Prevalence and Incidence of Statin Use and 3-Year Adherence and Discontinuation Rates Among Older Adults With Dementia

Objective: To examine the patterns of statin use and determine the 3-year adherence and discontinuation rates among a cohort of Australians aged ≥65 years with dementia. Methods: The yearly prevalence and incidence of statin use were compared via Poisson regression modeling using 2007 as the reference year. People with dementia were identified according to dispensing of antidementia medications. A cohort of 589 new statin users was followed longitudinally. Adherence was estimated via the proportion of days covered (PDC). Discontinuation was defined as ≥90 days without statin coverage. Results: The annual prevalence of statin use among older Australians with dementia increased from 20.6% in 2007 to 31.7% in 2016 (aged-sex adjusted rate ratio: 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-1.69). Among the new users, the proportion adherent (PDC ≥ 0.80) decreased from 60.3% at 6 months to 31.0% at 3 years. During the 3-year follow-up, 58.7% discontinued their statin. Conclusions: Despite increased use of statins among older Australians with dementia, adherence is low and discontinuation is high, which may point to intentional cessation.

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Serologic Status and SARS CoV-2 Infection over 6-Months of Follow-Up in Healthcare Workers in Chicago: A Cohort Study

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2021.367 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

John T. Wilkins ◽

Lisa R. Hirschhorn ◽

Elizabeth L. Gray ◽

Amisha Wallia ◽

Mercedes Carnethon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Infection Rates ◽

Online Surveys ◽

Chicago Area ◽

Adjusted Rate ◽

Adjusted Rate Ratio ◽

Serology Testing

Abstract Objective: To determine the changes in SARS-CoV-2 serologic status and SARS-CoV-2 infection rates in healthcare workers (HCW) over 6-months of follow-up. Design: Prospective cohort study Setting and Participants: HCW in the Chicago area, USA Methods: Cohort participants were recruited in May/June 2020 for baseline serology testing (Abbott anti-Nucleocapsid IgG) and were then invited for follow-up serology testing 6 months later. Participants completed monthly online surveys which assessed demographics, medical history, COVID-19 illness, and exposures to SARS-CoV-2. The electronic medical record was used to identify SARS-CoV-2 PCR positivity during follow-up. Serologic conversion and SARS-CoV-2 infection or possible reinfection rates (cases per 10,000 person*days) by antibody status at baseline and follow-up were assessed. Results: 6510 HCW were followed for a total of 1,285,395 person*days (median follow-up, 216 days). For participants who had baseline and follow-up serology checked, 285 (6.1%) of the 4681 seronegative participants at baseline seroconverted to positive at follow-up; 138 (48%) of the 263 who were seropositive at baseline were seronegative at follow-up. When analyzed by baseline serostatus alone, 519 (8.4%) of 6194 baseline seronegative cohort participants had a positive PCR after baseline serology testing (rate = 4.25/10,000 person days). Of 316 participants who were seropositive at baseline, 8 (2.5%) met criteria for possible SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (PCR+ more than 90 days after baseline serology) during follow-up representing a rate of 1.27/10,000 days at risk. The adjusted rate ratio for possible reinfection in baseline seropositive compared to infection in baseline seronegative participants was 0.26, (95%CI: 0.13 – 0.53). Conclusions: Seropositivity in HCWs is associated with moderate protection from future SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Clinical outcomes of surgical embolectomy versus catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute limb ischemia: a nationwide cohort study

Journal of Thrombosis and Thrombolysis ◽

10.1007/s11239-021-02532-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Po-Kai Yang ◽

Chien-Chou Su ◽

Chih-Hsin Hsu

Keyword(s):

Rate Ratio ◽

Surgical Intervention ◽

Limb Ischemia ◽

Acute Limb Ischemia ◽

Antithrombotic Agent ◽

Catheter Directed Thrombolysis ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Surgical Embolectomy ◽

