Who Would Put Their Child Alone In An Autonomous Vehicle? Preliminary Look At Gender Differences

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somer Hand ◽  
Yi-Ching Lee
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Public Opinions ◽  
Parent Groups ◽  
Willingness To Use

While previous studies have examined public opinions of autonomous vehicles, there is a distinct gap in the literature concerning opinions of the use of AVs to transport children. This study examined participants’ concerns about and willingness to use AVs to transport children unaccompanied. Specifically, it focused on differences in attitudes between men and women and between parent versus non-parent groups. Significant results were found between these groups, with men and non-parents being more willing to use AVs to transport children unaccompanied. All groups demonstrated a significant hesitance toward such use, with only very small percentages indicating that they definitely would use AVs to transport children unaccompanied.

scholarly journals Shared Autonomous Vehicles Effect on Vehicle-Km Traveled and Average Trip Duration

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana T. Moreno ◽  
Andrzej Michalski ◽  
Carlos Llorca ◽  
Rolf Moeckel
Keyword(s):  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Travel Demand ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Trip Duration ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
The Impact

Intermediate modes of transport, such as shared vehicles or ride sharing, are starting to increase their market share at the expense of traditional modes of car, public transport, and taxi. In the advent of autonomous vehicles, single occupancy shared vehicles are expected to substitute at least in part private conventional vehicle trips. The objective of this paper is to estimate the impact of shared autonomous vehicles on average trip duration and vehicle-km traveled in a large metropolitan area. A stated preference online survey was designed to gather data on the willingness to use shared autonomous vehicles. Then, commute trips and home-based other trips were generated microscopically for a synthetic population in the greater Munich metropolitan area. Individuals who traveled by auto were selected to switch from a conventional vehicle to a shared autonomous vehicle subject to their willingness to use them. The effect of shared autonomous vehicles on urban mobility was assessed through traffic simulations in MATSim with a varying autonomous taxi fleet size. The results indicated that the total traveled distance increased by up to 8% after autonomous fleets were introduced. Current travel demand can still be satisfied with an acceptable waiting time when 10 conventional vehicles are replaced with 4 shared autonomous vehicles.

Autonomous Vehicles and Gender

Transfers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehren Helmut Pflugfelder
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Special Section ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Vehicle Design ◽  
Material Rhetoric ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Gender Divisions ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Autonomous Technology ◽  
Limited Usefulness

Several recent surveys report a gap between how men and women feel about autonomous vehicles. While such binaries may have limited usefulness, female respondents rank autonomous technology as less trustworthy and are less likely than men to report feeling safe in an autonomous car. This comment frames such results within the articles for this special section on autonomous vehicles, showing how reported gender divisions are resultant from discursive formations that frame user experience and individual performed experiences. These discursive-material dynamics generate persuasive configurations of power that thoughtful research and action in autonomous vehicle development could help mitigate. After summarizing survey diff erences, this comment off ers a brief commentary on how they might be addressed, focusing on material rhetoric and vehicle design.

scholarly journals Influence of Gender on the Advertising Responses of Young People for Products of Mobile Operators in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 04002
Author(s):  
Lyubomira Spasova ◽  
Tanya Taneva
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Information Processing ◽  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Market Segmentation ◽  
New Products ◽  
Negative Advertising ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Empirical Hypothesis ◽  
Willingness To Use

The use of gender as a marketing strategy for market segmentation requires consideration of gender differences in information processing. This would increase the effect of advertising campaigns by adapting them to the dynamically changing market. he presented empirical study was conducted after 300 men and women aged 18 to 25 years, users of functional mobile products. The aim of the study is to determine the extent to which gender determines positive and negative advertising responses, identifying subjective judgments. The results of the research are empirical confirmation of some basic hypotheses of the Selective model of information processing in advertising messages: objectivity in the processing of information by men and subjectivity in the processing of information by women; selectivity in the perception of the attributes of the product by men and integrity - by women and a stronger willingness to use new products by women than by men. The present study offers an empirical hypothesis that women form positive responses to a larger number of signals in advertising, while men form negative responses to a larger number of signals in advertising messages. Satisfaction is proving to be a very important factor in advertising responses for both sexes, as it is a stronger factor for women, and men’s frustration with a mobile product is stronger than for women.

