scholarly journals THE STRUCTURES OF ADJACENCY PAIRS OF FKIP UHN STUDENTS’ IN ENGLISH CONVERSATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 3967-3981
Author(s):  
Hilman Pardede , Herman, Dumaris E. Silalahi, Nguyen Van Thao
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Scaling Down ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study is aimed to investigate the structures of adjacency pairs in English conversation conducted by the students of faculty of teacher training and education (Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan/FKIP) at Universitas HKBP Nommensen (UHN). The subjects for conducting the SPP of Adjacency Pairs are ten, and for the FPP is one student. For turn-taking the subjects are fifteen students. The researchers apply a descriptive qualitative design in this study. The researchers observe what involved in the interaction, when, where, and how people interact based on Conversation Analysis (CA) approach. Because CA needs naturally occurring data, the researchers take the location of research outside classroom. The conversation outside classroom enacts an informal talk as what this research is about. The location outside classroom can be at the canteen, and benches around the campus. The results of the study found that there were ten structure of adjacency pair and turn-taking, they were: 1) The student’s sequence of greeting-greeting is that the FPP is greeting and the FPP is greeting; 2) The construction of the students’ APs in question-answer is : a) a question – answer, a question - a question; 3) The structure of compliment AP in student’s conversation can be constructed as : a compliment - rejection, a compliment - a rejection in SPP (scaling down); 4) Offer-acceptance is composed : an offer of goods in FPP and an acceptance in SPP and an offer of service in FPP and an acceptance in SPP; 5) Invitation in student’s conversation contains inserted sequence the acceptance response; 6) Current speaker selects next (CSSN) in student’s conversation can be realized in two participants conversation like in all data in adjacency pair; 7) The CSSN allocation techniques is not always applicable in students’ conversation; 8) Self-select (SS) in students’ conversation is done as what is effective in English, but it is constrained by an overlapping talk; 9) Speaker continuation (SC) is shown by a long silence. The silence implies the development of topic or topic change. Last but not least, the researchers conclude that knowing the structure of adjacency pairs in conversation can help the speakers and listener to avoid and cope with all problems in speaking.

Restrictiveness, exclusivity, adversativity, and mirativity

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Fang Wang ◽  
Mei-Chi Tsai ◽  
Wayne Schams ◽  
Chi-Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Spoken Discourse ◽  
Interactional Linguistics ◽  
English Only ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Turn Taking

Mandarin Chinese zhishi (similar to English ‘only’), comprised of the adverb zhi and the copula shi, can act as an adverb (ADV) or a discourse marker (DM). This study analyzes the role of zhishi in spoken discourse, based on the methodological and theoretical principles of interactional linguistics and conversation analysis. The corpus used in this study consists of three sets of data: 1) naturally-occurring daily conversations; 2) radio/TV interviews; and 3) TV panel discussions on current political affairs. As a whole, this study reveals that the notions of restrictiveness, exclusivity, and adversativity are closely associated with ADV zhishi and DM zhishi. In addition, the present data show that since zhishi is often used to express a ‘less than expected’ feeling, it can be used to indicate mirativity (i.e. language indicating that an utterance conveys the speaker’s surprise). The data also show that the distribution of zhishi as an adverb or discourse marker depends on turn taking systems and speech situations in spoken discourse. Specifically, the ADV zhishi tends to occur in radio/TV interviews and TV panel news discussions, while the DM zhishi occurs more often in casual conversations.

scholarly journals Rules at Play: Correcting Projectable Violations of Who Plays Next

Human Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Svensson ◽  
Burak S. Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Social ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Interactional Perspective ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractThis study examines the situated use of rules and the social practices people deploy to correct projectable rule violations in pétanque playing activities. Drawing on Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis, and using naturally occurring video recordings, this article investigates socially organized occasions of rule use, and more particularly how rules for turn-taking at play are reflexively established in and through interaction. The alternation of players in pétanque is dependent on and consequential for the progressivity of the game and it is a practical problem for the players when a participant projects to break a rule of “who plays next”. The empirical analysis shows that formulating rules is a practice for indicating and correcting incipient violations of who plays next, which retrospectively invoke and establish the situated expectations that constitute the game as that particular game. Focusing on the anticipative corrections of projectable violations of turn-taking rules, this study revisits the concept of rules, as they are played into being, from a social and interactional perspective. We argue and demonstrate that rules are not prescriptions of game conduct, but resources that reflexively render the players’ conducts intelligible as playing the game they are engaging in.

Turn Taking in E-Mail Discussions

2011 ◽  
pp. 755-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Common Method ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Priority System ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
E Mail

This chapter investigates turn taking in naturally occurring e-mail discussions. In e-mail discussions, participants can self select to contribute at any time, turns cannot be interrupted, and adjacency cannot be guaranteed. However, participants engage in recognisable discussions and “speaker” change occurs. Patterns of turn taking can be observed in the data, and there are many parallels with spoken conversation. In e-mail discussions, the current participant may select a new participant, and those selected usually respond; participants may self select (the most common method of turn taking); and the current participant may choose to continue, either by writing an extended turn or by sending separate consecutive messages. Response is not obligatory unless a respondent has been specified. There is no priority system through which a change of participant takes priority. Because there is less pressure toward current speaker selects last, the system encourages multiple participants to engage in the discussion.