Adjusted Rate ◽

Adjusted Rate Ratio

AbstractIn Taiwan, the outcomes of acute limb ischemia have yet to be investigated in a standardized manner. In this study, we compared the safety, feasibility and outcomes of acute limb ischemia after surgical embolectomy or catheter-directed therapy in Taiwan. This study used data collected from the Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Database (NHID) and Cause of Death Data between the years 2000 and 2015. The rate ratio of all-cause in-hospital mortality and risk of amputation during the same period of hospital stay were estimated using Generalized linear models (GLM). There was no significant difference in mortality risk between CDT and surgical intervention (9.5% vs. 10.68%, adjusted rate ratio (95% CI): regression 1.0 [0.79–1.27], PS matching 0.92 [0.69–1.23]). The risk of amputation was also comparable between the two groups. (13.59% vs. 14.81%, adjusted rate ratio (95% CI): regression 0.84 [0.68–1.02], PS matching 0.92 [0.72–1.17]). Age (p < 0.001) and liver disease (p = 0.01) were associated with higher mortality risks. Heart failure (p = 0.03) and chronic or end-stage renal disease (p = 0.03) were associated with higher amputation risks. Prior antithrombotic agent use (p = 0.03) was associated with a reduced risk of amputation. Both surgical intervention and CDT are effective and feasible procedures for patients with ALI in Taiwan.

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Association between maternal and paternal mental illness and risk of injuries in children and adolescents: nationwide register based cohort study in Sweden

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m853 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m853 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Alicia Nevriana ◽

Matthias Pierce ◽

Christina Dalman ◽

Susanne Wicks ◽

Marie Hasselberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Parental Mental Illness ◽

Affective Psychosis ◽

Fall Injuries ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Adjusted Rate ◽

Adjusted Rate Ratio ◽

Parents With Mental Illness

Abstract Objective To determine the association between parental mental illness and the risk of injuries among offspring. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Swedish population based registers. Participants 1 542 000 children born in 1996-2011 linked to 893 334 mothers and 873 935 fathers. Exposures Maternal or paternal mental illness (non-affective psychosis, affective psychosis, alcohol or drug misuse, mood disorders, anxiety and stress related disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders) identified through linkage to inpatient or outpatient healthcare registers. Main outcome measures Risk of injuries (transport injury, fall, burn, drowning and suffocation, poisoning, violence) at ages 0-1, 2-5, 6-9, 10-12, and 13-17 years, comparing children of parents with mental illness and children of parents without mental illness, calculated as the rate difference and rate ratio adjusted for confounders. Results Children with parental mental illness contributed to 201 670.5 person years of follow-up, while children without parental mental illness contributed to 2 434 161.5 person years. Children of parents with mental illness had higher rates of injuries than children of parents without mental illness (for any injury at age 0-1, these children had an additional 2088 injuries per 100 000 person years; number of injuries for children with and without parental mental illness was 10 235 and 72 723, respectively). At age 0-1, the rate differences ranged from 18 additional transport injuries to 1716 additional fall injuries per 100 000 person years among children with parental mental illness compared with children without parental mental illness. A higher adjusted rate ratio for injuries was observed from birth through adolescence and the risk was highest during the first year of life (adjusted rate ratio at age 0-1 for the overall association between any parental mental illness that has been recorded in the registers and injuries 1.30, 95% confidence interval 1.26 to 1.33). Adjusted rate ratios at age 0-1 ranged from 1.28 (1.24 to 1.32) for fall injuries to 3.54 (2.28 to 5.48) for violence related injuries. Common and serious maternal and paternal mental illness was associated with increased risk of injuries in children, and estimates were slightly higher for common mental disorders. Conclusions Parental mental illness is associated with increased risk of injuries among offspring, particularly during the first years of the child’s life. Efforts to increase access to parental support for parents with mental illness, and to recognise and treat perinatal mental morbidity in parents in secondary care might prevent child injury.

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Risk of Cataracts among Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) Patients in the UK General Practice Research Database (GPRD).

