, the role of patients, not only as consumers but also producers of healthcare, is a rather formidable and complex cultural change to be addressed.

scholarly journals Data-Driven Campaigning in the 2015 United Kingdom General Election

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Anstead
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
The United States ◽  
General Election ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
British Politics ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Depth Interviews

While we know something of data-driven campaigning practices in the United States, we know much less about the role of data in other national contexts. The 2015 United Kingdom General Election offers an important case study of how such practices are evolving and being deployed in a different setting. This article draws on thirty-one in-depth interviews with political practitioners involved in the use of data for six major UK parties and electoral regulators. These interviews are employed to explore the perceived importance of data in contemporary British campaigns, to understand the data-based campaign techniques being used by UK parties, and to assess how data-driven practices are interacting with the preexisting institutional context of British politics. Going beyond the specifics of the UK case, this study raises questions about the comparative, theoretical, and normative dimensions of data-driven politics.

COVID and social media

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Manish Puri ◽  
Zachary Dau ◽  
Aparna S. Varde
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Data Science ◽  
The Public ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The Government ◽  
Key Resources ◽  
Online Sources

The Coronavirus pandemic is one of the most devastating encounters in modern times. Over 175 million cases have been recorded globally with over 3.5 million deaths. Disseminating information to billions of people during the pandemic has been challenging, and social media has been one of the key resources for the public during these excruciating circumstances. Social media and other online sources have made it easier to access information on a variety of topics. This article presents an exploration of social media trends pertinent to information on the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of several technological advances, as well as methods for evaluating their effectiveness in combating COVID-19. We examine global case studies on the use of data from various sources to tackle COVID-19, address the issue of trust between the government and the public, and shed light on the manner in which it influences the public perception of information. We delve into the role of advances in web technology and data science in curbing COVID-19 while also touching upon the impacts in the field of smart living and healthcare. We examine studies from regions around the world, explore how the pandemic has affected people from different walks of life, and peek into the utilization of advances for disseminating information as well as curbing the spread of the virus. Additionally, we briefly discuss how the works investigated here can open pathways of research to help in further enhancing the situation as we all head towards the light at the end of the tunnel, and strive to restore global normalcy.

Datafication research: Mapping the field for a future agenda

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110466
Author(s):  
Sofie Flensburg ◽  
Stine Lomborg
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Communication Research ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Current State ◽  
User Perspectives

A growing body of research centers around the concept of “datafication” suggesting a buzz around data studies and, perhaps, the emergence of a research field. This article analyzes and discusses the current state of datafication research. Our dataset comprises 463 publications on datafication identified through a systematic literature search in Web of Science and Scopus, an explorative network analysis of keyword co-occurrences and a content analysis of these publications. We map datafication research interests in various research fields, find that the majority of studies are theoretically oriented, whereas empirical analyses largely apply qualitative approaches and rarely make use of data-driven methods. We suggest studies on datafication can be devised into categories reflecting research interests in either user understandings and practices or in infrastructure and technological processes of datafication. The latter strand is particularly sparse in empirical anchoring, and needs empirical and methodological attention. We conclude by outlining three paths for future datafication research to cross-pollinate infrastructural and user perspectives, highlighting the bridging role of communication research in such an endeavor.

scholarly journals Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children and Adolescents: The New Challenge

2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Christensen ◽  
Sahar M. Rashed ◽  
Julie Sinclair ◽  
Patricia A. Cowan ◽  
Pedro Velasquez-Mieyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Oral Agents ◽  
Diet And Exercise

The epidemic increase in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents is presenting enormous challenges to the medical profession. The combination of factors such as obesity, ethnicity, puberty, and genetic predisposition has contributed to the development of T2DM in younger ages. These factors affect the regulatory mechanism of insulin secretion, insulin action, and hepatic gluconeogenesis. In contrast to adults, children appear to have a shorter latency to disease, a more rapid development of symptoms, and an increased ketoacidosis. There are limited therapeutic options to prevent or manage T2DM in children. Although the role of diet and exercise (lifestyle intervention) has not been adequately evaluated in children, they will remain important adjuncts in the prevention and treatment of T2DM. Insulin and metformin are currently the only approved medications for the treatment of T2DM in children. Clinical trials involving other oral agents used in adults are currently being conducted to evaluate their safety and efficacy in children.

