scholarly journals Governing through vulnerability in austerity England

2019 ◽  
pp. 147737081988015
Author(s):  
Francesca Menichelli
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Levels Of Service

Drawing on interviews with practitioners, the article reconstructs how and why vulnerability has become an organizing principle in community safety work in England and Wales. Decreasing crime rates, growing awareness of risk and harm, loss of political salience of volume crime and modifications to the structure of incentives all contributed to making the move away from crime and disorder possible. The article shows how vulnerability is now used to facilitate partnership working to maintain existing levels of service provision, but also to ration the amount of support made available to citizens at a time of austerity. This is potentially problematic and open questions remain on the solidity, orientation and reach of this shift. The article concludes by discussing the research findings in light of their broader implications for European criminology and comparative research.

User Expectations and Acceptance of Library Services at the African Union Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights

Libri ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidelis Katonga Mutisya ◽  
Omwoyo Bosire Onyancha
Keyword(s):  
Service Provision ◽  
Library Services ◽  
African Union ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Human Aspects ◽  
Library Users ◽  
User Expectations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Levels Of Service ◽  
Electronic Content

Abstract The study sought to assess user expectations and acceptance of library services at the African Union Court on Human and Peoples’ Rights. The study, which targeted 94 library users, employed LibQUAL and SERVQUAL protocols to collect data, which were subsequently analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that users have the lowest expectations of the physical aspects of the library, namely the library as a place and of its tangibles. By contrast, users had the highest expectations in aspects associated with people and of the library collection, namely the effect of service, information control, responsiveness and reliability. The study recommends the allocation of resources in a way that ensures that the human aspects of the library remain at high levels of service quality, while shortcomings related to information control, library space and equipment should be addressed. Further, the library should invest in electronic content that users can access remotely. The findings have implications for information practice, in that studying user expectations enables libraries to understand individual and group expectations. These, in turn, will inform decision-making processes in respect of service provision, and provide justification and accountability for the resources used during such service provision.

scholarly journals Where should police forces target their residential burglary reduction efforts? Using official victimisation data to predict burglary incidences at the neighbourhood level

Crime Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hunter ◽  
Bethany Ward ◽  
Andromachi Tseloni ◽  
Ken Pease
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Crime Reduction ◽  
Residential Burglary ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Neighbourhood Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Terrain Modelling ◽  
Modelling Approach ◽  
Police Forces

AbstractExpected crime rates that enable police forces to contrast recorded and anticipated spatial patterns of crime victimisation offer a valuable tool in evaluating the under-reporting of crime and inform/guide crime reduction initiatives. Prior to this study, police forces had no access to expected burglary maps at the neighbourhood level covering all parts of England and Wales. Drawing on analysis of the Crime Survey for England and Wales and employing a population terrain modelling approach, this paper utilises household and area characteristics to predict the mean residential burglary incidences per 1000 population across all neighbourhoods in England and Wales. The analysis identifies distinct differences in recorded and expected neighbourhood burglary incidences at the Output Area level, providing a catalyst for stimulating further reflection by police officers and crime analysts.

scholarly journals Repercussions of the Coalition Governments Austerity Policy on Community Safety across Merseyside

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adegbola Ojo ◽  
Richard Evans ◽  
Jay Karecha
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Coalition Government ◽  
City Region ◽  
Budget Cuts ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Austerity Policy

Abstract This article explains the depth and breadth of financial cuts endured by community safety organizations across Merseyside. The article provides a robust explanation of how cuts to funding impacted on the delivery of public safety priorities under the coalition government (2010–15). This study implemented a mixed-methods approach which entailed in-depth consultations with the major community safety stakeholders within the region. Results reveal that over the course of the immediate past parliament, Merseyside Local Authorities within the Liverpool City Region Combined Authority (LCRCA) and the police force area had to restructure staffing and service provision extensively in order to deliver efficiency savings of over £650 m. Budget cuts have had severe repercussions not just in terms of stakeholder’s capability to provide key services but also for the morale of their staff. We project a further 33% cutback in funding over the course of the current parliament though subsequent more favourable Government announcements suggest a more modest figure of up to 15%. This undoubtedly will result in the further streamlining of public services with potentially serious ramifications for levels of public safety.

scholarly journals A quantitative study of Prince Albert’s crime/risk reduction approach to community safety

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Murray J. Sawatsky ◽  
Rick Ruddell ◽  
Nicholas A. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Crime Prevention ◽  
Community Mobilization ◽  
Crime Rates ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Costs Of Crime ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Crime Risk

