The Educative Effects of Extreme Television Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Benjamin Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Citizen Competence ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Lab Experiments ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Survey Finding ◽  
Television Media ◽  
Extreme Media

This article investigates whether exposure to extreme television media informs citizens about politics. Using lab experiments with both student and non-student samples, I find that extreme media produce higher levels of political knowledge and that they also produce higher levels of negative affect among viewers compared with control groups. I also show that extreme media are at least as informative as traditional news. This research adds to the growing literature on media effects in a polarized media environment, showing that extreme television media can have a beneficial impact on at least one important area of U.S. politics: citizen competence. To account for external validity and popular conceptions on extreme media’s non-informative nature, I use cross-sectional data from the 2008 National Annenberg Election Survey finding that extreme television viewership correlates with greater political knowledge, while controlling for other known predictors.

Theoretical and Methodological Problems of a 10-Year Follow-Up Program Evaluation Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A. Heller ◽  
Ralph Reimann
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Partial Inclusion ◽  
Methodological Problems

Summary In this paper, conceptual and methodological problems of school program evaluation are discussed. The data were collected in conjunction with a 10 year cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation with partial inclusion of control groups. The experiences and conclusions resulting from this long-term study are revealing not only from the vantage point of the scientific evaluation of new scholastic models, but are also valuable for program evaluation studies in general, particularly in the field of gifted education.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PAPARAN PORNOGRAFI MELALUI TELEVISI DENGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL REMAJA SMA NEGERI 2 KENDARI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Yustiari Yustiari ◽  
Syahrianti Syahrianti
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Television Media ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The use of technology nowadays increasingly facilitates communication without being limited by space and time. At present print and electronic media is an environment that is close to teenagers. Television is an electronic media that is easily accessible to teenagers because of the large amount of information and news broadcast. This study aims to determine the relationship of exposure to pornography through television with teenage sexual behavior of SMAN 2 Kendari. Type of research is analytical, with the research design used is the Cross Sectional Study. The research sample was 69 people. With the inclusion criteria willing to take part in the study by signing the consent sheet and being a teenager attending school at SMAN 2 Kendari. Most respondents 36 people (53.1%) had exposure to pornography from low television media. Mild sexual behavior of 60 respondents (86.96%). The majority of sexual behavior that respondents often do when their boyfriend is holding hands 40 (57.9%). A total of 5 respondents (7.2%) did kisses involving the tongue during dating. Most respondents have peer behavior that is low (57.9%). Based on the results of the study there is a significant relationship between exposure to pornography from television media and teenage sexual behavior (p<0.05).

Increased levels of bisphenol A (BPA) in Thai girls with precocious puberty

2016 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vichit Supornsilchai ◽  
Chutima Jantarat ◽  
Wichit Nosoognoen ◽  
Sopon Pornkunwilai ◽  
Suttipong Wacharasindhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Age At Onset ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

AbstractReports on the secular trend of pubertal onset indicate a recent earlier start especially in girls. Bisphenol A (BPA), which posses estrogenic activity, might be a cause of advanced puberty. The objective of the study was to determine the association between BPA and advanced puberty.A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with advanced puberty (n=41) compared to age-matched controls (n=47). Anthropometric measurements, estradiol, basal and gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, uterine sizes, ovarian diameters and bone ages were obtained. Urinary BPA concentrations were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/MSMS) with the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 0.05 ng/mL.The median adjust-BPA concentration in advanced puberty group was higher than in control groups [1.44 vs. 0.59 μg/g creatinine (Cr): p<0.05]. We also found that the median adjust-BPA concentration in girls with advanced puberty who were overweight/obese, was greater than in the normal pubertal overweight/obese girls (1.74 vs. 0.59 μg/g Cr: p<0.05), and was in the same trend among normal weight girls with advanced and normal puberty (0.83 vs. 0.49 μg/g Cr: p=0.09), but not statistically significant.The present findings suggest that BPA exposure appears to be related to an earlier age at onset of puberty especially in obese girls.