Are Numbers Not Trusted in a “Post-Truth” Era? An Experiment on the Impact of Data on News Credibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 179-195
Author(s):  
Y. Roselyn Du ◽  
Lingzi Zhu ◽  
Benjamin K. L. Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
News Production ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
News Credibility ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Data Visualizations ◽  
Positive Effect

The term “post-truth” was declared by Oxford Dictionaries to be its 2016 “International Word of the Year,” signifying the advent of a so-called post-truth era with rising misinformation and declining trust in media. Meanwhile, the “age of data” has seen a proliferation of big data alongside an increase in data-driven journalism, which is one critical way to make professional journalists distinctive with the production of fact-based, authoritative news. Using devised variations of one news report as stimuli, this experiment involves five test groups to determine whether data and data visualizations impact the perceived credibility of news. Results show that only when accompanied by visualizations does the use of data have a positive effect. Findings suggest the necessity and significant role of data visualizations in news production. The study also reveals that increased use of data components in the news does not always contribute to its audience’s perception of news credibility.

scholarly journals DATA DRIVEN PERFORMANCE EVALUATION IN SHIPBUILDING

Brodogradnja ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Umran Bilen ◽  
◽  
Sebnem Helvacioglu
Keyword(s):  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Estimation Algorithm ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Evaluation Of Performance

Rapid development in data science keeps paving the way for use of data for many purposes in shipbuilding, both for product development and production, such as Industry 4.0 have been developing many industries. Similar to other industries the evaluation of performance in shipbuilding is the key to success which is closely connected to productivity and lowered costs. Data mining and analysis techniques are used to create effective algorithms to evaluate the performance, also by means of cost estimation based on parametric methods. However, it is usually not very clear how data are collected, organised and prepared for analysing and deriving valuable knowledge as well as algorithms. In most of the cases, having this data requires either continuous investment in expensive software or expensive external expertise which are generally not available for small and medium size shipyards. In this study, considering the needs of the small and medium sized shipyards, a step-by-step methodology is proposed which could be easily applied with widely available low budget software. The application is demonstrated with a case to evaluate the performance of early phase structural design with a data driven cost estimation algorithm.

scholarly journals Healthcare scandals and the failings of doctors

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Mannion ◽  
Huw Davies ◽  
Martin Powell ◽  
John Blenkinsopp ◽  
Ross Millar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Documentary Analysis ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Public Inquiry ◽  
Systemic Factors ◽  
Uk National Health Service ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore whether official inquiries are an effective method for holding the medical profession to account for failings in the quality and safety of care. Design/methodology/approach Through a review of the theoretical literature on professions and documentary analysis of key public inquiry documents and reports in the UK National Health Service (NHS) the authors examine how the misconduct of doctors can be understood using the metaphor of professional wrongdoing as a product of bad apples, bad barrels or bad cellars. Findings The wrongdoing literature tends to present an uncritical assumption of increasing sophistication in analysis, as the focus moves from bad apples (individuals) to bad barrels (organisations) and more latterly to bad cellars (the wider system). This evolution in thinking about wrongdoing is also visible in public inquiries, as analysis and recommendations increasingly tend to emphasise cultural and systematic issues. Yet, while organisational and systemic factors are undoubtedly important, there is a need to keep in sight the role of individuals, for two key reasons. First, there is growing evidence that a small number of doctors may be disproportionately responsible for large numbers of complaints and concerns. Second, there is a risk that the role of individual professionals in drawing attention to wrongdoing is being neglected. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge this is the first theoretical and empirical study specifically exploring the role of NHS inquiries in holding the medical profession to account for failings in professional practice.