Gender differences in airway obstruction in men and women with acromegaly: A longitudinal study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvère Störmann ◽  
Katharina Schilbach ◽  
Felix Amereller ◽  
Angstwurm Matthias W ◽  
Jochen Schopohl
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Men And Women

Empathy as moderator of gender differences in Chinese insurance agents' business ethical sensitivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1029-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Business Ethics ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Ethical Sensitivity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Insurance Agents ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Ethics Research ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

To expand the business ethics research field, and to increase society's understanding of Chinese insurance agents' business ethics, we investigated how gender differences are related to agents' business ethical sensitivity and whether or not these relationships are moderated by empathy. Through a regression analysis of the factors associated with the business ethical sensitivity of 417 Chinese insurance agents, we found that gender played an important role in affecting business ethical sensitivity, and empathy significantly affected business ethical sensitivity. Furthermore, empathy had a moderating effect on the relationship between gender and business ethical sensitivity. Both men and women with strong empathy scored high on business ethical sensitivity; however, men with strong empathy had higher levels of business ethical sensitivity than did women with little empathy. The findings add to the literature by providing insight into the mechanisms responsible for the benefits of empathy in increasing business ethical sensitivity.

Relasi Gender dalam Keragaman Qira'at

SUHUF ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-50
Author(s):  
Ali Fakhrudin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Many

Knowledge of  qirā’at  until now has only been regarded as under-standing the various methodologies used in reciting the Quran. There has been very little research into analyzing the implications of recitative differences in terms of their purpose, although the many versions of qira’at rightly give rise to differing exegesis. This paper seeks to examine the implication of Qur’anic recitation in those religious verses that concern gender relations. There are many religious verses that address gender differences but this paper only examines verses connected with the opposite sexes shaking hands and permission for women to work outside the home.  This second verse is mentioned because until now there has often been the viewpoint that women ought not work outside the home as long as men and women shake hands at the beginning and end of business matters. For that reason, this paper is very suitable for analysis as a reminder that very rarely is there a person who interprets the Qur’an from an angle of familiarity with various qira’at.

Vision-Based Navigation of Autonomous Vehicles in Roadway Environments with Unexpected Hazards

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (12) ◽  
pp. 494-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mhafuzul Islam ◽  
Mashrur Chowdhury ◽  
Hongda Li ◽  
Hongxin Hu
Keyword(s):  
Object Detection ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Semantic Segmentation ◽  
Steering Wheel ◽  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Driving System ◽  
Hazardous Object ◽  
Vision Based Navigation ◽  
Navigational System

Vision-based navigation of autonomous vehicles primarily depends on the deep neural network (DNN) based systems in which the controller obtains input from sensors/detectors, such as cameras, and produces a vehicle control output, such as a steering wheel angle to navigate the vehicle safely in a roadway traffic environment. Typically, these DNN-based systems in the autonomous vehicle are trained through supervised learning; however, recent studies show that a trained DNN-based system can be compromised by perturbation or adverse inputs. Similarly, this perturbation can be introduced into the DNN-based systems of autonomous vehicles by unexpected roadway hazards, such as debris or roadblocks. In this study, we first introduce a hazardous roadway environment that can compromise the DNN-based navigational system of an autonomous vehicle, and produce an incorrect steering wheel angle, which could cause crashes resulting in fatality or injury. Then, we develop a DNN-based autonomous vehicle driving system using object detection and semantic segmentation to mitigate the adverse effect of this type of hazard, which helps the autonomous vehicle to navigate safely around such hazards. We find that our developed DNN-based autonomous vehicle driving system, including hazardous object detection and semantic segmentation, improves the navigational ability of an autonomous vehicle to avoid a potential hazard by 21% compared with the traditional DNN-based autonomous vehicle driving system.

