Thiamine (Vitamin B1)

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviva Fattal-Valevski
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
B Vitamin

Thiamine (vitamin B1) was the first B vitamin to have been identified. It serves as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in energy metabolism. The thiamine-dependent enzymes are important for the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and for the production of reducing substances used in oxidant stress defenses, as well as for the synthesis of pentoses used as nucleic acid precursors. Thiamine plays a central role in cerebral metabolism. Its deficiency results in dry beriberi, a peripheral neuropathy, wet beriberi, a cardiomyopathy with edema and lactic acidosis, and Wernicke—Korsakoff syndrome, whose manifestations consist of nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia, and ataxia evolving into confusion, retrograde amnesia, cognitive impairment, and confabulation. Patients on a strict thiamine-deficient diet display a state of severe depletion within 18 days. The most common cause of thiamine deficiency in affluent countries is either alcoholism or malnutrition in nonalcoholic patients. Treatment by thiamine supplementation is beneficial for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

scholarly journals Thiamine deficiency - Beriberi – A forgotten disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 351-354
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Hassan ◽  
Hamidur Rahman ◽  
BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽  
Afsana Mukti ◽  
Hakimul Haque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Short Supply ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome

Thiamine (vitamin B1) was the first B vitamin which has been identified. It serves as a cofactor for several enzymes involved in energy metabolism. The thiamine-dependent enzymes are important for the biosynthesis of neurotransmitters and for the production of reducing substances used in oxidant stress defenses, as well as for the synthesis of pentose used as nucleic acid precursors. Thiamine also plays a central role in cerebral metabolism. There are 2 major manifestations of thiamine deficiency(TD): cardiovascular disease (wet beriberi) and nervous system disease (dry beriberi and Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome). In wet beriberi, cardiomyopathy with edema and lactic acidosis and in dry beriberi, peripheral neuropathy occurs. Manifestations of Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome, consist of nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia and ataxia evolving into confusion, retrograde amnesia, cognitive impairment and confabulation. Thiamine deficiency is now very rare in developed countries, but still common in South East Asia specially in developing countries like Bangladesh. It is an important public health problem with potentially fatal consequences. Now a days highly polished rice (Minicut rice) is a popular staple food and other primary dietary sources of thiamine are in short supply. In wet beriberi myocardial disease is prominent which causes a high cardiac output with peripheral vasodilation and warm extremities. Before heart failure, tachycardia, a wide pulse pressure, sweating, warm skin and lactic acidosis develop leading to salt and water retention by the kidneys. The resulting fluid overload leads to edema of the dependent extremities. If it is left untreated the severity of potential outcome will be increased even up to death. Therefore, makes it essential for physician, cardiologists and Paediatrician to have an understanding of this condition and its optimal treatment. Patients on a strict thiamine-deficient diet display a state of severe depletion within 18 days. The most common cause of thiamine deficiency in affluent countries is either alcoholism or malnutrition in nonalcoholic patients especially in children. Treatment by thiamine supplementation is beneficial for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.10(1) Jul 2018: 351-354

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF VITAMIN B-COMPLEX OF EEL FISH (ANGUILLA MARMORATA (Q.) GAIMARD) ON ELVER PHASE ORIGIN LAKE POSO

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Fenti Fenti ◽  
Agustinus Widodo ◽  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Complex Organic

Background & Objective: Vitamins are complex organic substances that are needed by the body in small amounts, usually cannot be synthesized by the body but are important in metabolic processes one of which is vitamin B. Vitamin B consists of vitamins B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12. Eel is one of the fish that has a high nutrient content, one of which is vitamin B. This study aims to determine the levels of vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 and B12) in Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso. Material and Methods: Determination of vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6 and B9 using HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography), and vitamin B12 using LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry) . Results: The levels of vitamin B2, B3 and B12is 0.133 mg/100g, 1.895 mg/100g, and 0.017mg/100g, whereas in vitamin B1, B6 and B9 is not detected. Conclusion: Eel fish (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) on Elver phase from Lake Poso can be used as a source of vitamins B2, B3 and B12.

scholarly journals Eukaryotic and prokaryotic contributions to colonic hydrogen sulfide synthesis

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (1) ◽  
pp. G188-G193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle L. Flannigan ◽  
Kathy D. McCoy ◽  
John L. Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Eukaryotic Cells ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Germ Free ◽  
Colonic Bacteria ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
B Vitamin