Hematological alteration among visceral leishmaniasis patients attending in Western Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2018/2019: A cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gebremedhin Gebremichail ◽  
Brhane Tesfanchal ◽  
Getachew Belay ◽  
Gebreslassie Gebremariam ◽  
Gebreyohans Teklehaymanot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Red Cell Indices ◽  
Hematological Abnormalities

Abstract Background: Hematological abnormalities are common in visceral leishmaniasis patients, which is one of the main public health problems worldwide. The most common hematological abnormalities are anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the hematological alteration among visceral leishmaniasis patients attending Western Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2019. Method: Hospital based comparative cross sectional study was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019 in Western Tigrai, Ethiopia. A total of 100 Visceral Leishmaniasis patients and 100 control groups were included in this study. Blood was collected and analyzed by mindray BC-5800 hematology analyzer. Data was entered and analyzed using Statistical package for social science version 23. Student independent t-test was used for data analysis. P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Result: From the total 100 visceral leishmaniasis patients the following abnormalities were reported: 96(96%) anemia, 95(95%) leucopenia, 92(92%) neutropenia, 73(73%) Lymphopenia, 45(45%) eosinopenia and 97(97%) had thrombocytopenia. Red blood cell, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red cell indices and platelet were significantly lower (p<0.05) in visceral leishmaniasis patients compared with the control groups. Similarly the total White blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil and basophil count were significantly lower (p<0.05) in visceral leishmaniasis patients compared with the control groups. Conclusion: The major changes in peripheral blood of patient with visceral leishmaniasis are reduced number of red blood cells, reduction in leukocytes and decreased platelet count. Visceral leishmaniasis patients presented with anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia. So this finding indicates that visceral leishmaniasis causes alterations of hematological parameters. Key words: Amastigote, Anemia, Hematological Parameters, Promastigote, Visceral leishmaniasis, Ethiopia .

Conditions for Political Accountability in a High-Choice Media Environment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Prior
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Public Affairs ◽  
Small Subset ◽  
Political Accountability ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Small Segment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tuning Out

Communication technology has increased availability of public affairs information, but many citizens ignore it. How do greater availability and less widespread consumption of news affect political accountability? Not all citizens have to follow the news for media coverage to improve accountability. Under some conditions, higher levels of news exposure and political knowledge in a relatively small subset of the population could strengthen accountability, even when other citizens follow the news less than in the past. For this to work, news junkies must effectively represent the interests of those who are tuning out. If news junkies have different interests than the rest of the population, their efforts to monitor officials and raise concerns may lead to less representative government and lower accountability. As a result of more media choice, the task of holding elected officials accountable rests increasingly on a small segment of the population.

scholarly journals Individualized ovarian stimulation in IVF/ICSI treatment: it is time to stop using high FSH doses in predicted low responders

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 1954-1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jori A Leijdekkers ◽  
Helen L Torrance ◽  
Nienke E Schouten ◽  
Theodora C van Tilborg ◽  
Simone C Oudshoorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Birth ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Risk Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Responders ◽  
Intermediate Outcomes ◽  
Starting Dose ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Dosing Strategy

ABSTRACT In IVF/ICSI treatment, the FSH starting dose is often increased in predicted low responders from the belief that it improves the chance of having a baby by maximizing the number of retrieved oocytes. This intervention has been evaluated in several randomized controlled trials, and despite a slight increase in the number of oocytes—on average one to two more oocytes in the high versus standard dose group—no beneficial impact on the probability of a live birth has been demonstrated (risk difference, −0.02; 95% CI, −0.11 to 0.06). Still, many clinicians and researchers maintain a highly ingrained belief in ‘the more oocytes, the better’. This is mainly based on cross-sectional studies, where the positive correlation between the number of retrieved oocytes and the probability of a live birth is interpreted as a direct causal relation. If the latter would be present, indeed, maximizing the oocyte number would benefit our patients. The current paper argues that the use of high FSH doses may not actually improve the probability of a live birth for predicted low responders undergoing IVF/ICSI treatment and exemplifies the flaws of directly using cross-sectional data to guide FSH dosing in clinical practice. Also, difficulties in the de-implementation of the increased FSH dosing strategy are discussed, which include the prioritization of intermediate outcomes (such as cycle cancellations) and the potential biases in the interpretation of study findings (such as confirmation or rescue bias).