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v110.11.3922.3922 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 110 (11) ◽

pp. 3922-3922

Author(s):

Maurille A. Feudjo-Tepie ◽

Susan A. Hall ◽

John W. Logie ◽

Noah J. Robinson ◽

Dimitri Bennett

Keyword(s):

Rate Ratio ◽

General Practice Research Database ◽

Oral Steroid ◽

Practice Research ◽

Research Database ◽

Steroid Use ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Oral Steroids ◽

Adjusted Rate ◽

Adjusted Rate Ratio

Abstract ITP is a disease caused by inadequate platelet production as well as increased platelet destruction. Oral systemic steroids are recommended as first-line treatment. Prolonged use of oral steroids in other disease populations has been associated with an approximately two-fold increase in the risk of developing a cataract. This study aimed to quantify the underlying risk of cataracts among ITP patients compared with non-ITP patients. Using the GPRD, a retrospective matched cohort study was conducted in which each ITP patient newly diagnosed between 1992 and 2005 and age 18 years or older was matched to 5 non-ITP patients on gender, age, practice and duration of follow-up. ITP patients and cataract events were identified using specific Read/Oxmis disease codes and validated by a clinical epidemiologist. The exposure of interest was oral steroid use and the primary outcome was cataracts (recorded as cataracts or cataract surgery). Patients with a history of cataracts were not excluded from the study. Potential covariates of interest were diabetes, schizophrenia, glaucoma, splenectomy and hypertension. The risk of cataracts was quantified using incidence rates and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and, the difference between groups was estimated using a rate ratio and 95% CI. All analyses were further stratified by age and gender. Adjusted rate ratios were estimated using the Cox proportional hazard model. Seven hundred sixty ITP patients were identified, 745 (98%) of whom had 5 matched controls. The entire sample had a mean age of 56.4 years and 60.1% were female. Among ITP patients, users of oral steroids had a cataract incidence rate of 14.0 per 1000 person-years (PY) (95% CI: 8.7 – 21.4) and non steroid users 6.1 per 1000 PY (95% CI: 2.7 – 11.4). In the non-ITP population, these figures were 16.9 per 1000 PY (95% CI: 11.9 – 23.3) and 9.2 per 1000 PY (95% CI: 7.6 – 11.0), respectively. The incidence of cataracts was observed to increase with age. Adjusting for steroid use and other factors, the risk of cataracts was similar in the ITP and non-ITP populations (adjusted rate ratio 0.8, 95% CI: 0.5 – 1.2) whereas, oral steroid use was associated with an increased risk of cataracts in both ITP and non ITP populations (adjusted rate ratio 1.6, 95% CI: 1.2 – 2.2). There was no evidence of increased risk with either inhaled steroids, or intranasal steroids. As expected, our study shows that the use of oral steroids is associated with an increased risk of cataracts in both ITP and non-ITP populations. However, we found no evidence of a difference in the risk of cataracts between an ITP and a matched non-ITP population.

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Association between palliative care and healthcare outcomes among adults with terminal non-cancer illness: population based matched cohort study

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.m2257 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. m2257 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kieran L Quinn ◽

Therese Stukel ◽

Nathan M Stall ◽

Anjie Huang ◽

Sarina Isenberg ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palliative Care ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Emergency Department Visits ◽