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is an important modulator of many aspects of digestive function, both in health and disease. Colonic tissue H2S synthesis increases markedly during injury and inflammation and appears to contribute to resolution. Some of the bacteria residing in the colon can also produce H2S. The extent to which bacterial H2S synthesis contributes to what is measured as colonic H2S synthesis is not clear. Using conventional and germ-free mice, we have delineated the eukaryotic vs. prokaryotic contributions to colonic H2S synthesis, both in healthy and colitic mice. Colonic tissue H2S production is entirely dependent on the presence of the cofactor pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (vitamin B6), while bacterial H2S synthesis appears to occur independent of this cofactor. As expected, approximately one-half of the H2S produced by feces is derived from eukaryotic cells. While colonic H2S synthesis is markedly increased when the tissue is inflamed, and, in proportion to the extent of inflammation, fecal H2S synthesis does not change and tissue granulocytes do not appear to be the source of the elevated H2S production. Rats fed a B vitamin-deficient diet for 6 wk exhibited significantly diminished colonic H2S synthesis, but fecal H2S synthesis was not different from that of rats on the control diet. Our results demonstrate that H2S production by colonic bacteria does not contribute significantly to what is measured as colonic tissue H2S production, using the acetate trapping assay system employed in this study.

scholarly journals Dietary intakes and biomarker patterns of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 can be associated with cognitive impairment by hypermethylation of redox-related genes NUDT15 and TXNRD1

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu An ◽  
Lingli Feng ◽  
Xiaona Zhang ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
Yushan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
Oxidative Biomarkers

Abstract Background B vitamins in the one-carbon metabolism pathway (folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12) have been implicated in DNA methylation, and their deficiency may contribute to cognitive decline through increased homocysteine (Hcy) levels and subsequent oxidative damage. The aim of this study was to investigate whether B vitamin deficiency and increased Hcy could interact with DNA methylation of oxidative-related genes and exacerbate cognitive impairment. Methods Participants were selected from a large cohort study entitled the Effects and Mechanism Investigation of Cholesterol and Oxysterol on Alzheimer’s disease (EMCOA) study. We included 2533 participants who completed a selection of comprehensive cognitive tests and a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and were followed for an average of 2.3 years. The longitudinal effects of B vitamin intake on cognitive decline were examined using linear mixed-effect models. Seven mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients, in the predementia stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and fivev healthy controls were selected for the discovery of genome-wide differentially methylated CpG sites. Candidate oxidative stress-related genes significantly correlated with serum levels of B vitamins were selected for validation in 102 MCI patients and 68 controls. The correlations between DNA methylation levels and serum concentrations of B vitamins and oxidative biomarkers were analyzed with Spearman’s correlation. The interactive effects of DNA methylation and B vitamins on cognitive performance were further evaluated by multiple linear regression. Results In the prospective analysis, inadequate dietary intake of vitamin B12 was significantly associated with accelerated cognitive decline, whereas adequate folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intakes were significantly associated with better cognitive reserve. In the case-control analysis, the DNA methylation levels of NUDT15 and TXNRD1 were examined, and significantly hypermethylated sites were identified in MCI patients. Significant correlations of hypermethylated sites with serum levels of folate, homocysteine (Hcy), and oxidative biomarkers were observed, and interactive effects of B vitamins and hypermethylated sites were significantly associated with cognitive performance. Conclusion Adequate dietary folate at baseline predicted a better cognitive reserve, while decreased serum levels of B vitamins may contribute to cognitive impairment by affecting methylation levels of specific redox-related genes. Trial registration EMCOA, ChiCTR-OOC-17011882, Registered 5th, July 2017-Retrospectively registered, http://www.medresman.org/uc/project/projectedit.aspx?proj=2610 Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals Prevention and treatment of cognitive impairment from the standpoint of effectiveness and safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
M.M. Seliuk ◽  
M.M. Kozachok ◽  
O.V. Seliuk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Attention And Memory ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Timely Initiation ◽  
Common Cause

