Turn-allocation and gaze: A multimodal revision of the “current-speaker-selects-next” rule of the turn-taking system of conversation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-140
Author(s):  
Peter Auer
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
Speaker Selection ◽  
Empirical Foundation ◽  
A Current

It is argued in this paper that a multimodal analysis of turn-taking, one of the core areas of conversation analytic research, is needed and has to integrate gaze as one of the most central resources for allocating turns, and that new technologies are available that can provide a solid and reliable empirical foundation for this analysis. On the basis of eye-tracking data of spontaneous conversations, it is shown that gaze is the most ubiquitous next-speaker-selection technique. It can function alone or enhance other techniques. I also discuss the interrelationship between the strength for sequential projection and the choice of next-speaker-selection techniques by a current speaker. The appropriate consideration of gaze leads to a revision of the turn-taking model in that it reduces the domain of self-selection and expands that of the current-speaker-selects-next sub-rule. It also has consequences for the analysis of “simultaneous starts”.

scholarly journals On the role of gaze in the organization of turn-taking and sequence organization in interpreter-mediated dialogue

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Vranjes ◽  
Geert Brône ◽  
Kurt Feyaerts
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Gaze Direction ◽  
Multimodal Approach ◽  
Sequence Organization ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Speaker Selection ◽  
Mobile Eye Tracking

Abstract This paper contributes to the growing line of research that takes a multimodal approach in the study of interpreter-mediated dialogues. Drawing on insights from Conversation Analysis and multimodal analysis, we investigate how extended multi-unit turns unfold with interventions of an interpreter and, more specifically, what is the role of gaze in this process. The analysis is based on videos of interpreter-mediated dialogues (Dutch-Russian) recorded with mobile eye-tracking glasses. We argue that the interpreter’s gaze direction contributes both to the local management of turn-taking (next-speaker selection) and to sequence organization. More specifically, we show how interpreter’s gaze orientation bears on the negotiation of possible transition relevance places and how it contributes to the smooth continuation of the projected extended multi-unit turn.

scholarly journals Turn-Taking in Colloquial Indonesian

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Agus Subiyanto Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Repair Mechanism ◽  
Recording Technique ◽  
Informal Conversation ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
The Common ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
A Current ◽  
Participatory Observation

Participants in a conversation follow certain basic rules in obtaining turns. Some questions addressed in this paper are, firstly, how turns are allocated in Indonesian conversation. Secondly, what  are the signals given by a current speaker willing to yield to a next speaker (i.e. turn-yielding signals). Thirdly, what repair mechanism is  employed by the participants when the turn-taking procedures are broken. The data used in this study were taken from an informal conversation of four Indonesians from Jakarta. The data were collected by using a non-participatory observation with a recording technique. The analysis shows that the turn-taking system in the Indonesian language confirms the model of turn-taking system developed by Sacks et al (1974), covering the occurrence and the recurrence of speaker change, the overwhelming tendency for one party to talk at a time,the common occurrences of more than one speaker at a time, and the common switches of speakers with no gapsand no overlaps.

Power Relations In The Turn-Taking Of Interrogation Recorded By Net’s 86

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Muryantina
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Language And Power ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Tv Program ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker

<p><em>Abstrak - </em><strong>The research focuses on exploring the power relations that occur in the recording of interrogation between a policeman, two pickpocket suspects, and the victim (who was also the witness) publicized by NET Mediatama Indonesia via its tv program: <em>86</em>. The approach used to analyze the interrogation is the Conversation Analysis. Via Conversation Analysis, the researcher tries to reveal the structure of turn-taking in the interrogation and how this structure represents the power relations between the participants of conversation. The policeman, in this case, is presumed to be the man with higher power than the suspects and the victim, as he has the ability to control the behaviour of others while others cannot have such ability in the same area of behaviour (Meshtrie et. al 2009, p. 310). The analysis is then specified into determining the types of turn allocation: that current speaker selects the next speaker or that the next speaker selects himself (Liddicoat 2007, p. 63-67). The result of the analysis reveals that the patterns of turn allocation of the policeman are all self-selected. Meanwhile, the patterns of turn allocation of the suspects are mostly selected by the policeman as the current speakers. There are also some parts when the suspects self-select to take turn of talking when they feel like the accusation is not true and needs to be corrected. In addition, the patterns of turn allocation of the victim are mostly selected by the policeman, except in the part where he expresses dispreferences towards the suspects’ talk. In this part of the talk, the turn is self-selected. Aside from that, the analysis is also supported by the evidence of overlaps occuring in the conversation, where they occur the most when the suspects try to defend themselves but are denied by both the policeman and the victim. The problematic overlap is then resolved by the suspects, as the side of weaker power to discontinue the talk. The interesting finding of the analysis is that the victim has higher power than the suspects in the interrogation, as the man with the highest power (the policeman) takes sides on him.</strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong> -</strong><strong> </strong><em>Conversation Analysis, Language and Power, Language and Legal Process</em></p>