Crude Rate ◽

Adjusted Rate ◽

Dying At Home ◽

Adjusted Rate Ratio ◽

At Home

Abstract Objective To measure the associations between newly initiated palliative care in the last six months of life, healthcare use, and location of death in adults dying from non-cancer illness, and to compare these associations with those in adults who die from cancer at a population level. Design Population based matched cohort study. Setting Ontario, Canada between 2010 and 2015. Participants 113 540 adults dying from cancer and non-cancer illness who were given newly initiated physician delivered palliative care in the last six months of life administered across all healthcare settings. Linked health administrative data were used to directly match patients on cause of death, hospital frailty risk score, presence of metastatic cancer, residential location (according to 1 of 14 local health integration networks that organise all healthcare services in Ontario), and a propensity score to receive palliative care that was derived by using age and sex. Main outcome measures Rates of emergency department visits, admissions to hospital, and admissions to the intensive care unit, and odds of death at home versus in hospital after first palliative care visit, adjusted for patient characteristics (such as age, sex, and comorbidities). Results In patients dying from non-cancer illness related to chronic organ failure (such as heart failure, cirrhosis, and stroke), palliative care was associated with reduced rates of emergency department visits (crude rate 1.9 (standard deviation 6.2) v 2.9 (8.7) per person year; adjusted rate ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.85 to 0.91), admissions to hospital (crude rate 6.1 (standard deviation 10.2) v 8.7 (12.6) per person year; adjusted rate ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.91), and admissions to the intensive care unit (crude rate 1.4 (standard deviation 5.9) v 2.9 (8.7) per person year; adjusted rate ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.56 to 0.62) compared with those who did not receive palliative care. Additionally increased odds of dying at home or in a nursing home compared with dying in hospital were found in these patients (n=6936 (49.5%) v n=9526 (39.6%); adjusted odds ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.60 to 1.74). Overall, in patients dying from dementia, palliative care was associated with increased rates of emergency department visits (crude rate 1.2 (standard deviation 4.9) v 1.3 (5.5) per person year; adjusted rate ratio 1.06, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.12) and admissions to hospital (crude rate 3.6 (standard deviation 8.2) v 2.8 (7.8) per person year; adjusted rate ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.27 to 1.39), and reduced odds of dying at home or in a nursing home (n=6667 (72.1%) v n=13 384 (83.5%); adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95% confidence interval 0.64 to 0.73). However, these rates differed depending on whether patients dying with dementia lived in the community or in a nursing home. No association was found between healthcare use and palliative care for patients dying from dementia who lived in the community, and these patients had increased odds of dying at home. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential benefits of palliative care in some non-cancer illnesses. Increasing access to palliative care through sustained investment in physician training and current models of collaborative palliative care could improve end-of-life care, which might have important implications for health policy.

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Antiphospholipid patterns predict risk of thrombosis in systemic lupus erythematosus

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keaa857 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Selcan Demir ◽

Jessica Li ◽

Laurence S Magder ◽

Michelle Petri

Keyword(s):

Lupus Erythematosus ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Interaction Model ◽

Significant Risk Factor ◽

Glycoprotein I ◽

Adjusted Rate ◽

Incident Cases ◽

The Relationship ◽

Adjusted Rate Ratio

Abstract Objective We evaluated which aPL combinations increase the risk of future thrombosis in patients with SLE. Methods This prospective cohort study consisted of SLE patients who had been tested for all seven aPL (LA, aCL isotypes IgM, IgG and IgA, and anti-β2-glycoprotein I isotypes IgM, IgG and IgA). Pooled logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between aPL and thrombosis. Results There were 821 SLE patients with a total of 75 048 person-months of follow-up. During the follow-up we observed 88 incident cases of thrombosis: 48 patients with arterial, 37 with venous and 3 with both arterial and venous thrombosis. In individual models, LA was the most predictive of any [age-adjusted rate ratio 3.56 (95% CI 2.01, 6.30), P < 0.0001], venous [4.89 (2.25, 10.64), P < 0.0001] and arterial [3.14 (1.41, 6.97), P = 0.005] thrombosis. Anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgA positivity was a significant risk factor for any [2.00 (1.22, 3.3), P = 0.0065] and venous [2.8 (1.42, 5.51), P = 0.0029] thrombosis. Only anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgA appeared to add significant risk to any [1.73 (1.04, 2.88), P = 0.0362] and venous [2.27 (1.13, 4.59), P = 0.0218] thrombosis among those with LA. We created an interaction model with four categories based on combinations of LA and other aPL to look at the relationships between combinations and the risk of thrombosis. In this model LA remained the best predictor of thrombosis. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that in SLE, LA remained the best predictor of thrombosis and adding additional aPL did not add to the risk, with the exception of anti-β2-glycoprotein I IgA.

