The Self-consuming Commodity: Audiences, Users, and the Riddle of Digital Labor

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kaplan
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
Digital Labor ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
And Function

This article reexamines the digital labor debate in light of its inheritance of the “audience commodity” problematic. It argues that prevailing approaches to the problem of digital labor proceed from a crucial misunderstanding of the economic status and function of advertising in general and in the social media industry in particular. To remedy this problem, it offers an analysis of social media systems as market monopolies that organize a self-defeating arms race among their customers. This arms race enables social networking sites (SNS) to extract large price surpluses, effectively exploiting their customers.

scholarly journals Usage of Social Media by Leading Political Parties in General Election 2018 of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Ashraf Iqbal ◽  
Kishwer Perveen ◽  
Saima Waheed
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
The Social ◽  
Setting Theory ◽  
Social Media Tools

Social Networking sites are highly used for political proposes. In this study, the research tried to search the usage of social media by political parties during elections campaigns 2018 in Pakistan. The researcher applied the agenda-setting theory to link the social media posts of these political parties' pages and content analysis research technique for analyzing the variables. It was concluded from the that these social media are highly used for mobilizing voters where the users of these mediums not only see these posts but also like, comment and share for responding about what is uploaded on these social media pages by the representatives of political parties. It is concluded that from three trending political parties, PTI emerged as the most dominant party by using these social media tools, by uploading a maximum number of posts, by mobilizing voters to vote for a specific political party.

Hyperreality of #BlackLivesMatter Movement on Social Media

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Ghozian Aulia Pradhana ◽  
◽  
Syaifa Tania ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
African American ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Social ◽  
True Meaning ◽  
Social Media Platforms

This study aims to reveal how hyperreality is reflected in using the #BlackLivesMatter hashtag on social media. The death of an African-American, George Floyd, that involved white police, has sparked outrage and demonstrations in many U.S. states. Issues pertaining to racism sparked in relation to the event, and many people protested demanding justice. The demand for justice then went into a wave of massive global protests both in offline and online realities—the #BlackLivesMatter hashtag was widely used on social media when protests were held. The #BlackLivesMatter hashtag even became a trending topic on several social media platforms, as if everyone was concerned about the issue and aiming for the same purpose. However, we might find several posts that neither reflected nor were related to the case. Some social media users put the hashtag even though their content substance was not related. This phenomenon then led to a condition of hyperreality in questioning reality from a simulation of reality. The method used in this study is content analysis which measures the sentiment of comments on Twitter and Instagram. The study found that social networking sites mobilised online movements even though they were not directly related to the #BlackLivesMatter movement. On the other hand, hashtag activism reduced the true meaning of the social movement. Therefore, the hyperreality in #BlackLivesMatter could not be seen any longer as a form of massive protests demanding justice and ending violence, but merely to gain more digital presence on social media. Keywords: Black lives matter, movement, social media, hyperreality, hashtag activism.

Empirical Study of Cyber Harassment among Social Networks

2014 ◽  
pp. 1717-1730
Author(s):  
Joanne Kuzma
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Protective Measures ◽  
Cyber Harassment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Communication Methods

The growth of Online Social Networking sites has brought new services and communication methods to consumers. However, along with benefits, serious problems such as online cyber harassment have recently come to the forefront of the electronic media. This behavior can have significant negative effect on individuals, businesses and the social networks. Some sites have begun to provide some levels of protection and create specific anti-harassment policies in their terms of service along with implementing protection technologies. However, these protective measures are not consistent among social media, leaving some consumers at greater risk. This study analyzed 60 worldwide social sites and determined the level of cyber-harassment protection. It reviewed statistical differences among geographical-based social networks. The results showed significant gaps among various social networks, but suggests methods for improving consumer safeguards to provide consistent levels of protection.

Social networking sites and customers’ attitude towards advertisements

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaustav Mukherjee ◽  
Neelotpaul Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Positive Attitude ◽  
Social Networking Site ◽  
Customer Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The study aims to demonstrate the impact of social media users’ positive attitude towards the social networking sites (SNS) on the generation of a positive attitude towards social networking advertisements (SNA). A favourable attitude towards the SNA thus generated can positively influence brand attitude and purchase intention. Design/methodology/approach An online survey was conducted to collect relevant data using a structured questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was conducted using the statistical software AMOS 18. Findings Empirical analysis revealed the importance of brand advertisements on the social networks in inciting a positive attitude as well as a purchase intention for the brand in the SNS users’ minds. Research limitations/implications The study has been conducted in the Indian context using Facebook as a model social networking site. Practical implications Social media being one of the most popular and user-friendly platforms for regular communications, marketers are suggested to allocate a sizeable share of the advertising budget for social media advertisements and customer engagement so as to help build a positive attitude towards the advertised brand in the SNS users’ minds. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the impact of users’ positive evaluation of SNS as an effective communication medium, on the generation of a positive attitude towards the SNA, has been dealt for the first time here.

Social Networking

2015 ◽  
pp. 118-130
Author(s):  
Vladlena Benson
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Social Technology ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Social Networking Services ◽  
Social Settings ◽  
The Social

As the social technology matured in recent years, so did the threat landscape of the online medium. Fears about breaches of privacy and personal information security seem to dominate the list of concerns of social media users described in literature. Popular press continually reports cases of inadvertent and malicious information disclosure and breaches, cyberbullying, and stalking. Yet, social networking sites proliferated into all areas of human activity. The factor causing this phenomenon lies in the trusted nature of networks and the sense of trustworthiness of this easy-to-use technology. The formation of trust into social technology has attracted much attention, and this chapter offers an overview of the trust predictors in social settings. It continues with a retrospective into the threat landscape and the use of personalisation by social networking services to counter some of these threats. Further research directions are discussed.

