Gaze and Proximity as Turn Regulators within Three-Party and Two-Party Child Conversations

1982 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly K. Craig ◽  
Tanya M. Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
Normal Children ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
A Current

Gaze and proximity as nonverbal turn-taking behaviors were investigated within the three-party and two-party conversations of normal children. Subjects were six 4-year-old girls matched for familiarity. Alternations of 20-rain three-party and 15-rain two-party interactions were videotaped and transcribed. The data indicate that within nonsimultaneous language events, gaze and proximity, relate to changes in speaker turn and conversational role, with gaze functioning as a current-speaker-selects-next-speaker turn option and proximity, functioning as both a current-speaker-selects-next-speaker and a listener self-selection turn option. The data are discussed in terms of the sociocentric character of children's conversations.

scholarly journals Turn-Taking in Colloquial Indonesian

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Agus Subiyanto Subiyanto
Keyword(s):  
Repair Mechanism ◽  
Recording Technique ◽  
Informal Conversation ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
The Common ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
A Current ◽  
Participatory Observation

Participants in a conversation follow certain basic rules in obtaining turns. Some questions addressed in this paper are, firstly, how turns are allocated in Indonesian conversation. Secondly, what  are the signals given by a current speaker willing to yield to a next speaker (i.e. turn-yielding signals). Thirdly, what repair mechanism is  employed by the participants when the turn-taking procedures are broken. The data used in this study were taken from an informal conversation of four Indonesians from Jakarta. The data were collected by using a non-participatory observation with a recording technique. The analysis shows that the turn-taking system in the Indonesian language confirms the model of turn-taking system developed by Sacks et al (1974), covering the occurrence and the recurrence of speaker change, the overwhelming tendency for one party to talk at a time,the common occurrences of more than one speaker at a time, and the common switches of speakers with no gapsand no overlaps.

Turn-allocation and gaze: A multimodal revision of the “current-speaker-selects-next” rule of the turn-taking system of conversation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-140
Author(s):  
Peter Auer
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
Speaker Selection ◽  
Empirical Foundation ◽  
A Current

It is argued in this paper that a multimodal analysis of turn-taking, one of the core areas of conversation analytic research, is needed and has to integrate gaze as one of the most central resources for allocating turns, and that new technologies are available that can provide a solid and reliable empirical foundation for this analysis. On the basis of eye-tracking data of spontaneous conversations, it is shown that gaze is the most ubiquitous next-speaker-selection technique. It can function alone or enhance other techniques. I also discuss the interrelationship between the strength for sequential projection and the choice of next-speaker-selection techniques by a current speaker. The appropriate consideration of gaze leads to a revision of the turn-taking model in that it reduces the domain of self-selection and expands that of the current-speaker-selects-next sub-rule. It also has consequences for the analysis of “simultaneous starts”.

Turn Taking in E-Mail Discussions

2011 ◽  
pp. 755-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Common Method ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Priority System ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
E Mail

This chapter investigates turn taking in naturally occurring e-mail discussions. In e-mail discussions, participants can self select to contribute at any time, turns cannot be interrupted, and adjacency cannot be guaranteed. However, participants engage in recognisable discussions and “speaker” change occurs. Patterns of turn taking can be observed in the data, and there are many parallels with spoken conversation. In e-mail discussions, the current participant may select a new participant, and those selected usually respond; participants may self select (the most common method of turn taking); and the current participant may choose to continue, either by writing an extended turn or by sending separate consecutive messages. Response is not obligatory unless a respondent has been specified. There is no priority system through which a change of participant takes priority. Because there is less pressure toward current speaker selects last, the system encourages multiple participants to engage in the discussion.

Self-Selection in Turn-Taking: An Approach to Teaching Spanish

Hispania ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isolde J. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Self Selection ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Approach To Teaching

Fixed Penalty Notices as a Means of Offender Selection

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Wellsmith ◽  
Hannah Guille
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Hit Rate ◽  
Self Selection ◽  
Well Yield ◽  
Chronic Offenders ◽  
Electoral Register ◽  
A Current

This research assesses the capacity of fixed penalty notice (FPN) infractions to form the basis for targeted police attention to more serious or chronic offenders. Offences of this kind were associated with concurrent criminality, relative to a group selected from the electoral register. Over half of the notices issued were not associated with a named individual, presumably because many vehicles did not have a current registered keeper. The ‘hit rate’ for concurrent criminality was not significantly different than for the control group. When repeat fixed penalty offences were analysed, this produced a higher hit rate, although it remained lower than expected from other studies. A number of problems in carrying out analysis on these types of data are discussed and it is suggested that a study in which checks are made at the point of issuing an FPN might well yield far higher rates of active criminality, and might provide a more powerful trigger for offender self-selection. Further areas for research into self-selection triggers are also suggested.