Silence gestures revisited

Gesture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 246-268
Author(s):  
Søren Beck Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Speech Production ◽  
Dynamics Analysis ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Search Processes ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Word Search

Abstract This paper revives an interest in a gestural phenomenon: silence gestures, that is, cases where speakers suspend talk and produce a gesture in momentary silence. Earlier research noted this phenomenon, but largely left interactional details unaddressed. Consequently, we have known of the phenomenon for a long time, but known very little about how interactants use it. This study applies conversation analysis to elucidate silence gestures as they appear during naturally occurring Danish interaction. Two classes are considered: i) silence gestures that occur during word search processes and ii) ‘no-problem’ silence gestures. Analysis of the first class offers more nuances to previous assumptions about its affiliation with process difficulties and turn-taking dynamics. Analysis of the second class disconfirms the belief that silence gestures foremost relate to speech difficulties. It reveals that speakers actively postpone or suspend speech production to achieve a turn-intra pauses, which enables them to momentarily foreground the gestural act.

scholarly journals Analisis Hasil Kegiatan Interview Mahasiswa Semester 2A Program Studi Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia STKIP PGRI Lubuklinggau

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Agung Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Training ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
Student Interview ◽  
Language And Literature ◽  
Literature Education ◽  
Very High ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The purpose of this study is to describe the results of the second semester 2A, College of Teacher Training and Education Activities Teachers Association of Indonesia, City of Lubuklinggau in 2016 on systematic aspects, covering Opening, content and closing)and attitude of interviewing Neutral, Friendly, fair and Luwes. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The results of this study is a description of the analysis of the results of interview activities that covers, Systematics and attitude at the time of interview. Based on the results of the research can be seen that the errors that are in the results of student interview activities semester 2A Program studi donesian Language and Literature Education is still very high. Errors contained from the results of student interview activity semester 2A, broadly covered, systematic enough categorized, as well as the attitude of the interview is still in enough category. The dominating factor is the experience of the students is still very low, this will be the attention of the author as a lecturer pengampu course to actively train interview activities so that kedepanya can be better. Keywords: Prying, Interviewing.  

Power Relations In The Turn-Taking Of Interrogation Recorded By Net’s 86

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Muryantina
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Language And Power ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Tv Program ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker

<p><em>Abstrak - </em><strong>The research focuses on exploring the power relations that occur in the recording of interrogation between a policeman, two pickpocket suspects, and the victim (who was also the witness) publicized by NET Mediatama Indonesia via its tv program: <em>86</em>. The approach used to analyze the interrogation is the Conversation Analysis. Via Conversation Analysis, the researcher tries to reveal the structure of turn-taking in the interrogation and how this structure represents the power relations between the participants of conversation. The policeman, in this case, is presumed to be the man with higher power than the suspects and the victim, as he has the ability to control the behaviour of others while others cannot have such ability in the same area of behaviour (Meshtrie et. al 2009, p. 310). The analysis is then specified into determining the types of turn allocation: that current speaker selects the next speaker or that the next speaker selects himself (Liddicoat 2007, p. 63-67). The result of the analysis reveals that the patterns of turn allocation of the policeman are all self-selected. Meanwhile, the patterns of turn allocation of the suspects are mostly selected by the policeman as the current speakers. There are also some parts when the suspects self-select to take turn of talking when they feel like the accusation is not true and needs to be corrected. In addition, the patterns of turn allocation of the victim are mostly selected by the policeman, except in the part where he expresses dispreferences towards the suspects’ talk. In this part of the talk, the turn is self-selected. Aside from that, the analysis is also supported by the evidence of overlaps occuring in the conversation, where they occur the most when the suspects try to defend themselves but are denied by both the policeman and the victim. The problematic overlap is then resolved by the suspects, as the side of weaker power to discontinue the talk. The interesting finding of the analysis is that the victim has higher power than the suspects in the interrogation, as the man with the highest power (the policeman) takes sides on him.</strong></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><strong> -</strong><strong> </strong><em>Conversation Analysis, Language and Power, Language and Legal Process</em></p>

scholarly journals A Conversation Analysis Approach to Attributable Silence in Moroccan Conversation

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Elouakili
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Analysis Approach ◽  
Theoretical Part ◽  
Moroccan Arabic ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ma Thesis