scholarly journals A Conversation Analysis Approach to Attributable Silence in Moroccan Conversation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Elouakili
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
Moroccan Arabic ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ma Thesis

This paper is an adaptation of one section in the theoretical part of a MA thesis on ‘The conversational role of silence in Moroccan Arabic’ obtained in 1990, and aims to account for attributable silence (Schegloff & Sacks, 1973) within the conversation analysis approach based on the turn-taking model advanced by Sacks, Schegloff, and Gefferson (1974). Attributable silence occurs when a speaker is selected to speak upon the completion of an utterance that solicits a particular response but chooses, for one reason or another, to remain silent. Systematic and comprehensive as the model has often been claimed to be, it does not deal with this category of silence, which is highly significant to conversation partners in daily interaction. Hence, we attempt to provide an account for it using some of the turn-taking mechanisms developed within the model itself. This silence is characterized as a violation of the turn-taking rule involving the current speaker selects next technique, and the repair of the violation is provided through the suggestion of a rule stipulating that if a selected speaker fails to start a next turn, then the current speaker has the right to pursue a response until he obtains one; otherwise, the conversation may discontinue. Features that reveal the significance of this silence are also discussed–namely noticeability, attributability, accountability, and reportability. The examples used to discuss and illustrate these points are taken from the observational and experimental data collected for the thesis.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURES OF ADJACENCY PAIRS OF FKIP UHN STUDENTS’ IN ENGLISH CONVERSATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 3967-3981
Author(s):  
Hilman Pardede , Herman, Dumaris E. Silalahi, Nguyen Van Thao
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study is aimed to investigate the structures of adjacency pairs in English conversation conducted by the students of faculty of teacher training and education (Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan/FKIP) at Universitas HKBP Nommensen (UHN). The subjects for conducting the SPP of Adjacency Pairs are ten, and for the FPP is one student. For turn-taking the subjects are fifteen students. The researchers apply a descriptive qualitative design in this study. The researchers observe what involved in the interaction, when, where, and how people interact based on Conversation Analysis (CA) approach. Because CA needs naturally occurring data, the researchers take the location of research outside classroom. The conversation outside classroom enacts an informal talk as what this research is about. The location outside classroom can be at the canteen, and benches around the campus. The results of the study found that there were ten structure of adjacency pair and turn-taking, they were: 1) The student’s sequence of greeting-greeting is that the FPP is greeting and the FPP is greeting; 2) The construction of the students’ APs in question-answer is : a) a question – answer, a question - a question; 3) The structure of compliment AP in student’s conversation can be constructed as : a compliment - rejection, a compliment - a rejection in SPP (scaling down); 4) Offer-acceptance is composed : an offer of goods in FPP and an acceptance in SPP and an offer of service in FPP and an acceptance in SPP; 5) Invitation in student’s conversation contains inserted sequence the acceptance response; 6) Current speaker selects next (CSSN) in student’s conversation can be realized in two participants conversation like in all data in adjacency pair; 7) The CSSN allocation techniques is not always applicable in students’ conversation; 8) Self-select (SS) in students’ conversation is done as what is effective in English, but it is constrained by an overlapping talk; 9) Speaker continuation (SC) is shown by a long silence. The silence implies the development of topic or topic change. Last but not least, the researchers conclude that knowing the structure of adjacency pairs in conversation can help the speakers and listener to avoid and cope with all problems in speaking.