Cardiovascular diseases rank first among non-infectious diseases in Ukraine. One of the threatening conditions is cerebrovascular complications. According to official statistics, cerebrovascular diseases are the second most common cause of death in Ukraine. The most common cause of cerebral vascular lesions is arterial hypertension. Impaired cerebral circulation is a result of high blood pressure and the progression of atherosclerosis. The Framingham Study found that increased blood pressure was associated with poorer cognitive performance such as attention and memory. Cognitive impairment in older people is one of the most pressing problems of modern medicine. Severe cognitive impairment, primarily vascular dementia, leads to complete or partial loss of self-management and independence of the patient, causing professional, social and domestic maladjustment. Early detection of cognitive imbalance and timely initiation of therapy is the key to effective patient care. Given the multifactorial mechanism of disorders leading to cognitive impairment, it is worth choosing drugs that have dual mechanisms of action. Cavinton is such an agent. It improves the blood supply to the brain (vasoactive effect and a positive influence on the rheological properties of the blood) and stimulates cerebral metabolism. Clinical studies and many years of experience in the use of Cavinton have confirmed its high efficacy and safety in the treatment of cognitive disorders. The most significant clinical effects were found with early administration of Cavinton. Thus, it is advisable to prescribe Cavinton to patients immediately, when the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases is detected, in order to prevent the development of cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Analisis Kandungan Vitamin B Pada Ikan Sidat (Anguilla Marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) Fase Elver Asal Danau Poso

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Fenti Fenti ◽  
Agustinus Widodo ◽  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Vitamin B3 ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata ◽  
B Vitamin

Latar Belakang & Tujuan : Vitamin merupakan zat-zat organik kompleks yang diperlukan tubuh dalam jumlah yang kecil, umumnya tidak dapat disintetis oleh tubuh tetapi penting dalam proses metabolik salah satunya adalah vitamin B. Vitamin B terdiri dari vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, B9 danB12. Sidat merupakan salah satu ikan yang memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi salah satunya vitamin B. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan kadar vitamin B (B1, B2, B3, B6, B9, B12) pada ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) fase elver asal danau Poso . Bahan dan Metode : Penentuan kadar vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, dan B9 menggunakan metode KCKT (Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi), dan pada vitamin B12 menggunakan metode LC-MS (Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry). Hasil : Vitamin B2 dengan kadar 0,133 mg/100g, vitamin B3 dengan kadar 1,895 mg/100g, dan vitamin B12 dengan kadar 0,017mg/100g sedangkan pada vitamin B1, B6, dan B9 tidak terdeteksi adanya kadar. Kesimpulan : Ikan sidat (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard) fase elver asal danau Poso dapat dijadikan sumber vitamin B2, B3, dan B12.

Effects of cobalt deficiency in the pregnant ewe on neonatal lamb survival

1992 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 169-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. J. Fisher ◽  
A. MacPherson
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Methylmalonic Acid ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Cobalt Deficiency ◽  
Acid Status ◽  
Pregnant Ewe ◽  
Skimmed Milk Powder

It has been suggested (Mills, 1981) that there was a lack of research on the effects of cobalt (Co) deficiency on the reproductive performance of sheep. Duncan, Morrison and Garton (1981) reported that clinically Co-deficient ewes produced fewer lambs with a higher incidence of stillbirths and neonatal mortalities than Co-sufficient animals. Garton, Duncan and Fell (1981) related these findings to the vitamin B12 and methylmalonic acid status of dams. However, their investigations used few animals and were therefore inconclusive. The objectives of this work were to investigate the effects of subclinical Co deficiency in pregnant hill sheep on reproductive performance and neonatal lamb viability.Experiment 1 (1985/86) comprised 60 Scottish Blackface × Swaledale ewes, while experiment 2 (1986/87) included 30 of these animals plus 30 pure Scottish Blackface sheep. In both experiments the ewes were housed and bedded on sawdust and a Co-deficient diet of timothy hay, micronized maize, maize gluten, dibasic calcium phosphate and sodium chloride was offered. Skimmed milk powder was introduced to the diet during lactation. The Co content of the diet was 0.06 mg Co per kg dry matter.

