scholarly journals Problematising the restoration of trust through transparency: Focusing on quoting

Journalism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146488492093423
Author(s):  
Lauri Haapanen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Language Use ◽  
News Item ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Normative Considerations ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Linguistic Process

Transparency is seen as a panacea for a major problem facing journalism and journalists today, that is, the loss of trust and credibility. However, the scholarly literature has focused primarily on normative considerations, without providing much empirical data that could confirm what are widely assumed to be the positive effects of transparency. In this paper, I argue, first, that editorial texts, in their various manifestations, are the most potent of the various established means of displaying transparency for opening up the production of news item. However, I then draw on my linguistic, process-focused research on quoting and highlight challenges this process creates for the use of editorial texts in the pursuit of transparency. It turns out that conveying the essentials of decision-making that occurs during newswriting requires profound understanding and awareness of the interplay between modalities, co-texts and contexts of language use. Finally, implementing the norm of transparency has allegedly led to the transformation of a well-intentioned goal into an institutional myth, leading journalists – constrained, for example, by the mechanism of impression management – to disclose only socially acceptable practices. Therefore, I conclude by arguing for transdisciplinary research in which scholars research ‘on, for and with’ (Perrin, 2018) other stakeholders in order to bring about a fundamental change in the culture of transparency in journalism.

scholarly journals Public health decisions in the COVID-19 pandemic require more than ‘follow the science’

2021 ◽  
pp. medethics-2020-107134
Author(s):  
Thana Cristina de Campos-Rudinsky ◽  
Eduardo Undurraga
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Health Policy ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Good Decision

Although empirical evidence may provide a much desired sense of certainty amidst a pandemic characterised by uncertainty, the vast gamut of available COVID-19 data, including misinformation, has instead increased confusion and distrust in authorities’ decisions. One key lesson we have been gradually learning from the COVID-19 pandemic is that the availability of empirical data and scientific evidence alone do not automatically lead to good decisions. Good decision-making in public health policy, this paper argues, does depend on the availability of reliable data and rigorous analyses, but depends above all on sound ethical reasoning that ascribes value and normative judgement to empirical facts.

scholarly journals Entangled and correlated photon mixed strategy for social decision making

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shion Maeda ◽  
Nicolas Chauvet ◽  
Hayato Saigo ◽  
Hirokazu Hori ◽  
Guillaume Bachelier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Mixed Strategy ◽  
Evolutionary Game ◽  
Slot Machines ◽  
Decision Strategy ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Social Decision Making ◽  
The Given

AbstractCollective decision making is important for maximizing total benefits while preserving equality among individuals in the competitive multi-armed bandit (CMAB) problem, wherein multiple players try to gain higher rewards from multiple slot machines. The CMAB problem represents an essential aspect of applications such as resource management in social infrastructure. In a previous study, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrated that entangled photons can physically resolve the difficulty of the CMAB problem. This decision-making strategy completely avoids decision conflicts while ensuring equality. However, decision conflicts can sometimes be beneficial if they yield greater rewards than non-conflicting decisions, indicating that greedy actions may provide positive effects depending on the given environment. In this study, we demonstrate a mixed strategy of entangled- and correlated-photon-based decision-making so that total rewards can be enhanced when compared to the entangled-photon-only decision strategy. We show that an optimal mixture of entangled- and correlated-photon-based strategies exists depending on the dynamics of the reward environment as well as the difficulty of the given problem. This study paves the way for utilizing both quantum and classical aspects of photons in a mixed manner for decision making and provides yet another example of the supremacy of mixed strategies known in game theory, especially in evolutionary game theory.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF CONTROL PROCESSES ON MANAGERIAL DECISION MAKING

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Jan Kráčmar ◽  
Miroslav Uhliar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Control Function ◽  
Decision Function ◽  
Managerial Control ◽  
Managerial Decision ◽  
Managerial Work ◽  
Managerial Decision Making ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Control Processes ◽  
The Impact

Control and managerial decision function activities have an important share in the managerial work. The paper The Impact of Control Processes on Managerial Decision Making describes the share of managerial control and decision function on the total managerial work. It also evaluates the influence of control activities on the decision making functions of different -level managers in questioned companies doing business in Slovak Republic. The results were obtained thanks to the surveying method. 392 participants took part in the research, which was made in two phases (in 2008 and 2010). The findings show the importance of managerial functions of control and decision making. They identify over 21% of control function- and almost 30% of decision making function share on total managerial work. There were discovered, many positive effects of control function on managerial decision making, while only few and insignificant negatives were identified. Key words: manager, control function, managerial decision making, evaluation, manager job content.

scholarly journals LEGAL FORMALISM AND LEGAL REALISM: WHAT IS THE ISSUE?