Power Relations In The Turn-Taking Of Interrogation Recorded By Net’s 86

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Muryantina
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Language And Power ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Tv Program ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker

<p><em>Abstrak - </em><strong>The research focuses on exploring the power relations that occur in the recording of interrogation between a policeman, two pickpocket suspects, and the victim (who was also the witness) publicized by NET Mediatama Indonesia via its tv program: <em>86</em>. The approach used to analyze the interrogation is the Conversation Analysis. Via Conversation Analysis, the researcher tries to reveal the structure of turn-taking in the interrogation and how this structure represents the power relations between the participants of conversation. The policeman, in this case, is presumed to be the man with higher power than the suspects and the victim, as he has the ability to control the behaviour of others while others cannot have such ability in the same area of behaviour (Meshtrie et. al 2009, p. 310). The analysis is then specified into determining the types of turn allocation: that current speaker selects the next speaker or that the next speaker selects himself (Liddicoat 2007, p. 63-67). The result of the analysis reveals that the patterns of turn allocation of the policeman are all self-selected. Meanwhile, the patterns of turn allocation of the suspects are mostly selected by the policeman as the current speakers. There are also some parts when the suspects self-select to take turn of talking when they feel like the accusation is not true and needs to be corrected. In addition, the patterns of turn allocation of the victim are mostly selected by the policeman, except in the part where he expresses dispreferences towards the suspects’ talk. In this part of the talk, the turn is self-selected. Aside from that, the analysis is also supported by the evidence of overlaps occuring in the conversation, where they occur the most when the suspects try to defend themselves but are denied by both the policeman and the victim. The problematic overlap is then resolved by the suspects, as the side of weaker power to discontinue the talk. The interesting finding of the analysis is that the victim has higher power than the suspects in the interrogation, as the man with the highest power (the policeman) takes sides on him.</strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong> -</strong><strong> </strong><em>Conversation Analysis, Language and Power, Language and Legal Process</em></p>

scholarly journals CONVERSATIONAL ANALYSIS OF SELLING-BUYING IN DOLOK SANGGUL TRADITIONAL MARKET

LINGUISTICA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 526
Author(s):  
RAYA FITRI MANALU ◽  
FAUZIAH KHAIRANI LUBIS ◽  
ANNA RIANA SURYANTI TAMBUNAN
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Conversational Analysis ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Traditional Market ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
Buying In

The thesis deals with conversational analysis of selling-buying in DolokSanggul traditional market. The objectives of this study were to find out types and most dominant type of turn-taking used in Batak Toba Seller and buyers in DolokSanggul Traditional market. The study was conducted by using desccriptive qualitative method. The data of the study were conversation and interaction between sellers and buyers during the selling-buying process. The data of this study contained 25 conversations. The data analysis were taken by listing and tabulating the data. The data were analyzed based on the theory that proposed by Sack et al (1974) . The findings inducted that there were three types of turn-taking found in Doloksanggul Traditional market . The finding were showed that   CS2TNS (48%) SS (20%) and SCS (32%) and the most frequent turn-taking occurred in the conversation among seller and buyer is Current Speaker Select the Next Speaker (C2TNS). The conversation described how participant organize their interaction by distributing turns to the speakers. The transition from turn to next with no gap and no overlap are common occurred.

scholarly journals A Conversation Analysis Approach to Attributable Silence in Moroccan Conversation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Elouakili
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
Moroccan Arabic ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ma Thesis