scholarly journals Influence of etanercept on leptin and ghrelin secretion in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 525-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Maciejewska-Paszek ◽  
Elżbieta Grochowska-Niedworok ◽  
Andrzej Siwiec ◽  
Anna Gruenpeter ◽  
Lechosław Dul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Ghrelin ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Acyl Ghrelin ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ghrelin Secretion

Objective To assess possible changes in leptin and ghrelin secretion due to etanercept in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Methods 50 patients with JIA and 16 age-matched controls were enrolled into this prospective, cross-sectional study. Serum leptin, total and acyl ghrelin were measured in addition to white blood cell (WBC) and lymphocyte counts. Results 25 patients received etanercept and 25 conventional therapies (including methotrexate) for JIA. There was no difference between treatment and control groups in leptin or ghrelin levels and no evidence of a relationship between leptin and ghrelin in patients with JIA. In all children with JIA there was a correlation between leptin and body mass index (BMI). However, compared with children in the conventional treatment group, children in the etanercept group showed a positive correlation between total ghrelin and BMI and those with a low BMI showed a negative correlation between acyl ghrelin and BMI. Conclusion No differences in leptin and ghrelin concentrations were found when patients with JIA and controls were compared or when patients who received etanercept were compared with those who received conventional treatment for JIA.

Smoking and binge drinking among cancer survivors: The forth Korean national health and nutrition examination surveys (KNHANES IV, 2007-2009).

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Mi Ah Han ◽  
Myeung Guen Oh ◽  
Jong Park ◽  
So Yeon Ryu ◽  
Seong Woo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survivors ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
National Health ◽  
Smoking Rate ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Cancer

28 Background: This study aimed to describe the prevalence of smoking and binge drinking among cancer survivors in Korea, and to compare these rates with those of two control groups: individuals without a history of cancer but with other chronic diseases, and individuals without a history of cancer and without other chronic diseases. Methods: The study is a cross-sectional analysis of 37,878 adults ≥20 years old who participated in the Forth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES IV, 2007-2009). The prevalence of smoking and binge drinking were assessed and compared to two control groups. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the likelihood and predictors of current smoking and binge drinking. Results: The prevalence of smoking and binge drinking were 9.6% and 6.6% among cancer survivors, respectively. Cancer survivors showed lower smoking rate compared with both control groups after adjusting gender, age, marital status, education, income and health insurance. Survivors’ smoking and binge drinking did not vary substantially by the clinical factors assessed. Conclusions: In our study, the smoking rate was significantly low in cancer survivor compared with both control groups. This result suggested that cancer survivors were more likely than individuals without a cancer history to obtain good health related behavior.

Are Ultrasound Findings Similar in Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis and in Athlete Entheses?

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 609-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Alix Lanfranchi ◽  
Olivier Leluc ◽  
Alice Tavano ◽  
Cécile Wormser ◽  
Sophie Morange ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Us Findings

Objective.Enthesitis is the spondyloarthritis (SpA) landmark, but can also be seen after entheses overuse, such as during intensive sport.Methods.We aimed to compare entheses ultrasound (US) findings in a prospective cross-sectional study of 30 axial SpA cases, 30 athletes, and 29 controls.Results.Mean (SD) MAdrid Sonographic Enthesis Index (MASEI) score was 26.3 (13), 12.2 (7), and 10.4 (6) in patients with SpA, athletes, and non-athlete control groups, respectively (p < 0.0001).Conclusion.The MASEI score was significantly higher in patients with SpA compared with healthy controls, athletes, and non-athletes, and can be of value to distinguish SpA from healthy subjects, whatever their physical activity.

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