The role of impulsivity, social relations online and offline, and compulsive Internet use in cyberaggression: A four-country study

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110094
Author(s):  
Izabela Zych ◽  
Markus Kaakinen ◽  
Iina Savolainen ◽  
Anu Sirola ◽  
Hye-Jin Paek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Social Predictors ◽  
Harmful Behavior

Cyberaggression is a harmful behavior, but cross-national studies on cyberaggression including relations among its individual and social predictors are limited. This study aimed to discover the direct and indirect relations among individual and social predictors of cyberaggression in socio-demographically balanced survey data set of 4816 15–25-year-old participants from Finland ( n = 1200, 50.0% female), South Korea ( n = 1192, 50.34% female), Spain ( n = 1212, 48.76% female), and the United States ( n = 1212, 50.17% female). Both, impulsivity and involvement in online cliques (i.e., identity bubbles) were related to more cyberaggression in the four countries. The relation between impulsivity and cyberaggression was partially mediated by compulsive Internet use in Finland, Spain, and the United States, but not in South Korea. The relation between identity bubble involvement and cyberaggression was mediated via compulsive Internet use only in the Spanish sample. Findings of this study can be used for policy and practice against cyberaggression.

scholarly journals Prospects for the development of innovative nano- and biotechnologies

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Nadiia Bielikova ◽  
Ivan Yaroshenko
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Basic Characteristic ◽  
The United States ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
The World ◽  
Interdisciplinary Nature ◽  
Technological Mode

Nano- and biotechnologies are the key elements of the complex of NBIC-technologies, developed within the concept of continuous growth of innovations in the context of the transition to the sixth technological mode. The purpose of the article is to study the prospects for the development of nano- and biotechnologies in various sectors of the economy, as well as explore opportunities for accelerating the commercialization of research results in these areas. The article’s relevance is confirmed by the strengthening of the role of nano- and biotechnologies in the sphere of innovation development of countries worldwide. The results of the study have shown that the nanotechnology market has a divergent structure, and the basic characteristic of nanoproducts is their interdisciplinary nature. The world leaders in the production and commercialization of nanotechnologies are the United States, China, Japan, Germany and South Korea. Biotechnologies are developing rapidly as well. Worldwide, the largest number of biotechnologies is created in areas such as health care (biomedicine and biopharmaceuticals), industry and agriculture. The leading countries in the field of development and commercialization of biotechnologies are the United States, France, Germany and South Korea.

Guns and Suicide

Pained ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 159-162
Author(s):  
Michael D. Stein ◽  
Sandro Galea
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Simple Observation ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Time Period ◽  
National Conversation ◽  
Lethal Means ◽  
Commit Suicide

This chapter examines whether limiting the means to commit suicide can prevent suicide. South Korea has long had suicide rates higher than other high-income countries. In the 2006–2010 time period, suicide by pesticides accounted for more than a fifth of all suicides in the country. Then South Korea banned the sale of paraquat—the leading pesticide—in 2012. This was followed by an immediate decline in suicide rates across all groups. The success of such an effort rests on a simple observation: close to half of all suicides are acts of impulse, decided with an hour, if not a few minutes, before the suicide itself. This means that having access to lethal means matters enormously. And lethality varies between means. The likelihood of a successful suicide by drug overdose is less than 10%; the likelihood of successful suicide by gun is more than 90%. That means, with guns around, the suicidal impulse is much more likely to end in the act’s completion. It is not surprising then, given how many guns there are in the country, that firearms account for about half of all suicides in the United States. As such, as people discuss suicide, measures to limit the role of guns should be part of the national conversation.

Venture Philanthropy and Teacher Education Policy in the U.S.: The Role of the New Schools Venture Fund

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Zeichner ◽  
César Peña-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Current System ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Schools ◽  
Venture Philanthropy ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
The U.S

Background & Purpose This article focuses on the growing role of venture philanthropy in shaping policy and practice in teacher education in the United States. Our goal is to bring a greater level of transparency to private influences on public policy and to promote greater discussion and debate in the public arena about alternative solutions to current problems. In this article, we focus on the role of one of the most influential private groups in the United States that invests in education, the New Schools Venture Fund (NSVF), in promoting deregulation and market-based policies. Research Design We examine the changing role of philanthropy in education and the role of the NSVF in developing and promoting a bill in the U.S. Congress (the GREAT Act) that would create a system throughout the nation of charter teacher and principal preparation programs called academies. In assessing the wisdom of the GREAT Act, we examine the warrant for claims that education schools have failed in their mission to educate teachers well and the corresponding narrative that entrepreneurial programs emanating from the private sector are the solution. Conclusions We reject both the position that the status quo in teacher education is acceptable (a position held by what we term “defenders”) and the position that the current system needs to be “blown up” and replaced by a market economy (“reformers”). We suggest a third position (“transformers”) that we believe will strengthen the U.S. system of public teacher education and provide everyone's children with high-quality teachers. We conclude with a call for more trenchant dialogue about the policy options before us and for greater transparency about the ways that private interests are influencing public policy and practice in teacher education.