Legal Theory ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Leiter
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Legal Realism ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
Legal Formalism ◽  
The Law ◽  
Normative Considerations

In teaching jurisprudence, I typically distinguish between two different families of theories of adjudication—theories of how judges do or should decide cases. “Formalist” theories claim that (1) the law is “rationally” determinate, that is, the class of legitimate legal reasons available for a judge to offer in support of his or her decision justifies one and only one outcome either in all cases or in some significant and contested range of cases (e.g., cases that reach the stage of appellate review); and (2) adjudication is thus “autonomous” from other kinds of reasoning, that is, the judge can reach the required decision without recourse to nonlegal normative considerations of morality or political philosophy. I also note that “formalism” is sometimes associated with the idea that judicial decision-making involves nothing more than mechanical deduction on the model of the syllogism—Beccaria, for example, expresses such a view. I call the latter “Vulgar Formalism” to emphasize that it is not a view to which anyone today cares to subscribe.

I processi decisionali come rituali di interazione: giochi di faccia e interazione sociale in un gruppo politico di maggioranza

2009 ◽  
pp. 31-53
Author(s):  
Mariangela De Gregorio ◽  
Gerardo Patriotta
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Impression Management ◽  
Interaction Process ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Town Council ◽  
Interaction Dynamics ◽  
Coherent Image ◽  
Interaction Order ◽  
Impression Management Tactics

- This paper proposes a view of decision making as a social interaction process. Drawing on Goffman's face theory, it documents and interprets the micro interaction dynamics within the ruling political coalition of an Italian town council. Two main arguments are put forward. First, decision making unfolds through face games and impression management tactics where individuals are primarily concerned with attributing plausible sense to situations while maintaining a coherent image of self. Second, face-to-face behavior has structuring properties. It generates an interaction order amongst the participants that becomes progressively consolidated as the actors in- volved strive to affirm their respective situated identities through repeated face-to-face exchanges. A number of organizational implications are drawn from the study.Keywords: Decisional process, face game, interaction's ritual.

scholarly journals M&As get another assist: when CEOs add intuition to the decision mix

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannu Kuusela ◽  
Siiri Koivumäki ◽  
Mika Yrjölä
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Group Interactions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Top Executives ◽  
Positive Effects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the use of intuition in successful merger and acquisition (M&A) decisions. M&As are strategic decisions that can create growth, open up new markets and strengthen the company’s position and competence portfolio. Strategic decisions involve, by their very nature, considerable investments and have company-wide and long-lasting implications. At the same time, the decision-makers have access to large amounts of data from various sources, but these data are often uncertain and inaccurate and entail numerous assumptions. Therefore, M&A decisions are only rational to a degree, and emotional elements, such as intuition, likely play a significant role. Design/methodology/approach Acknowledging how critically important, but also how difficult, M&As are, the authors analyzed nine instances (cases) of successful acquisitions, in which the executives believed that the role of intuition was critical. Findings The findings show that intuition in strategic decision-making emerges on three levels: individual, collective and environmental. Practical implications This paper encourages top executives to proactively acknowledge and take advantage of intuition in their strategic decision-making. It proposes a framework to help with these endeavors. Originality/value This paper contributes by highlighting that intuition is not just a factor on an individual level; it can also surface from group interactions as well as the environment. Surprisingly, all the executives interviewed spoke of the positive effects that intuition can have on acquisition decisions. This is in contrast to the dominant view that considers intuition as nonrational and even as a form of bias.

