Manufacturing techniques and property evaluations of conductive elastic knits

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-533
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Lou ◽  
Chih-Hung He ◽  
Jia-Horng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Electric Circuits ◽  
Twisted Yarn ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Wearable Electronic ◽  
Metallic Wires ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Maximum Increment

Textiles can have valuable functions in terms of measurement, detection and communication when they are incorporated into functional electronic devices. However, the additional electric circuits limit the flexibility and extensibility, making the wearers uncomfortable and the manufacturing difficult. Therefore, in this study, conductive elastic knits are made of metallic yarns and expected to be used as wearable electronic textiles. In order to retain the flexibility of knits, a crochet machine with jacquard equipment is used to create knit patterns as electric circuits. Regardless of whether it is single-twisted yarn, double-twisted yarn, single-wrapped yarn, or double-wrapped yarn, the metallic wires can be completely covered in polyester filaments. Variations in twist numbers of conductive yarns or knit patterns are beneficial to the tensile strength with a maximum increment of 14%, and changing twist numbers of conductive yarns or knit patterns have a positive influence on the air permeability with a maximum increment of 24%. According to the results of the electric circuit stability test, using double-covered yarns ensures the knits a stabilized electric circuit regardless of the knit pattern.

scholarly journals Highly Sensitive E-Textile Strain Sensors Enhanced by Geometrical Treatment for Human Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Cuong Vu ◽  
Jooyong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Form Factors ◽  
Human Movement ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Strain Sensors ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Smart Textiles ◽  
Electronic Manufacturing ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Textile Sensors ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Electronic textiles, also known as smart textiles or smart fabrics, are one of the best form factors that enable electronics to be embedded in them, presenting physical flexibility and sizes that cannot be achieved with other existing electronic manufacturing techniques. As part of smart textiles, e-sensors for human movement monitoring have attracted tremendous interest from researchers in recent years. Although there have been outstanding developments, smart e-textile sensors still present significant challenges in sensitivity, accuracy, durability, and manufacturing efficiency. This study proposes a two-step approach (from structure layers and shape) to actively enhance the performance of e-textile strain sensors and improve manufacturing ability for the industry. Indeed, the fabricated strain sensors based on the silver paste/single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) layers and buffer cutting lines have fast response time, low hysteresis, and are six times more sensitive than SWCNT sensors alone. The e-textile sensors are integrated on a glove for monitoring the angle of finger motions. Interestingly, by attaching the sensor to the skin of the neck, the pharynx motions when speaking, coughing, and swallowing exhibited obvious and consistent signals. This research highlights the effect of the shapes and structures of e-textile strain sensors in the operation of a wearable e-textile system. This work also is intended as a starting point that will shape the standardization of strain fabric sensors in different applications.

The impact of different proportions of knitting elements on the resistive properties of conductive fabrics

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 881-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Liu ◽  
Yanping Liu ◽  
Li Li
Keyword(s):  
Contact Resistance ◽  
Reference Source ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Resistive Networks ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Resistive Property

Conductive yarn is the key factor in fabricating electronic textiles. Generally, three basic fabric production methods (knit, woven, and non-woven) combined with two finishing processes (embroidery and print) are adopted to embed conductive yarns into fabrics to achieve flexible electronic textiles. Conductive yarns with knit structure are the most flexible and effective form of electronic textiles. Electronic textiles present many advantages over conventional electronics. However, in the process of commercialization of conductive knitted fabrics, it is a great challenge to control the complicated resistive networks in conductive knitted fabrics for the purpose of cost saving and good esthetics. The resistive networks in conductive knitted fabrics contain length-related resistance and contact resistance. The physical forms of conductive yarns in different fabrication structures can be very different and, thus, the contact resistance varies greatly in different fabrics. So far, study of controlling the resistive property of conductive fabrics has not been conducted. Therefore, establishing a systematic method for the industry as a reference source to produce wearable electronics is in great demand. During the industrialization of conductive knitted fabrics, engineers can estimate the resistive property of the fabric in advance, which makes the production process more effective and cost efficient. What is more, the resistive distribution in the same area of knitted fabrics can be fully controlled.

scholarly journals Sequential Reasoning in Electricity: Developing and Using a Three-Tier Multiple Choice Test

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hildegard Urban
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Choice ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
School Students ◽  
Reliable Measure ◽  
Electric Circuits ◽  
Multiple Choice Tests ◽  
Qualitative Understanding ◽  
In Series ◽  
Testing Electricity

Electricity is one of the areas in physics most studied in terms of learning difficulties. Misconceptions are strongly-held, stable cognitive structures, which differ from expert conception and affect how students understand scientific explanations. Therefore, there is a need for tests of conceptual understanding tests which are useful in diagnosing the nature of students’ misconceptions related to simple electric circuits and, in consequence, can serve as a valid and reliable measure of students’ qualitative understanding of simple electric circuits. As ordinary multiple choice tests with one-tier may overestimate the students’ correct as well as wrong answers, two- and three-tier tests were developed by researchers. Although, there is much research related to students’ conceptions in basic electricity, there is a lack of instruments for testing basic electricity concepts of students at grade 7, especially addressing an electric circuit as a system for a simple circuit of resistors and lamps in series. To address this gap, the context of the present study is an extension to the development of an already existing instrument developed by the author for testing electricity concepts of students at grade 7, specifically focusing on only two specific aspects in depth: first, to develop three-tier items for figuring out sequential reasoning, and second, to distinguish between misconceptions and lack of knowledge. The participants of the study included 339 secondary school students from grade 7 to 12 after instruction on electricity. Surprisingly, there are no dependences on students’ misconceptions either according to their gender or to their age. In conclusion, the findings of the study suggest that four items for uncovering students’ sequential reasoning can serve as a valid and reliable measure of students’ qualitative understanding of the systemic character of an electric circuit.