Cuds and Snipes: Labor at Chicago's Auditorium Building, 1887–1889

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT TWOMBLY
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Construction Process ◽  
Work Of Art

Historians are more likely to examine monumental buildings as finished products than as processes of construction. Chicago's Auditorium Building was monumentality itself: upon completion in 1890 it was the largest edifice in the United States, and an exceptionally elegant one. Though often discussed as a work of art, an urban icon, and a measure of regional accomplishment, it has yet to be considered as a nexus of social relations. For monument appraisal tends to overlook the role of labor – including its relations with capital – that is not only inherent to the construction process, but that in this instance also affected Chicago's future. It was precisely the Auditorium's monumentality that prompted local trade unions to develop new tactics that yielded unprecedented results.

The Effectiveness of US Nonproliferation Policy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas L. Miller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Universe

This chapter assess the effectiveness of US nonproliferation policy, in particular the role of sanctions policies adopted in the 1970s. It demonstrates via statistical analysis that states dependent on the United States have been significantly less likely to initiate nuclear weapons programs, but only after the adoption of credible sanctions policies in 1976. It also examines the universe of US and multilateral nonproliferation sanctions episodes, showing that sanctions against ongoing nuclear weapons programs have tended to succeed only under one of two conditions—when the proliferator depended on the United States and underestimated the risk of sanctions (South Korea, Taiwan), or faced unexpectedly stiff multilateral sanctions (South Africa, Iraq, Iran).

Pre- and Midtrial Publicity in the Age of Internet and Social Media

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarika Daftary-Kapur ◽  
Steven D. Penrod
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Juror Decision Making ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Internet And Social Media

Although juror misconduct has always been a concern, the prevalence of technology available to jurors has increased the ease with which jurors can improperly communicate with others, publish information regarding the trial, and conduct outside research on the case. This chapter discusses the role of the Internet and social media in the courtroom and how access to this information in the form of midtrial publicity might impact juror decision-making. Additionally, it discusses steps that have been taken by courts around the United States to address the issue of Internet use by jurors as well as recommendations to limit the impact of the Internet and social media on juror decision-making.

scholarly journals Practice of Faith under COVID-19: Exceptional Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 306-316
Author(s):  
David Emmanuel Singh
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Included here are some cases that highlight exceptional behaviour under the novel coronavirus (CV) pandemic that cuts across religious boundaries. The Christian cases were drawn from the United States and South Korea; Islamic cases were drawn both from India and Iran; and the Hindu and Sikh cases were highlighted from India. Of these, notably, Iran is a declared theocracy, whereas the United States and India are arguably contexts of rising Christian and Hindu theocracies. We are familiar with the evidence of the positive role of religions in society. This paper brings together exceptional cases where irrationality, control and selfishness trump wisdom and altruism. The evidence highlighted here shows that people are capable of suspending reason and behaving with a motive inspired by faith (often tarnished by the state’s intervention), even when it is clear there might be serious personal and social costs involved.

scholarly journals The Role of Centralization of Power in Combatting Pandemics

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Param Patel ◽  
Jay Sandesara
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Korea ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The World ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Control And Eradication

Advancements in technology have enabled humanity to be more interconnected than ever, strengthening our economies and promoting globalization. However, as seen in the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic, such a high degree of interconnectedness between nations and peoples allows infectious diseases to spread around the world at unprecedented rates. We have seen hundreds of nations attempt to combat the COVID-19 Pandemic in many different ways with varying amounts of success, from total isolation and quarantine to attempting to procure herd immunity through exposure. The People’s Republic of China, being the first nation to deal with the coronavirus pandemic set a new standard for disease identification, control and eradication by eliminating the disease completely within a matter of months. Method: This paper analyzes the coronavirus strategies of three major nations, China, South Korea, and the United States, by comparing the severity and types of measures taken to contain/prevent spread to the efficacy of those measures as seen in their respective curves. Results: From the analysis, it was clearly seen that having a high degree of power centralization with respect to the federal government as seen in China and South Korea along with minimal opposition from individual states, parties, and the legal system allowed for vastly more effective pandemic control as compared to libertarian nations with higher levels of autonomy for both lower levels of government and individuals such as what is seen in the United States of America.

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