Computing Opinions for Twitter Review Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 4360-4363
Author(s):  
S. Tenkale Pallavi ◽  
S. Jagannatha
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Association Network ◽  
The Social ◽  
Individual Human

Customers and users post their opinions or reviews on social networking sites and it has increased the amount of data WWW. With this users from all over world try to share their opinions and sentiments on the blogging sites every day. Internet is being used in form of web pages, social media, and sometimes blogs which increases online portals sentiments, reviews, opinions, references, scores, and feedbacks are also generated by people. Twitter is the most famous micro-blogging site where users express their opinions in the form of tweets. The user can express their sentiments about various aspects e.g., books, celebrities, restaurants, various products, research, events, etc. All these opinions plays vital roles and they are quite important for various businesses, for government schemes, and for individual human being as well. Still, there are many curbs in mining reviews or opinions and process to calculate them. These limitations have turned into highland in investigating the actual gist of opinions and measuring its polarity. Hence, we recommend an inventive way to compute the sentiments for given reviews or opinions. This recommendation is centered on the social networking sites’ information of various Tweets, a word-emotion-association-network is put up in association to represent opinions and semantics that decides the base for the emotions (sentiment) analysis of opinion or reviews.

What have we learned about social media by studying Facebook? A decade in review

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Stoycheff ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Kunto A. Wibowo ◽  
Dominic P. Nanni
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Academic Context ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Repertoires

A recent review published by Rains and Brunner documented an overwhelming preponderance of the Facebook brand in scholarship about social networking sites (SNS). This follow-up analysis shows that Facebook is still over-privileged when examining the broader umbrella of social media brands; the social networking hegemon constitutes over half of all scholarship across an array of social media, including SNS, media sharing sites, (micro)blogging platforms, virtual communities, and others. This study builds upon Rains and Brunner’s critiques about the over-reliance on the Facebook brand and calls for more scholarship that examines social media as part of larger media repertoires, is more inclusive of indigenous social media brands and their users, and provides greater diversity in terms of academic context. In doing, it serves as the most comprehensive review of social media scholarship to date. Implications for future research are discussed.

Redefining privacy and anonymity through social networking affordances

First Monday ◽  
2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela M. Cirucci
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Media Studies ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
The Self ◽  
Online Social Media ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Privacy And Anonymity

Social networking sites allow people to create, broadcast, and interpret the self in new and evolving ways. While early online social media studies praised the Internet for providing an anonymous space in which to experiment with identity, more recent research suggests that social networking sites have become not anonymous, as they compel users to perform identity in new ways. Through a novel application of affordance theory, this paper argues that instead of attempting to apply outdated definitions of privacy to social networking spaces, we should instead be discussing our right to anonymity. I argue that privacy is immaterial due to the fact that from the moment we log in and interact with a social media interface, we have shared some type of personal information with someone. Anonymity, on the other hand, is defined as the unlinkability of our many identifications. Thus, instead of attempting to define ideas such as “personal” and “private,” we should instead fight for the separation of selves, both at the social and institutional level.

scholarly journals The use of Social Networking Sites in modern recruitment – empirical study

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Łukasz Sułkowski ◽  
Michał Chmielecki
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Primary Research ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Talented People ◽  
The Social

Abstract Current changes in technology and the role of the Internet open up new opportunities for companies both to communicate and to work. The fact that Social Media entered the business landscape, and in particular the recruitment landscape leads to a demand for knowledge about recruitment trends regarding social media. Contemporary social media and recruitment texts have been reviewed in order to identify what impact social media is having on the recruitment industry. It focuses on how companies and recruitment professionals are taking advantage of the social media landscape to recruit talented people. Relevant existing research has been reviewed and primary research conducted (both qualitative and quantitative). The authors have conducted 8 IDIs with recruiter from various industries. The latter consisted of 147 CAWIs with employees from various Polish organizations from several different industries. The article presents interesting results that can be especially useful for recruitment managers, specialists and company owners. It is recommended that in order to gain a fuller picture of the issues underlying the findings, quantitative research on a bigger scale should be undertaken.

scholarly journals Social Media Security: Identity Theft Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1656-1662
Author(s):  
M.M. Shahria ◽  
Mohammed Nazim Uddin ◽  
Miraj Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Identity Theft ◽  
The Social ◽  
Commit Suicide

Social networking sites are becoming parts and parcels of our daily life. With the increasing of its popularity, the cybercrimes, targeting these platforms are also increasing. Cybercriminals use this platform to harass the victims personally, socially and financially. Such type of crimes is performed using some of the vulnerabilities of the social networking platforms. Identity theft is one of those crimes which is increasing alarmingly. By creating a fake account, using the same information and profile picture, one can easily take disguise of another person. Hence, the criminal can chat with other persons impersonating the victim. Thus, the criminal takes the disguise of a person and starts harassing other people. The consequence of this problem is very dangerous. By doing so, the criminal ruins the image of the victim. There are so many cases where victims attempted to commit suicide after facing this type of terrible problem. All these things are occurring as the criminal can download or collect the profile picture of the victim easily and open a clone account easily. The availability of information is giving the chance to the cybercriminal to make an account exactly looks like the victim’s one. In this paper, we attempt to prevent this type of identity theft by an image based solution on the social networking platforms. The name of this model is ‘Image Based Identity Theft Prevention’.

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