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LO36: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in British Columbia: Ten years of increasing survival

CJEM ◽

10.1017/cem.2017.98 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (S1) ◽

pp. S40

Author(s):

B.E. Grunau ◽

W. Dick ◽

T. Kawano ◽

F.X. Scheuermeyer ◽

C. Fordyce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

British Columbia ◽

Cardiac Arrest ◽

Hospital Discharge ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Hospital Data ◽

Baseline Characteristics ◽

Adjusted Rate ◽

Hospital Cardiac Arrest ◽

Adjusted Rate Ratio

Introduction: Survival for victims of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is typically between 8 and 12%. We sought to report the trends in survival in British Columbia (BC) over a 10-year period. Methods: The BC Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium prospectively collected detailed prehospital and hospital data on consecutive non-traumatic OHCAs from 2006 to 2016 within BC’s four metropolitan areas. We included EMS-treated adult patients without DNR orders. To describe baseline characteristics we organized patient characteristics in three time periods: 2006-09, 2010-13, and 2014-16 (first and last periods reported below). The primary and secondary endpoints were survival at hospital discharge and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). We tested the significance of year-by-year trends in baseline characteristics, and performed multivariable Poisson regression, using calendar year as an independent variable, to calculate risk-adjusted rates for survival. Results: Between January 1, 2006 and March 31, 2016 there were a total of 26 433 non-traumatic OHCAs, with 15 145 included in this study. There were significant decreases in the proportion with initial shockable cardiac rhythms (28% to 23%) and bystander witnessed arrests (42% to 39%), however significant increases in the proportion with bystander CPR (40% to 49%) and ALS treatment (86% to 97%), and the median chest compression fraction (0.81 to 0.87). There was a significant increase in the median time until termination of resuscitation in those who did not achieve ROSC (27 to 32 minutes), and a significant decrease in the proportion of patients who were transported in absence of ROSC (17% to 6.5%). There was a significant improvement in achieving ROSC (44% to 48%; adjusted rate ratio per year 1.02, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.02) and survival at hospital discharge (10% to 14%; adjusted rate ratio per year 1.05, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.06). Both subgroups of initial shockable (adjusted rate ratio per year 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05) and non-shockable (adjusted rate ratio per year 1.08, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.12) cardiac rhythms demonstrated survival improvement. Conclusion: Despite a significant decrease in those with initial shockable rhythms, out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival in BC’s metropolitan regions increased by approximately 40% over a 10-year period. During this time there were system changes and quality of care improvements as provided by bystanders and professionals.

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High risk of cardiovascular diseases after diagnosis of multiple sclerosis

Multiple Sclerosis Journal ◽

10.1177/1352458513475833 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 1336-1340 ◽

Cited By ~ 61

Author(s):

Elham Jadidi ◽

Mohammad Mohammadi ◽

Tahereh Moradi

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Poisson Regression ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Incidence Rate Ratio ◽

Matched Control ◽

Country Of Birth ◽

Nationwide Study

Background: Studies of the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have the potential to improve our understanding of the etiology of and the heterogeneity of prognosis and outcomes. Objectives: To investigate the risk of myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, heart failure (HF), and atrial fibrillation (AF) or Flutter in MS patients with different ethnicity, both female and male. Methods: Using Poisson regression, we performed a nationwide study in Sweden to investigate the association between the diagnosis of MS and the risk of MI, stroke, HF, or AF/Flutter in 8281 patients who were hospitalized due to MS from 1987 through 2009, plus 76,640 matched control individuals. We performed stratified analyses by sex, age at follow-up and country of birth. Results: Among MS patients, the incidence rate ratio for MI was 1.85 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59 to 2.15), for stroke was 1.71 (95% CI 1.46 to 2.00), for HF was 1.97 (95% CI 1.52 to 2.56) and for AF/Flutter was 0.63 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.87), as compared with individuals without MS. The increased risks were particularly prominent for women. These associations remained after stratification by sex, age and country of birth. Conclusion: We recommend careful surveillance and preventive CVDs measures among MS patients, particularly among the women.