The human-like trajectory planning for autonomous vehicles based on optimal control in a test track environment

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110090
Author(s):  
Xing Xu ◽  
Minglei Li ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Ju Xie ◽  
Xiaohan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Optimal Trajectory ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Trajectory Data ◽  
Test Track ◽  
Optimal Control Method ◽  
The Future ◽  
On The Road

A human-like trajectory could give a safe and comfortable feeling for the occupants in an autonomous vehicle especially in corners. The research of this paper focuses on planning a human-like trajectory along a section road on a test track using optimal control method that could reflect natural driving behaviour considering the sense of natural and comfortable for the passengers, which could improve the acceptability of driverless vehicles in the future. A mass point vehicle dynamic model is modelled in the curvilinear coordinate system, then an optimal trajectory is generated by using an optimal control method. The optimal control problem is formulated and then solved by using the Matlab tool GPOPS-II. Trials are carried out on a test track, and the tested data are collected and processed, then the trajectory data in different corners are obtained. Different TLCs calculations are derived and applied to different track sections. After that, the human driver’s trajectories and the optimal line are compared to see the correlation using TLC methods. The results show that the optimal trajectory shows a similar trend with human’s trajectories to some extent when driving through a corner although it is not so perfectly aligned with the tested trajectories, which could conform with people’s driving intuition and improve the occupants’ comfort when driving in a corner. This could improve the acceptability of AVs in the automotive market in the future. The driver tends to move to the outside of the lane gradually after passing the apex when driving in corners on the road with hard-lines on both sides.

scholarly journals Development of an Improved Rapidly Exploring Random Trees Algorithm for Static Obstacle Avoidance in Autonomous Vehicles

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2244
Author(s):  
S. M. Yang ◽  
Y. A. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Optimal Path ◽  
Random Trees ◽  
Average Deviation ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Path Smoothing ◽  
Rapidly Exploring Random Trees

Safe path planning for obstacle avoidance in autonomous vehicles has been developed. Based on the Rapidly Exploring Random Trees (RRT) algorithm, an improved algorithm integrating path pruning, smoothing, and optimization with geometric collision detection is shown to improve planning efficiency. Path pruning, a prerequisite to path smoothing, is performed to remove the redundant points generated by the random trees for a new path, without colliding with the obstacles. Path smoothing is performed to modify the path so that it becomes continuously differentiable with curvature implementable by the vehicle. Optimization is performed to select a “near”-optimal path of the shortest distance among the feasible paths for motion efficiency. In the experimental verification, both a pure pursuit steering controller and a proportional–integral speed controller are applied to keep an autonomous vehicle tracking the planned path predicted by the improved RRT algorithm. It is shown that the vehicle can successfully track the path efficiently and reach the destination safely, with an average tracking control deviation of 5.2% of the vehicle width. The path planning is also applied to lane changes, and the average deviation from the lane during and after lane changes remains within 8.3% of the vehicle width.

scholarly journals Are there mortality differences between men and women in all types of intracranial hemorrhages: subarachnoid, intraparenchymal and subdural? An analysis of the Spanish population

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Fernandez De Bobadilla Osorio ◽  
J.R Rey-Blas ◽  
N Gonzalez-Aguado ◽  
B Fuentes ◽  
P Masedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Intracranial Hemorrhage ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Spanish Population ◽  
Subdural Hemorrhage ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mediterranean Countries ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Objectives There are 3 types of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH): 1) subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), CIE10:I60; 2) intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH), I61 and 3) subdural hemorrhage (SDH) I62. Epidemiological data on this field are scarce in Mediterranean countries. Our goal was to determine whether the relationship of ICH mortality with gender and age was different for the 3 types of HIC. Methods Data were retrospectively obtained from the Spanish National Institute of Statistics. Deaths/100.000 population of SAH, IPH and SDH were assessed for the entire Spanish population since 2008 to 2017 (n=46,527,039). Year 2017 was the last available for analysis. Incidence was analyzed for men and women and for age strata (<1 years of age, 2–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, 61–70, 71–80; >80). Results In order to fit in the abstract space, only data of 2017 are presented, although years 2008 to 2017 were also analyzed and results were similar. Mortality/100,000 of IPH stayed very low under 40 years of age and then grew exponentially in both, men and women, and was significantly higher for men for all age strata. Mortality of SDH was much lower but behaved in a similar way: exponential growth since 40s and lower incidence in women. SAH behaved differently: it started to be significant since 20 years of age and there were no gender differences. Conclusion Mortality of intraparenchymal and subdural hemorrhage increases exponentially since 40 years of age and is lower in women. On the contrary, mortality of subarachnoid hemorrhage increases earlier and there are no gender differences. Death/100.000 intracranial hemorrhage Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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