scholarly journals Effects of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Crumb Rubber on Selected Properties of Asphaltic Concrete

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
B.T. Ola ◽  
H. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Wet Process ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Marshall Stability

This study investigated the combined effects of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and crumb rubber (CR) as modifiers on some properties of asphaltic concrete. Asphaltic concrete materials were obtained from a construction site. CR of 9.5 mm size was obtained by sieving, while PET bottles were collected, sorted, washed, dried and shredded by mechanical means. The physical properties of these materials were determined following standard procedure. Bitumen was modified by wet process with PET and characterised. Asphaltic concrete samples with partial replacement of coarse aggregate in the mix with CR were prepared. Samples without modifiers were also prepared as control. These were subjected to Marshall Stability test. The percentage variation for stability and flow between the control and the modified mixes, were 27 % and 0.29 % respectively, while those of the volumetric properties of bulk density, voids filled bitumen (VFB), air voids (VA) and voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) were 0 %, - 0.13 %, 0 % and 0 % respectively. It was concluded that, there was no  difference between the flow and volumetric properties of the control and modified mixes. Keywords:  Polyethylene terephthalate, crumb rubber, asphaltic concrete, stability, flow, volumetric parameters

scholarly journals Coal Bottom Ash as Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate in Asphaltic Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Bottom Ash ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Coal Bottom Ash ◽  
Asphalt Mix ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Marshall Stability

The effect of coal bottom ash (CBA) on the characteristics of asphaltic concrete was investigated with a view to assess its suitability as a partial replacement of fine aggregate. Coal procured from Lafia-Obi coal mines was burnt in a fixed bed combustor until a sand size residual was produced. The properties of the materials used for the study were characterize using standard procedures. The CBA was introduced in the asphalt mix at an increasing rate of 10, 15, 20 and 25% content by weight of the fine aggregate and test samples of asphaltic concrete were prepared. The samples were subjected to Marshall stability test. Results showed that the specific gravity and absorption test for granite dust were 2.45 and 0.25%, respectively, while those of the CBA were 2.86 and 0.58% respectively. The result of stability, flow, bulk density, voids filled in bitumen (VFB), air voids (VA) and voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) of the asphaltic concrete at 0% CBA were 12.02 kN, 3.04 mm, 2.491g/cm3, 66.0%, 4.3%, 12.7% respectively; while the values at 20% CBA content were 16.97 kN, 3.51mm, 2.514g/ cm3 , 71.2%, 3.4%, 11.9% respectively. The result showed that coal bottom ash in asphaltic mix improved its properties.

scholarly journals An investigation on the effects of flaky particles on the properties of asphaltic mixtures

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 865-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Kazemi Darabadi ◽  
Hasan Taherkhani
Keyword(s):  
Creep Behaviour ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Static Creep ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Creep Stiffness ◽  
Marshall Stability

Flaky particles, because of their shape, are considered as inferior aggregates in asphaltic mixtures, and specifications usually set limits on the amount of flaky particles in asphaltic mixtures. In this study, the effects of flaky particles content on the volumetric properties, Marshall Stability and creep behaviour of hot mixed asphaltic concrete have been investigated. Specimens with two different types of gradation and specified amounts of flaky particles were made and used for Marshall Stability and static creep tests. Test results show that the Marshall Stability decreases and the air voids content of asphaltic mixture and the voids in mineral aggregate increase as the flaky particles content increases. It is also found that flaky particles cause increase in permanent deformation and decrease in creep stiffness. The creep tests also show that the recoverable deformation of the mixtures decreases as the flaky particles content increases.

scholarly journals The performance and durability of polyethylene terephthalate and crumb rubber–modified road pavement surfaces

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rean Maharaj ◽  
Chris Maharaj ◽  
Martina Mahase
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Commercial Application ◽  
Accelerated Weathering ◽  
Polymer Modification ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
Optimum Formulation ◽  
Petroleum Bitumen ◽  
Road Paving ◽  
Marshall Stability

This research investigates the influence of waste polymeric polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials obtained from waste plastic bottles and crumb rubber (CR) obtained from used automobile tyres on the performance (Marshall stability, flow and compression) and durability (weathering) characteristics of road-paving material made from Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen and the world-renowned Trinidad Lake Asphalt. Apart from possibly serving as additives to improve performance, incorporating waste PET and CR in asphaltic road-paving materials also offers a viable means of alleviating health and environmental problems associated with the waste disposal of PET and CR. The results of the Marshall testing found that the optimum dosage for polymer modification was 1.0% and 5.0% for PET and CR polymers, respectively. In comparison with a Marshall stability value for the unmodified asphalt sample of 10.2 kN with a corresponding flow value of 3.1 mm, the 5% PET modified sample had a Marshall stability value of 10.2 kN with a flow value of 3.2 mm, while the CR modified sample recorded the highest Marshall stability value of 10.7 kN at corresponding flow value of 2.8 mm. An undesirable trend of the gradual increasing of the voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) with incremental increases in the % of added PET and CR was observed; however, for all the modified specimens with the exception of the 5% PET modified sample, the VMA fell within the acceptable range of between 14% and 20%. The results of accelerated weathering and compression testing demonstrated that both the 1% PET and the 5% CR-modified samples had higher durability and compressive strength characteristics than the unmodified samples. Compressive stress values for the polymer-modified specimens were in excess of 45% compared to the unmodified ones. The relevance of the values obtained in this study cannot be ignored as it provides practical and essential data, especially of the optimal dosages of PET and CR required for the enhancement of the mechanical and durability properties of the Trinidad road-paving materials while simultaneously providing an environmentally desirable and sustainable method for reusing these waste polymers. Commercial application of the optimum formulation can be immediately implemented.