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Comparison of cytology and human papillomavirus-based primary testing in cervical screening programs in the Nordic countries

Journal of Medical Screening ◽

10.1177/0969141321992404 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096914132199240

Author(s):

Veli-Matti Partanen ◽

Joakim Dillner ◽

Ameli Tropé ◽

Ágúst Ingi Ágústsson ◽

Maiju Pankakoski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Papillomavirus ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Positive Test ◽

Test Results ◽

Positive Test Result ◽

Screening Programs ◽

Primary Test ◽

Adjusted Rate ◽

Adjusted Rate Ratio ◽

Test Result

Objective To compare primary test positivity in cytology and human papillomavirus-based screening between different Nordic cervical cancer screening programs using harmonized register data. Methods This study utilized individual-level data available in national databases in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Cervical test data from each country were converted to standard format and aggregated by calculating the number of test episodes for every test result for each calendar year and one-year age group and test method. Test positivity was estimated as the proportion of positive test results of all primary test episodes with a valid test result for “any positive” and “clearly positive” results. Results The age-adjusted rate ratio for any positive test results in primary human papillomavirus-based screening compared to cytology was 1.66 (95% CI 1.64–1.68). The age-adjusted rate ratio for clearly positive test results was 1.02 (95% CI 1.00–1.05). A decreasing rate ratio by age was seen in both any positive and clearly positive test results. Test positivity increased over time in Iceland, Norway, and Sweden but slightly decreased in Finland. Conclusions The probability of any positive test result was higher in human papillomavirus testing than in primary cytology, even though the cross-sectional detection of a clearly positive test result was the same. Human papillomavirus testing can still lead to an improved longitudinal sensitivity through a larger number of follow-up tests and the opportunity to identify women with a persistent human papillomavirus infection. Further research on histologically verified precancerous lesions is needed in primary as well as repeat testing.

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Vitamin D Supplementation on Detailed Fall Characteristics

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2738 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 759-759

Author(s):

Amal Wanigatunga ◽

Alice Sternberg ◽

Amanda Blackford ◽

Yurun Cai ◽

Jennifer Schrack ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D3 ◽

Fall Risk ◽

Rate Ratio ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Trial Data ◽

Fall Rates ◽

To Receive

Abstract Evidence suggests Vitamin D supplementation may reduce fall risk in older adults, but effects on fall location and severity are less well described. We used STURDY trial data to examine whether Vitamin D supplementation reduces indoor, outdoor, “consequential” (falls resulting in injury or medical care), and repeat fall risk. Participants (77[SD=5.4] years; 44% women) were randomized to receive 200 (n=339) or 1000IU/day (n=349) of vitamin D3. Indoor, outdoor and consequential fall rates were similar between the ≥1000IU/day and 200IU/day groups (rate ratio [RR]:1.22, 95%CI:0.96-1.55; RR:0.85, 95%CI:0.65-1.10; and RR:1.16, 95%CI:0.93-1.45, respectively) during follow-up. The proportion of repeat fallers was similar between ≥1000IU/day versus 200IU/day groups over 3 months (7.8%[27/346] versus 6.5%[22/336], p=0.22), 6 months (18.8%(60/319) versus 16.2%(51/315), p=0.40), 12 months (29.9%(81/271) versus 31.2%(84/269), p=0.78) and 24 months (48.2%(66/137) versus 49.6%(66/133), p=0.90). In conclusion, Vitamin D supplementation ≥1000IU/day did not reduce indoor, outdoor, consequential or repeat fall risk.

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