Clinical features, pathogenesis and treatment of long-haul COVID‑19 impact on nervous system

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-22
Author(s):  
A. N. Barinov ◽  
L. S. Moshkhoeva ◽  
E. V. Parkhomenko ◽  
E. V. Emikh ◽  
I. P. Yastrebtseva
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Difficulty Breathing ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
Ethylmethylhydroxypyridine Succinate

The current outbreak of coronavirus SARS-CoV‑2 (COVID-19) has raised great concern worldwide, but its impact on nervous system still needs more investigation. Thirty per cent of symptomatic patients with COVID‑19 will have symptoms that last longer than the typical two weeks, 10 % have symptoms longer than 3 months and this is called ‘long-COVID’. These symptoms affect not only people with severe disease, but also those with milder cases. Many long-haulers experience the same symptoms they had during their initial fight with COVID‑19, such as fatigue, cognitive impairment (or brain fog), difficulty breathing, headache, depression, insomnia and loss of the sense of taste and\or smell. Treatment of those complications with citicoline, ethylmethylhydroxypyridine succinate and vitamin B improves these symptoms in patients but most of them also need cognitive therapy for dehypochondrisation.

EXCRETION OF 4(5)-AMINO-5(4)-IMIDAZOLECARBOXAMIDE AND FORMIMINO-L-GLUTAMIC ACID IN FOLIC ACID AND VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENT RATS

1965 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1367-1374 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. McGeer ◽  
N. P. Sen ◽  
D. A. Grant
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Urocanic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Intraperitoneal Dose ◽  
Group A ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Deficient Group

The excretion of 4(5)-amino-5(4)-imidazolecarboxamide (AIC) in the urines of normal rats, rats raised on a folic acid deficient diet, and rats raised on a vitamin B12 deficient diet was measured. The AIC excretion was elevated 3-fold above normal in the B12 deficient group and 1.5-fold above normal in the folic acid deficient group.No evidence could be found that the raised AIC excretion was associated with a block in the conversion of AIC to purines. The recovery of radioactive AIC in the urine after an intraperitoneal dose of 2 μmoles AIC per kg was not increased over normal in any of the deficient groups, and was significantly less than normal in the B12-deficient group. Most of the urinary radioactivity in all groups was in allantoin, uric acid, and purines.When a load of 220 μmoles of AIC per kg was administered there was no difference between the vitamin B12 deficient and the normal groups in AIC recovery in the urine. When a load of 220 μmoles of urocanic acid per kg was administered, however, the B12-deficient group had an 18-fold increase over normal in Figlu excretion, and the folic acid deficient group a 17-fold increase. Thus, a substantial block in formimino-L-glutamic acid (Figlu) metabolism, but not in AIC metabolism, existed in the vitamin-deficient groups.Feeding a B12-deficient group a 2% methionine supplement reduced the Figlu excretion after a urocanic acid load to less than half that observed in B12-deficient groups without methionine supplementation, but had no influence on the AIC excretion.

scholarly journals Role of pyridoxal phosphate in mammalian polyamine biosynthesis. Lack of requirement for mammalian S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity

1977 ◽  
Vol 166 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
A E Pegg
Keyword(s):  
Ornithine Decarboxylase ◽  
Pyridoxal Phosphate ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Decarboxylase Activity ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Adenosylmethionine Decarboxylase ◽  
Ornithine Decarboxylase Activity

1. Polyamine concentrations were decreased in rats fed on a diet deficient in vitamin B-6. 2. Ornithine decarboxylase activity was decreased by vitamin B-6 deficiency when assayed in tissue extracts without addition of pyridoxal phosphate, but was greater than in control extracts when pyridoxal phosphate was present in saturating amounts. 3. In contrast, the activity of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase was not enhanced by pyridoxal phosphate addition even when dialysed extracts were prepared from tissues of young rats suckled by mothers fed on the vitamin B-6-deficient diet. 4. S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activities were increased by administration of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) (1,1′-[(methylethanediylidine)dinitrilo]diguanidine) to similar extents in both control and vitamin B-6-deficient animals. 5. The spectrum of highly purified liver S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase did not indicate the presence of pyridoxal phosphate. After inactivation of the enzyme by reaction with NaB3H4, radioactivity was incorporated into the enzyme, but was not present as a reduced derivative of pyridoxal phosphate. 6. It is concluded that the decreased concentrations of polyamines in rats fed on a diet containing vitamin B-6 may be due to decreased activity or ornithine decarboxylase or may be caused by an unknown mechanism responding to growth retardation produced by the vitamin deficiency. In either case, measurements of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and ornithine decarboxylase activity under optimum conditions in vitro do not correlate with the polyamine concentrations in vivo.

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