Meeting mirth: The critical role of impression management and humor style in meetings

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48
Author(s):  
John Crowe ◽  
Michael Yoerger ◽  
Mackenzie Harms ◽  
Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock ◽  
Joseph A. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Humor Styles ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Aggressive Humor ◽  
Meeting Satisfaction

Abstract Drawing from theory on humor styles, impression management, and workplace meetings, we conducted two survey studies of working adults to examine the role of positive and negative humor on meeting satisfaction. We began by investigating the positive effects of humor on meeting satisfaction as moderated by impression management. In an online survey of working adults, we found that humor use in meetings was positively related to meeting satisfaction. Impression management moderates this relationship, such that the positive relationship between the use of humor in meetings and meeting satisfaction is significantly stronger for individuals who report relatively low impression management. In a second study, we investigated perceptions of impression management use in meeting humor. Using an experimental 2×2 factorial design, we investigated how use of impression management strategies differentially impacts meeting attendees’ perceptions of humor styles. We found that affiliative humor resulted in greater meeting satisfaction than aggressive humor. Furthermore, use of impression management enhanced meeting satisfaction following aggressive humor and diminished meeting satisfaction following affiliative humor.

Attracting Investments and Companies: Federal Multi-Level Collaboration in Switzerland and Canada

2018 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 1850008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renaud Vuignier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Level System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Business Decision ◽  
Multi Level

While tackling the issue of place attractiveness for companies and investments in Canada and Switzerland at large, this research focuses on federal multi-level collaboration with two case studies: Ontario and Western Switzerland. Based on empirical data gathered from semi-structured interviews ([Formula: see text]) and surveys ([Formula: see text]) as well as on secondary data, it provides an analysis of the perception of intergovernmental collaboration by economic developers and a mapping of the challenges identified in both the Canadian and the Swiss contexts. A comparative perspective, complemented by data regarding business decision-making ([Formula: see text]), allows us to draw lessons for economic developers in both countries, aiming at extending both academic and practitioners’ literatures. Findings show that the federal contexts in which attractive strategies occur cause specific challenges for economic developers. While judging that the system works well in general, the majority of Canadian economic developers interviewed mentioned different problems to solve, such as the confusion for companies generated by a federal multi-level system and the need for more business-oriented strategies away from political concerns. The majority of Swiss economic developers interviewed also acknowledged issues caused by the federal system and wished for improvements regarding coordination between federal entities and levels. In this regard, pragmatism is perceived as a crucial factor for the implementation of successful attractive strategies.

scholarly journals A salutary biotechnical approach for explosive identification and border patrol using electrophysiological signals

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.31) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
C Santhanakrishnan ◽  
T Peermeer Labbai ◽  
Shailesh S. Dudala ◽  
Y Sai Santhosh Nag
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Underground Mines ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Infrared Sensors ◽  
Human Presence ◽  
Rf Receiver ◽  
Electrophysiological Signals ◽  
Opening Up

This paper visualizes a salutary approach to maneuver and implement a successful sensor embedded rover that could be used for the surveillance of harmful components like bombs and underground mines that usually contain embedded metallic shrapnel and avoid detonation owning to its light frame. In case of any hostile situation, rescue operations are performed by human and trained dogs in a very precarious pandemonium risking the chances of victimizing themselves. Therefore, to enhance the safety and celerity1 of any defensive op, the rover is controlled directly through bio-electrical signals which are spontaneous in decision making, tweaking their application by using the variations in Electroencephalographic (EEG) and Electrooculographic (EOG) readings in the blink of an eye. Subsequently, the raw mindwave-sensor data is imported into MATLAB, thru the NeuroSky Headset RF receiver, these values are interpreted to normalized ranges so that 4 directions or degrees of freedom shall be implemented, thus opening up possibilities of handsfree-operation. The rover includes Passive-Infrared sensors (PIR) which are used for detecting human presence, motion/mobility and for detecting the illegal entry of intruders across any defensive line. The ATMega 328P microcontroller onboard the Arduino is used to control the sensors on board the while the ZigBee modules are used for ultra-low voltage transmitting and receiving sensor data. Furthermore, an ultrasonic sensor to analyze terrain and measure the distance from impending intrusions vastly improves the rover's mobility on challenging terrains. 

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