Defining Flexibility and Sewability in Conductive Yarns

2002 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Orth
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
Stress And Strain ◽  
Lateral Stress ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Qualitative Properties ◽  
Textile Manufacturing ◽  
Conductive Yarns

ABSTRACTIn order for electronic textiles to truly qualify as textiles, they must maintain one of the intrinsic qualities of textiles, flexibility, or the ability to resist permanent deformation under bending, lateral stress and strain. Flexibility will allow electric textiles to be intimate, soft, wearable, conformable and durable. Unfortunately, flexibility is poorly understood by many researchers who come from a traditional electronics background. This paper presents some common terminology of textiles, and different approaches to understanding flexibility in fibers and yarns. Because one of the most mechanically stressful textile manufacturing process is machine sewing and embroidery, this paper defines the necessary properties of machine sewable yarns and demonstrates a formal Curl Test for judging the sewability and flexibility of stainless steel yarns. This paper also examines flexibility in yarns and fibers, historically and based on a mathematical model and more qualitative properties.

Aqueous Nanocoating Approach to Strong Natural Microfibers with Tunable Electrical Conductivity for Wearable Electronic Textiles

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 2406-2413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Xie ◽  
Bo Shan ◽  
Huan Xu ◽  
Jinlai Li ◽  
Zhong-Ming Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Wearable Electronic

The Development of Physics Education Game on Direct Current Electric Circuit for Learners

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-62
Author(s):  
Jati Zen Ma'ruf
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Physics Education ◽  
Electric Circuit ◽  
Student Response ◽  
Educational Game ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Distribution Data ◽  
Response Sheet ◽  
Physics Learning ◽  
Electric Circuits

This study is the research of the development of physics education game application. This study has two purposes, namely to (1) developing multimedia for physics learning in the form of a physics education game on direct current electric circuits, (2) knowing the quality of educational game applications that have been produced according to experts, (3)knowing the user's (student's) response to the media of physics learning in the form of educational game applications related to direct current electrical circuit. The development procedure in this study refers to the Luther-Sutopo procedure consisting of the stage of concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing, and distribution. Data collection techniques in the research in this study using a questionnaire. The research instrument in this study was a validation and assessment sheet which was adapted from the rubric for evaluating C. Stewart's educational game, student response sheets, and the game tester response sheet. Product validation and assessment uses a Likert scale with 4 scales and students' responses use the Guttman scale, while the game tester response sheet uses descriptive analysis. The results of this study are products in the form of simulation physics education game applications in direct current electric circuits, the results of the validation and assessment of material experts and media experts, the educational game application scored 3.8 and 3.3 in a very good category. The results of the user’s (student’s) response to the direct current electric circuit educational game application developed got an average score of 0.97 with the agreed category.

A novel yarn spinning method for fabricating conductive and nanofiber-coated hybrid yarns

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372091441
Author(s):  
Gizem Kayabaşı ◽  
Özgü Özen ◽  
Demet Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fiber Types ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Support Materials ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Conductive Yarns ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fabric Production

Electronic or conductive textiles have attracted particular attention because of their potential applications in the fields of energy storage, supercapacitors, solar cells, health care devices, etc. Contrary to solid materials, the properties of textile materials such as stretchability, foldability, washability, etc. make the textiles ideal support materials for electronic devices. Therefore, in recent years, various conductive materials and production methods have been researched extensively to make the textiles conductive. In the present study, an alternative method based on imparting the conductivity to the fiber-based structure for the production of conductive textiles was established. Considering the contribution of unique characteristics of the fiber-based structure to the clothing systems, imparting the conductivity to the fibrous structure before yarn and fabric production may help to protect the breathable, lightweight, softness, deformable and washable of textile structure, and hence to improve the wearability properties of the electronic textiles. In the study, carbon black nanoparticles were selected as a conductive material due to low cost and easy procurable while cotton fiber together with other fiber types such as polyester, acrylic and viscose rayon fibers were used due to their common usage in the textile industry. In addition, various production parameters (CB concentration, feeding rate, etc.) were analyzed and the results indicated that the developed alternative method is capable to produce conductive yarns and electrical resistance of the yarns was about 94–4481 kΩ. The yarns had comparable yarn tenacity and breaking elongation properties, and still carried conductive character even after washing. In literature, there has been no effort to get conductivity in this manner and the method can be considered to be a new application for added-on or built-in future wearable electronics. Also, in the study, produced conductive yarns were used as a collector to gather the nanofibers onto the yarn to produce hybrid yarns enabling the production of functional textile products.

scholarly journals Wearable Electronic Textiles from Nanostructured Piezoelectric Fibers

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1900900 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mokhtari ◽  
Geoffrey M. Spinks ◽  
Cormac Fay ◽  
Zhenxiang Cheng ◽  
Raad Raad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Textiles ◽  
Wearable Electronic
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