scholarly journals The K-SF-42

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 147470491667627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurelio José Figueredo ◽  
Rafael Antonio Garcia ◽  
J. Michael Menke ◽  
W. Jake Jacobs ◽  
Paul Robert Gladden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Interpersonal Aggression ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Industrial Societies

The purpose of the present article is to propose an alternative short form for the 199-item Arizona Life History Battery (ALHB), which we are calling the K-SF-42, as it contains 42 items as compared with the 20 items of the Mini-K, the short form that has been in greatest use for the past decade. These 42 items were selected from the ALHB, unlike those of the Mini-K, making direct comparisons of the relative psychometric performance of the two alternative short forms a valid and instructive exercise. A series of secondary data analyses were performed upon a recently completed five-nation cross-cultural survey, which was originally designed to assess the role of life history strategy in the etiology of interpersonal aggression. Only data from the ALHB that were collected in all five cross-cultural replications were used for the present analyses. The single immediate objective of this secondary data analysis was producing the K-SF-42 such that it would perform optimally across all five cultures sampled, and perhaps even generalize well to other modern industrial societies not currently sampled as a result of the geographic breadth of those included in the present study. A novel method, based on the use of the Cross-Sample Geometric Mean as a criterion for item selection, was used for generating such a cross-culturally valid short form.

The Mediating Role of the Dark Triad Between Life History Strategy and Perceived Stress Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Béla Birkás ◽  
Gabriella Pátkai ◽  
Árpád Csathó
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Mediation Effects

Life History Theory posits early-life adversities affect personality development partway through sensitizing individuals to certain environmental cues, thus influencing the person’s responses to different stressors. We therefore hypothesized that life history strategy affects perceived distress and self-efficiency in coping through certain personality traits. The concept of the Dark Triad describes specific forms of personalities found to be associated with faster life strategies and perceived stress. Hence, the aim of our study was to examine the possible mediator role of the Dark Triad traits on the relationship between life strategies and perceived stress. A sample of 432 (133 males) under- and postgraduate students (aged between 18 and 34 years, M= 23.4, SD = 3.9) answered the Short-Form of the Arizona Life History Battery, the Mini-K, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Short Dark Triad. Multiple linear regression and subsequent mediation analyses showed significant mediation effects of Dark Triad traits on both perceived distress and perceived coping. Our results indicate that these personality traits are part of the process in which faster life strategies predict higher level of perceived stress and lower levels of coping ability.

Cross-cultural divergence and convergence: With special reference to the family firm in South East Asia and China

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.L. Minkes ◽  
M.J. Foster
Keyword(s):  
East Asia ◽  
English Language ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
Societal Factors ◽  
Proper Perspective

This article examines the role of culture in the workings of firms, especially family firms, with particular reference to Hong Kong and China, and by extension to South East Asia. The article expresses the view that while culture is a very important variable in understanding and hence facilitating crosscultural business transaction, it is only one part of the explanation for the behaviour of firms and the problems which they are often observed to experience. The argument draws on a number of case studies, some real, some allegorical, drawn from the authors' experience, which illustrate the relevance of factors which transcend national and societal factors. Other secondary data are also used to support the argument. The conclusions set out are: that it is likely that, where firms are engaged in cross-cultural dealings, they will be well advised to give careful attention to what they have in common with their business collaborators, so that the expected differences may be highlighted, but seen in proper perspective; that family firms can have a real choice between ‘family oriented’ styles of management and professionally oriented management; that, as foreign direct investment into South East Asia and China grows, such considerations will become increasingly important, as will the English language as a common meeting ground.

scholarly journals Partitioning colony size variation into growth and partial mortality

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 20190727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua S. Madin ◽  
Andrew H. Baird ◽  
Marissa L. Baskett ◽  
Sean R. Connolly ◽  
Maria A. Dornelas
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Partial Mortality ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Size Dependent