Gaze and Proximity as Turn Regulators within Three-Party and Two-Party Child Conversations

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly K. Craig ◽  
Tanya M. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Normal Children ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
A Current

Gaze and proximity as nonverbal turn-taking behaviors were investigated within the three-party and two-party conversations of normal children. Subjects were six 4-year-old girls matched for familiarity. Alternations of 20-rain three-party and 15-rain two-party interactions were videotaped and transcribed. The data indicate that within nonsimultaneous language events, gaze and proximity, relate to changes in speaker turn and conversational role, with gaze functioning as a current-speaker-selects-next-speaker turn option and proximity, functioning as both a current-speaker-selects-next-speaker and a listener self-selection turn option. The data are discussed in terms of the sociocentric character of children's conversations.

scholarly journals THE RULES OF TURN TAKING STRATEGIES IN ELLEN TALK SHOW

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Nur Shabrina Hasan ◽  
Sumarsih . .
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to analyze the rules realized of  turn taking strategies in the Ellen talk show which every conversation always occurs the turn taking to make conversation flows well. In this case the aim of this research is to convey the rules realized of turn taking strategies use by them. The Method of this research use qualitative method. The research question will be answered in analytical description. The collected turn taking strategies is picked up randomly then classified based on the same type. The turn taking strategies is analyzed by using Miles and Huberman and Saldana to see the turn taking which mostly occurs in conversation. The result of this research shows that there are hundred eighty seven data collected from random sampling, those collected data resulted three rules of turn taking strategies: 1.If the current speaker has selected, a particular next speaker, then that speaker should take a turn at the place. 2.If no such selection has been made, then any next speaker may (but need not) self-selection occur, then first speaker has the right to the turn. 3. If no speaker has been selected, unless another speaker may, but need not, continue talking with another turn constructional unit, unless  another speaker has self-selected in which case that speaker gains to the right to the turn found in that conversationKeywords: Conversation Analysis, Turn Taking Strategies, Miles Huberman and Saldana, Talk Show.

DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF ORIBATID MITE FAUNA(ACARI: ORIBATIDA) IN THE FOREST FLOOR OF SATKOSIA BASIPALLY WILD LIFE SANCTUARY, ODISHA, INDIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHELLEY ACHARYA ◽  
ADITI DUTTA
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Oribatid Mite ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Soil Mites ◽  
The Core ◽  
Humid Condition ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Wild Life

The studies were mostly concentrated in Nine forest ranges of the WLS including the core areas. The soil of this region mostly is dry, red and with iron and silica content. Though the soil mites are prevalent in moist humid condition, we got a diversed population of 20 different species under 14 genera which is less than average probably due to the soil condition. Protoribates magnus is the dominant species in this study. The species with larger ranges were Scheloribates curvialatus.

Rights, Authority, and Workability: An Examination of Universal Jurisdiction

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Srdan Durica
Keyword(s):  
Universal Jurisdiction ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Contemporary State ◽  
The Core ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
The Subject

In this paper, I conceptualize ‘universal jurisdiction’ along three axes: rights, authority, and workability to reduce the compendium of scholarly work on the subject into three prominent focus areas. I then review the longstanding debates between critics and supports, and ultimately show the vitality of this debate and persuasiveness of each side’s sets of arguments. By using these three axes as a sort of methodological filter, one can develop a richer understanding of universal jurisdiction, its theoretical pillars, practical barriers, and the core areas of contention that form the contemporary state of knowledge.

Restrictiveness, exclusivity, adversativity, and mirativity

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Fang Wang ◽  
Mei-Chi Tsai ◽  
Wayne Schams ◽  
Chi-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Interactional Linguistics ◽  
English Only ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Turn Taking

Mandarin Chinese zhishi (similar to English ‘only’), comprised of the adverb zhi and the copula shi, can act as an adverb (ADV) or a discourse marker (DM). This study analyzes the role of zhishi in spoken discourse, based on the methodological and theoretical principles of interactional linguistics and conversation analysis. The corpus used in this study consists of three sets of data: 1) naturally-occurring daily conversations; 2) radio/TV interviews; and 3) TV panel discussions on current political affairs. As a whole, this study reveals that the notions of restrictiveness, exclusivity, and adversativity are closely associated with ADV zhishi and DM zhishi. In addition, the present data show that since zhishi is often used to express a ‘less than expected’ feeling, it can be used to indicate mirativity (i.e. language indicating that an utterance conveys the speaker’s surprise). The data also show that the distribution of zhishi as an adverb or discourse marker depends on turn taking systems and speech situations in spoken discourse. Specifically, the ADV zhishi tends to occur in radio/TV interviews and TV panel news discussions, while the DM zhishi occurs more often in casual conversations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document