This paper is an adaptation of one section in the theoretical part of a MA thesis on ‘The conversational role of silence in Moroccan Arabic’ obtained in 1990, and aims to account for attributable silence (Schegloff & Sacks, 1973) within the conversation analysis approach based on the turn-taking model advanced by Sacks, Schegloff, and Gefferson (1974). Attributable silence occurs when a speaker is selected to speak upon the completion of an utterance that solicits a particular response but chooses, for one reason or another, to remain silent. Systematic and comprehensive as the model has often been claimed to be, it does not deal with this category of silence, which is highly significant to conversation partners in daily interaction. Hence, we attempt to provide an account for it using some of the turn-taking mechanisms developed within the model itself. This silence is characterized as a violation of the turn-taking rule involving the current speaker selects next technique, and the repair of the violation is provided through the suggestion of a rule stipulating that if a selected speaker fails to start a next turn, then the current speaker has the right to pursue a response until he obtains one; otherwise, the conversation may discontinue. Features that reveal the significance of this silence are also discussed–namely noticeability, attributability, accountability, and reportability. The examples used to discuss and illustrate these points are taken from the observational and experimental data collected for the thesis.

Turn-allocation and gaze: A multimodal revision of the “current-speaker-selects-next” rule of the turn-taking system of conversation analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-140
Author(s):  
Peter Auer
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Core Areas ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
Speaker Selection ◽  
Empirical Foundation ◽  
A Current

It is argued in this paper that a multimodal analysis of turn-taking, one of the core areas of conversation analytic research, is needed and has to integrate gaze as one of the most central resources for allocating turns, and that new technologies are available that can provide a solid and reliable empirical foundation for this analysis. On the basis of eye-tracking data of spontaneous conversations, it is shown that gaze is the most ubiquitous next-speaker-selection technique. It can function alone or enhance other techniques. I also discuss the interrelationship between the strength for sequential projection and the choice of next-speaker-selection techniques by a current speaker. The appropriate consideration of gaze leads to a revision of the turn-taking model in that it reduces the domain of self-selection and expands that of the current-speaker-selects-next sub-rule. It also has consequences for the analysis of “simultaneous starts”.

scholarly journals VIOLATION OF CONVERSATION RULES IN TURN TAKING IN THE SECOND STEP CLASS AT CEC MATARAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Roy Armansyah ◽  
Asbah Asbah ◽  
Moh. Fauzi Bafadal
Keyword(s):  
Video Recording ◽  
The Other ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Qualitative Design ◽  
The Third ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Abstract: Turn taking is simplest systematic for the organization of turn taking for conversation (Sacks, Schegloff, and Jefferson (1974). In conversation, sometimes the participant violate the rules as they begin to talk, meanwhile the other speakers are still speaking, and none of words and sentences to say in turn. Therefore, the writer was interested to analyze the violation of conversation rules in turn taking in order to investigate kinds of violation of conversation rules in turn taking that happened in the second step class of CEC Mataram, especially in debating activity by using a descriptive qualitative design. Then, the data were collected through video-recording from the second step class members of CEC Mataram. They were about 65 students and one teacher. Based on finding of this study, the writer found out five violations, such as violation of pause, gaps, laps, overlaps, and interruption. The first highest violation was pause violation with 135 times (81.3%) implies that the speaker in debating activity was silence within the turn given. The second one was interruption with 15 times (9.1%) implies that the other speakers began to talk when a speaker was speaking. The third was overlaps with 7 times (4.2%) implies that the speaker spoke at same time. The fourth was gaps with 5 times (3.0%) implies that the speaker did not talk directly when other speaker  were given a chance to turn when one speaker was replaced. The fifth was laps with 4 times (2.4%) implies than none options for next turn is used when speaker change, the participant did not indicate backchannel during the debating activity (0% of violation).

scholarly journals THE RULES OF TURN TAKING STRATEGIES IN ELLEN TALK SHOW

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Nur Shabrina Hasan ◽  
Sumarsih . .
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Analytical Description ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Current Speaker ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this research is to analyze the rules realized of  turn taking strategies in the Ellen talk show which every conversation always occurs the turn taking to make conversation flows well. In this case the aim of this research is to convey the rules realized of turn taking strategies use by them. The Method of this research use qualitative method. The research question will be answered in analytical description. The collected turn taking strategies is picked up randomly then classified based on the same type. The turn taking strategies is analyzed by using Miles and Huberman and Saldana to see the turn taking which mostly occurs in conversation. The result of this research shows that there are hundred eighty seven data collected from random sampling, those collected data resulted three rules of turn taking strategies: 1.If the current speaker has selected, a particular next speaker, then that speaker should take a turn at the place. 2.If no such selection has been made, then any next speaker may (but need not) self-selection occur, then first speaker has the right to the turn. 3. If no speaker has been selected, unless another speaker may, but need not, continue talking with another turn constructional unit, unless  another speaker has self-selected in which case that speaker gains to the right to the turn found in that conversationKeywords: Conversation Analysis, Turn Taking Strategies, Miles Huberman and Saldana, Talk Show.

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