This paper is an adaptation of one section in the theoretical part of a MA thesis on ‘The conversational role of silence in Moroccan Arabic’ obtained in 1990, and aims to account for attributable silence (Schegloff & Sacks, 1973) within the conversation analysis approach based on the turn-taking model advanced by Sacks, Schegloff, and Gefferson (1974). Attributable silence occurs when a speaker is selected to speak upon the completion of an utterance that solicits a particular response but chooses, for one reason or another, to remain silent. Systematic and comprehensive as the model has often been claimed to be, it does not deal with this category of silence, which is highly significant to conversation partners in daily interaction. Hence, we attempt to provide an account for it using some of the turn-taking mechanisms developed within the model itself. This silence is characterized as a violation of the turn-taking rule involving the current speaker selects next technique, and the repair of the violation is provided through the suggestion of a rule stipulating that if a selected speaker fails to start a next turn, then the current speaker has the right to pursue a response until he obtains one; otherwise, the conversation may discontinue. Features that reveal the significance of this silence are also discussed–namely noticeability, attributability, accountability, and reportability. The examples used to discuss and illustrate these points are taken from the observational and experimental data collected for the thesis.

scholarly journals THE STRUCTURES OF ADJACENCY PAIRS OF FKIP UHN STUDENTS’ IN ENGLISH CONVERSATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 3967-3981
Author(s):  
Hilman Pardede , Herman, Dumaris E. Silalahi, Nguyen Van Thao
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study is aimed to investigate the structures of adjacency pairs in English conversation conducted by the students of faculty of teacher training and education (Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan/FKIP) at Universitas HKBP Nommensen (UHN). The subjects for conducting the SPP of Adjacency Pairs are ten, and for the FPP is one student. For turn-taking the subjects are fifteen students. The researchers apply a descriptive qualitative design in this study. The researchers observe what involved in the interaction, when, where, and how people interact based on Conversation Analysis (CA) approach. Because CA needs naturally occurring data, the researchers take the location of research outside classroom. The conversation outside classroom enacts an informal talk as what this research is about. The location outside classroom can be at the canteen, and benches around the campus. The results of the study found that there were ten structure of adjacency pair and turn-taking, they were: 1) The student’s sequence of greeting-greeting is that the FPP is greeting and the FPP is greeting; 2) The construction of the students’ APs in question-answer is : a) a question – answer, a question - a question; 3) The structure of compliment AP in student’s conversation can be constructed as : a compliment - rejection, a compliment - a rejection in SPP (scaling down); 4) Offer-acceptance is composed : an offer of goods in FPP and an acceptance in SPP and an offer of service in FPP and an acceptance in SPP; 5) Invitation in student’s conversation contains inserted sequence the acceptance response; 6) Current speaker selects next (CSSN) in student’s conversation can be realized in two participants conversation like in all data in adjacency pair; 7) The CSSN allocation techniques is not always applicable in students’ conversation; 8) Self-select (SS) in students’ conversation is done as what is effective in English, but it is constrained by an overlapping talk; 9) Speaker continuation (SC) is shown by a long silence. The silence implies the development of topic or topic change. Last but not least, the researchers conclude that knowing the structure of adjacency pairs in conversation can help the speakers and listener to avoid and cope with all problems in speaking.

I’m sorry (to interrupt): The use of explicit apology in turn-taking

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-401
Author(s):  
Innhwa Park ◽  
Margo Duey
Keyword(s):  
School District ◽  
The Self ◽  
Analytic Study ◽  
Workplace Interactions ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Faculty Meetings ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Will Self ◽  
Current Speaker

AbstractContributing to research on workplace interactions and turn-taking practices, this conversation analytic study examines how people take turns during multi-party workplace meetings. In particular, we analyze 12 hours of video-recordings of faculty meetings at a U.S. school district, and show how meeting participants use explicit apology (e.g. I’m sorry; I’m sorry to interrupt) for turn-taking. The apology carries out interactional work in two ways: 1) it acknowledges that a (possible) offense (i.e. interruption) has occurred, and 2) it indicates that the current speaker will self-select to take and keep the turn. The self-selector produces the apology mid-turn after the turn-initial overlap is resolved and before continuing with her turn. We first analyze cases in which the self-selector uses explicit apology after having begun her turn during the current speaker’s ongoing turn. In most of these cases, the self-selected turn is sequentially disjunctive in that it is not directly responsive to the immediately preceding turn. We then show how the self-selector uses explicit apology when she needs to compete with another self-selector to take the turn. The study findings have implications for the turn-taking organization in meeting interactions.

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