scholarly journals Content analysis of 150 years of British periodicals

2017 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. E457-E465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lansdall-Welfare ◽  
Saatviga Sudhahar ◽  
James Thompson ◽  
Justin Lewis ◽  
Nello Cristianini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Named Entities ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Continuity And Change ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Regional Newspapers

Previous studies have shown that it is possible to detect macroscopic patterns of cultural change over periods of centuries by analyzing large textual time series, specifically digitized books. This method promises to empower scholars with a quantitative and data-driven tool to study culture and society, but its power has been limited by the use of data from books and simple analytics based essentially on word counts. This study addresses these problems by assembling a vast corpus of regional newspapers from the United Kingdom, incorporating very fine-grained geographical and temporal information that is not available for books. The corpus spans 150 years and is formed by millions of articles, representing 14% of all British regional outlets of the period. Simple content analysis of this corpus allowed us to detect specific events, like wars, epidemics, coronations, or conclaves, with high accuracy, whereas the use of more refined techniques from artificial intelligence enabled us to move beyond counting words by detecting references to named entities. These techniques allowed us to observe both a systematic underrepresentation and a steady increase of women in the news during the 20th century and the change of geographic focus for various concepts. We also estimate the dates when electricity overtook steam and trains overtook horses as a means of transportation, both around the year 1900, along with observing other cultural transitions. We believe that these data-driven approaches can complement the traditional method of close reading in detecting trends of continuity and change in historical corpora.

Tax evasion in the medical profession An Empirical Study in the General Tax Authority in Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Ramyar Rzgar Ahmed ◽  
Hawkar Qasim Birdawod ◽  
S. Rabiyathul Basariya
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Tax Law ◽  
Degree Of Confidence ◽  
Medical Professions ◽  
Shed Light

The study dealt with tax evasion in the medical profession, where the problem was the existence of many cases of tax evasion, especially tax evasion in the income tax of medical professions. The aim of the study is to try to shed light on the phenomenon of tax evasion and the role of the tax authority in the development of controls and means that reduce the phenomenon of tax evasion. The most important results of the low level of tax awareness and lack of knowledge of the tax law and the unwillingness to read it and the sense of taxpayers unfairness of the tax all lead to an increase in cases of tax evasion and in suggested tightening control and follow-up on the offices of auditors, through the investigation and auditing The reports of certified accountants and the use of computers for this purpose in order to raise the degree of confidence in these reports and bring them closer to the required truth and coordination and cooperation with the Union of Accountants and Auditors and inform them about each case of violations of the auditors and accountants N because of its great influence in the rejection of the organization of the accounts and not to ratify fake accounts lead to show taxpayers accounts on a non-truth in order to tax evasion.

Mr. and Mrs. Smith: A Student Introduction to Federal Tax Compliance and Documentation

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaele L. Morrow ◽  
Shane R. Stinson
Keyword(s):  
Communication Skills ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Personal Income Tax ◽  
Initial Information ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Client Advocacy ◽  
Tax Practice

ABSTRACT In this case, students assume the role of new accounting staff tasked with the preparation of a personal income tax return and supporting documentation for a client of their firm. Students are provided prior year work papers and client communications, a copy of the prior year's tax return, as well as a letter and supporting documents from the client for the current year. To complete the case, students generate questions based on the initial information provided, meet face-to-face with the client, and roll forward a set of electronic work papers before submitting a complete current year engagement file for senior review. This case adds work papers and client interaction to the traditional tax compliance case to reinforce both the technical and communication skills valued in professional practice. The formulation of questions for the client also allows students to practice discussing technical topics in a non-technical manner and underscores the required balance between attitudes of client advocacy stressed in professional tax practice and legal requirements for “good-faith” tax return reporting. This case is appropriate for an individual income tax course at either the undergraduate or graduate level, and can be easily adapted to increase or decrease difficulty.

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