Faced with escalating crime rates and increasing demands for services, the Prince Albert Police Service led a mobilization effort to implement a crime/risk reduction strategy called Community Mobilization Prince Albert (CMPA). This study examines the evolution of crime prevention practices from traditional police-based practices that rely on focused enforcement practices, to the emerging risk reduction model, wherein police-led partnerships with community agencies are developing responses to the unmet needs of individuals and families facing acutely elevated risk (AER). These community mobilization strategies have resonated with justice system stakeholders throughout Canada, diffusing throughout the nation in a relatively short period of time. This study examines the outcomes of these crime prevention efforts and their results on reducing crime and social disorder and the associated costs of crime to society, after implementation of CMPA in 2011. In order to evaluate the crime reduction efficacy of this approach, crime rates and the costs of crime were examined prior to the adoption of the mobilization efforts and afterwards. We find a statistically significant decrease in the rates of violent and property crimes after the introduction of the community mobilization approach, and the costs to society of these offences also decreased. Given those findings, a number of implications for policy, practice, and future research are identified.

The Child’s Guardian – Listening and Giving Weight to Children’s Views

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen James ◽  
David Lane
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The Family ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Children’S Views ◽  
Meaningful Relationships ◽  
Insight Into

Both the child protection and public child law systems assume a child-centred approach is at the heart of their work with children. That assumption is based on what are considered child-centred principles, which are enshrined in legislation in England and Wales in the Children Act 1989, mainly the principle of paramountcy of the child’s welfare in Section 1(1) and the principle of no delay in Section 1(2), in relation to the completion of proceedings ( hm Government, 1989). However, comprehensive reviews of both the child protection system (Munro, 2011) and the family justice system (Family Justice Review Panel, 2011), along with research findings (Cappleman et al., 2013) present a picture that challenges this assumption. Increasingly, the focus on the child’s life and welfare is hampered by a lack of time and resources available to professionals such as Guardians to enable them establish a meaningful and trusting relationship with the child in order to gain insight into and an understanding of the child’s world from the child’s perspective. The child appears to be very much on the periphery of a system that lacks real connectedness with the child and their view of their situation and circumstances. Such a level of connectedness can only be achieved by providing children with space and time to develop trust in and meaningful relationships with those whose duty it is to represent their true wishes and feelings and give due weight to the child’s perspective.

FC03-05 - An evaluation of service provision by community drug treatment services for opioid dependent pregnant drug users in England and Wales

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1826-1826 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Perez-Montejano ◽  
E. Finch ◽  
K. Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Drug Treatment ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Home Office ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Methadone Dosage ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Opioid Users

IntroductionOver the last decade a series of guidelines and recommendations have been published in the UK by the Department of Health, the Home Office, Professional and Non-Professional bodies. However, an optimal strategy and consensus in the management and care of opioid dependent pregnant users has yet to be established.ObjectivesDetermination of existing methods for identifying and managing pregnancy in opioid users prescribed methadone by NHS Treatment Services and regional differences.AimTo survey the management, treatment and follow-up of pregnant opioid users prescribed methadone by Drug Treatment Services in England and Wales.MethodsIn 2006 a POSTAL survey was conducted among 223 Community Drug Treatment Services (CDTS).ResultsSixty-six percent of CDTS responded to the survey (n = 154/233). A Chi-square, Mann_Whitney U Test and/or Kruskal-Wallis analysis revealed significant differences in the composition of CDTS and service provision across regions. Half of CDTS (55.3%) provided a methadone dosage regime lower than that recommended for non-pregnant drug users. There were also significant variations on how professionals approached the management of pregnant opioid users. CDTS with an addiction specialist were significantly more likely (p < .01) to advocate high doses of methadone whereas those with a midwife, obstetrician or social worker involved were more likely (p < .05) to suggest low dose methadone and/or detoxification.ConclusionsService provision for pregnant opioid users is comprehensive but there is still variability in some aspects of the treatment received. The way in which methadone is prescribed is not always optimal. Further work is required in this area.

‘Unsafe, Unjust and Harmful to Wider Society’: Grounds for Raising the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility in England and Wales

Youth Justice ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Goldson
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Responsibility ◽  
Community Safety ◽  
Social Harm ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Progressive Reform ◽  
Minimum Age ◽  
Outcomes For Children ◽  
Human Rights Standards

This article assesses critically the means by which social (symbolic) and statutory (institutionalized) constructions of child ‘offenders’ in England and Wales intersect and underpin processes of responsibilization and adultification. It is argued that securing immunity from prosecution should be the principal driver for raising the minimum age of criminal responsibility. In this sense the analysis is less concerned with questions of capacity and mens rea and more interested in: compliance with international human rights standards; modelling a system of justice that is broadly compatible with law, policy and practice in Europe (and elsewhere); ensuring that criminal law coheres with civil law; minimizing social harm and obtaining the best outcomes for children in conflict with the law, the wider community and the general public in respect of crime prevention and community safety. Finally, the prospects for such progressive reform within a context of heightened politicization are considered.

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