scholarly journals Use of Plastic Wastes and Reclaimed Asphalt for Sustainable Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-196
Author(s):  
Umar Hayat ◽  
Abdur Rahim ◽  
Ammad Hassan Khan ◽  
Zia Ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
The Face ◽  
Modified Binder ◽  
Marshall Stability

The increased cost of virgin material, declining resources and increasing plastic wastes have turned the research momentum towards sustainable and green pavements. Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) from the construction industry and plastic wastes disposal is the main problem for Pakistan as well as other developing countries in the face of fewer funds for the construction, repair, and rehabilitation of the extensive road network. In this research, the attempt has been made to study the use of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and plastic wastes to counter these issues. Virgin binder was modified with three different contents (2%, 4%, and 6%) of Polyethylene Terephthalate and three contents (20%, 30%, and 40%) of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement. Conventional properties of the modified binder were determined by penetration and softening point. At the same time, thermal stability was checked by Thermal Gravimetric Analysis, and resistance against rutting was evaluated with the help of Dynamic Shear Rheometer. It is observed that modified binder remains stable up to a temperature of 470 °C and showed improved resistance against rutting. Marshall mix properties were determined and compared to specifications of the National Highway Authority of Pakistan. Optimum Marshall stability was observed with 4% Polyethylene Terephthalate, and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, while flow and air voids remained in limits. As per the results, utilisation of plastic wastes in asphalt pavements enhances the performance and helps to reduce the environmental pollution and landfill problems due to Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and plastic wastes.

scholarly journals Effect of Crumb Rubber as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Cold Mixture Asphalt

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Paravita Sri Wulandari ◽  
Ken Kertorahardjo ◽  
Arianto Thesman ◽  
Daniel Tjandra
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Waste Tires ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Marshall Stability

The number of waste tires has been increasing as an impact of rapidly growing number of vehicles and becomes a global environmental concern. The environmental impact can be reduced by converting the waste tires to crumb rubber and reusing it as a replacement of fine aggregates in asphalt mixture. Dense graded cold mixtures asphalt design was developed for rubberized mixtures with up to 100% (by weight) crumb rubber replacement. Series of laboratory testing were performed for evaluating the Marshall stability and volumetric properties of rubberized cold mixture asphalt. The findings of this laboratory study indicated that Marshall stability and volumetric properties of these mixtures were affected by crumb rubber percentage. Although the use of crumb rubber in cold mixture asphalt could decrease the mechanical and volumetric properties of mixtures, but still has a great potential as a partial fine aggregate replacement in cold mixture asphalt. Rubberized cold mixture asphalt could be considered as a flexible pavement subjected to low traffic medium load.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the potential of sasobit polymer as an additive in bitumen and asphaltic concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-181
Author(s):  
H. Mohammed ◽  
S.A. Adefesobi
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Mixture ◽  
Asphaltic Concrete ◽  
Modified Bitumen ◽  
Specific Density ◽  
Mineral Aggregate ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
Construction Company ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Mineral Aggregates

This paper evaluated the effects of sasobit polymer (Sasobit®) on the characteristics of asphaltic concrete with a view to investigating its suitability as an additive in asphaltic concrete. Sasobit®, bitumen and aggregates were procured from a Construction Company site office, along Shagamu-Ibadan expressway. Sasobit® modified bitumen was prepared by adding Sasobit® to bitumen with increasing weight of Sasobit® at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3 % by the weight of the bitumen. Penetration and softening point tests were carried out on the samples and the mix-ratio for the bitumen – polymer mixture was determined. Asphaltic concrete samples with and without Sasobit® were prepared. The samples were subjected to Marshall Stability test. The stability, flow, specific density, voids filled with bitumen (VFB), air voids (VA) and voids in the mineral aggregate (VMA) weredetermined. The values of stability, flow, specific density, voids filled with bitumen, air voids and voids filled in the mineral aggregates for sample without Sasobit® were 13.63 kN 2.91 mm, 2.51, 64.64 %, 4.29 % and 18.19 %, respectively, while for those with Sasobit® at mix – ratio of 1.7 % bitumen – polymer mixture, the values were 14.67 kN, 2.41 mm, 2.55, 73.30 %, 3.96 % and 16.39 % respectively. The result showed that, Sasobit® as additive in asphaltic concrete improved its properties. Keywords: Sasobit®, Asphaltic Concrete, Stability, Flow, Voids filled with bitumen, Air voids, Voids in mineral aggregate

scholarly journals Properties of Waste Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Modified Asphalt Mixes: Dependence on PET Size, PET Content, and Mixing Process