Body size is a trait that broadly influences the demography and ecology of organisms. In unitary organisms, body size tends to increase with age. In modular organisms, body size can either increase or decrease with age, with size changes being the net difference between modules added through growth and modules lost through partial mortality. Rates of colony extension are independent of body size, but net growth is allometric, suggesting a significant role of size-dependent mortality. In this study, we develop a generalizable model of partitioned growth and partial mortality and apply it to data from 11 species of reef-building coral. We show that corals generally grow at constant radial increments that are size independent, and that partial mortality acts more strongly on small colonies. We also show a clear life-history trade-off between growth and partial mortality that is governed by growth form. This decomposition of net growth can provide mechanistic insights into the relative demographic effects of the intrinsic factors (e.g. acquisition of food and life-history strategy), which tend to affect growth, and extrinsic factors (e.g. physical damage, and predation), which tend to affect mortality.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in Moral Reasoning: The Role of Intelligence and Life History Strategy

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis S. Dunkel ◽  
Paul R. Gladden ◽  
Eugene W. Mathes
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Life History ◽  
Moral Reasoning ◽  
Life History Strategy

scholarly journals Lower emotional awareness is associated with greater early adversity and faster life history strategy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Smith ◽  
Horst Dieter Steklis ◽  
Netzin Steklis ◽  
Karen Weihs ◽  
John JB Allen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Emotional Awareness ◽  
Early Adversity ◽  
Recent Theoretical Work ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Reflective Cognition ◽  
The Relationship

Recent theoretical work suggests that emotional awareness (EA) depends on the harshness/predictability of early social interactions – and that low EA may actually be adaptive in harsh environments that lack predictable interpersonal interactions. In evolutionary psychology, this process of psychological “calibration” to early environments corresponds to life history strategy (LHS). In this paper, we tested the relationship between EA and LHS in 177 (40 male) individuals who completed the levels of emotional awareness scale (LEAS), Arizona Life History Battery (short form: K-SF-42), and two measures of early abuse/neglect. Significantly lower EA was observed in those with faster LHS and who had experienced greater early adversity. Notably, LEAS was associated with differences in 1) general reflective cognition, and 2) emotional support from parents during childhood. This suggests that EA may be learned during development based on the benefits of cognitive reflection in environments with different levels of harshness and social predictability.

scholarly journals Blue-eyed een erefer blue-eyed women: the role of life history strategies and sociosexuality

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-56
Author(s):  
Asmir Gračanin ◽  
Kevin Kutnjak ◽  
Igor Kardum
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Strategy ◽  
Romantic Partners ◽  
Original Study ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Paternity Uncertainty ◽  
Positive Assortative Mating ◽  
Eye Colour ◽  
Assortative Pairing

Previous research (Laeng et al., 2007) conducted on Norwegian samples showed that blue-eyed men rate blue-eyed women as more attractive, while brown-eyed men and all the women show no differences in attractiveness assessments with respect to eye colour. Correspondingly, positive assortative mating was found for blue, but not brown eyes, and it most often occurred in blue-eyed men. We aimed to replicate this blue-like-blue effect in the Croatian population, which differs in the ratio of eye colour phenotypes (blue eye colour is the most prevalent in Norway while brown is the most prevalent in Croatia). Additionally, we examined whether this effect is moderated by life history strategies and sociosexuality. Our hypothesis was that the effect would be larger in those blue-eyed men who exert a slower life history strategy and who are sociosexually restrictive. One hundred and twenty-eight participants assessed the attractiveness of blue-eyed and brown-eyed models, whose eye colours were experimentally manipulated in such a way that participants were shown models with natural or artificially changed eye colours. The blue-like-blue effect was replicated in the context of preferences, although it was smaller than in the original study. However, unlike the original study, in a sample of 138 participants no assortative pairing by eye colour was found between participants and their romantic partners. Finally, the hypothesis about the moderation was supported for life history strategies, but not for sociosexuality. In addition to the rationale for the blue-like-blue effect based on the paternity uncertainty account, which was offered by the authors of the original study, we discussed other accounts of this phenomenon.

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