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajan Choudhary ◽  
Abhinay Kumar ◽  
Kishori Murkute
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Mixing Process ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Dry Process ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Pet Bottles ◽  
Waste Polyethylene

Management and disposal of waste polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles is an ever-growing challenge. The present study investigated the effect of incorporation of shredded waste PET bottles on properties of asphalt mixes in terms of: (i) process of PET addition, (ii) PET content, and (iii) PET size. Experimental design included three variables: two processes (dry process, and modified dry process), three PET contents (2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% by weight of binder), and two PET sizes (2.36–1.18 mm, and 0.30–0.15 mm). Volumetric properties, Marshall parameters, and moisture susceptibility characteristics of PET modified mixes were evaluated and compared with control mix (without PET). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate main and interaction effects of the variables. Results indicated that all the three variables had significant influence on the measured properties. Further, mixes prepared using modified dry process outperformed other mixes and showed highest resistance towards moisture induced damage.

scholarly journals Influence of Iron-Filings on Marshall and Volumetric Properties of Asphalt Concrete

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 1684-1696
Author(s):  
Husham Al-Tuwayyij ◽  
Saad Issa Sarsam
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Design Procedure ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Volumetric Properties ◽  
Construction Costs ◽  
Air Voids ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability

The growth and expansion of road infrastructure had resulted in the continuous use of materials, increased construction costs of flexible pavements and increased environmental impact during the service life of the road. Consequently, many researchers have sought to use methods to maintain these roadways sustain environmental impact and traffic loads. One of these approaches is the use of additives to improve asphalt's volumetric character. In this research, iron filings were used as partial replacement of fine aggregates, and the Marshall and volumetric properties were assessed before and after the implementation of iron filings. Specimens were prepared with iron filings addition of (2, 4, 6 and 8%) by weight of fine aggregates. The Marshall mix design procedure was used to calculate the optimum asphalt content and the volumetric properties, including bulk density, Total voids, voids in mineral aggregates V.M.A., and voids filled with asphalt V.F.A. The Marshall Flow and Stability were calculated. Test results were assessed before and after the inclusion of the iron filings. It was concluded that the addition of iron filings can enhance the Marshall and volumetric properties of asphalt. The stability increased by 15% when replacing fine aggregates by 2%, of iron filings by total weight. Also, the air voids and the VMA decreased by increasing the percentage of iron filings, while VFA was not significantly affected as compared to the conventional specimen. The ideal ratio of iron filings which fulfill the optimal requirements was 5%.

scholarly journals Material Properties and Environmental Benefits of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixes Including Local Crumb Rubber Obtained from Scrap Tires

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Lim Min Khiong ◽  
Md. Safiuddin ◽  
Mohammad Abdul Mannan ◽  
Resdiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Crumb Rubber ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Scrap Tires ◽  
Asphalt Mixes ◽  
Temperature Resistance ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Marshall Stability

This paper presents the results of a laboratory-based experimental investigation on the properties of asphalt binder and hot-mix asphalt (HMA) mixes modified by locally available crumb rubber, which was used as a partial replacement of asphalt by weight. In this study, fine crumb rubber with a particle size in the range of 0.3–0.6 mm, obtained from scrap tires, was added to the asphalt binder through the wet process. Crumb rubber contents of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% by weight of asphalt were added to the virgin binder in order to prepare the modified asphalt binder samples, while the unmodified asphalt binder was used as the control sample. The crumb rubber modified binder samples were examined for measuring viscosity indirectly using the penetration test, and temperature resistance using the softening point test. Later, both the modified and unmodified asphalt binders were used to produce HMA mixes. Two categories of HMA mix commonly used in Malaysia—namely, AC 14 (dense-graded) and SMA 14 (gap-graded)—were produced using the modified asphalt binders containing 5%, 10%, 15%, and 19% crumb rubber. Two AC 14 and SMA 14 control mixes were also produced, incorporating the unmodified asphalt binder (0% crumb rubber). All of the AC 14 and SMA 14 asphalt mixes were examined in order to determine their volumetric properties, such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), and voids filled with asphalt (VFA). In addition, the Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness of all of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes were determined. Test results indicated that the modified asphalt binders possessed higher viscosity and temperature resistance than the unmodified asphalt binder. The viscosity and temperature resistance of the asphalt binders increased with the increase in their crumb rubber content. The increased crumb rubber content also led to improvements in the volumetric properties (bulk density, VTM, VMA, and VFA) of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes. In addition, the performance characteristics of the AC 14 and SMA 14 mixes—such as Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and stiffness—increased with the increase in crumb rubber content. However, the AC 14 mixes performed much better than the SMA 14 mixes. The overall research findings suggest that crumb rubber can be used to produce durable and sustainable HMA mixes, with manifold environmental benefits, for use in flexible pavements carrying the heavy traffic load of highways.

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