scholarly journals Inflammatory Effects of Subacute Exposure of Roundup in Rat Liver and Adipose Tissue

Dose-Response ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932581984338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparamita Pandey ◽  
Prachi Dabhade ◽  
Anand Kumarasamy
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Glycogen Depletion ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase ◽  
Subacute Exposure

Roundup is a popular herbicide containing glyphosate as an active ingredient. The formulation of Roundup is speculated to have critical toxic effects, one among which is chronic inflammation. The present study analyzed adverse inflammatory effects in the liver and adipose tissue of rats after a subacute exposure of Roundup. Adult male rats were exposed to various doses of Roundup (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 250 mg/kg bodyweight [bw] glyphosate) orally, everyday for 14 days. On day 15, liver and adipose tissues from dosed rats were analyzed for inflammation markers. C-reactive protein in liver, cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and inflammatory response marker, and prostaglandin–endoperoxide synthase were upregulated in liver and adipose of rats exposed to higher (100 and 250 mg/kg bw/d) doses of Roundup. Cumulatively, our data suggest development of inflammation in lipid and hepatic organs upon exposure to Roundup. Furthermore, liver histological studies showed formation of vacuoles, fibroid tissue, and glycogen depletion in the groups treated with doses of higher Roundup. These observations suggest progression of fatty liver disease in Roundup-treated adult rats. In summary, our data suggest progression of multiorgan inflammation, liver scarring, and dysfunction post short-term exposure of Roundup in adult male rats.

scholarly journals Effects of treadmill with different intensities on bone quality and muscle properties in adult rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhehao Liu ◽  
Jiazi Gao ◽  
He Gong
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Nanoindentation Test ◽  
Adult Rats

Abstract Background Bone is a dynamically hierarchical material that can be divided into length scales of several orders of magnitude. Exercise can cause bone deformation, which in turn affects bone mass and structure. This study aimed to study the effects of treadmill running with different intensities on the long bone integrity and muscle biomechanical properties of adult male rats. Methods Forty-eight 5-month-old male SD rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: i.e., sedentary group (SED), exercise with speed of 12 m/min group (EX12), 16 m/min group (EX16), and 20 m/min group (EX20). The exercise was carried out for 30 min every day, 5 days a week for 4 weeks. The femurs were examined using three-point bending test, microcomputer tomography scanning and nanoindentation test; the soleus muscle was dissected for tensile test; ALP and TRACP concentrations were measured by serum analysis. Results The failure load was significantly increased by the EX12 group, whereas the elastic modulus was not significantly changed. The microstructure and mineral densities of the trabecular and cortical bone were significantly improved by the EX12 group. The mechanical properties of the soleus muscle were significantly increased by treadmill exercise. Bone formation showed significant increase by the EX12 group. Statistically higher nanomechanical properties of cortical bone were detected in the EX12 group. Conclusion The speed of 12 m/min resulted in significant changes in the microstructure and biomechanical properties of bone; besides, it significantly increased the ultimate load of the soleus muscle. The different intensities of treadmill running in this study provide an experimental basis for the selection of exercise intensity for adult male rats.

EFFECTS OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND LUTEINIZING HORMONE ON PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AND IN INTACT IMMATURE AND ADULT MALE RATS

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. EL SAFOURY ◽  
A. BARTKE
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plasma Testosterone ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) on plasma testosterone levels were examined in hypophysectomized and in intact immature and adult male rats. The animals were injected with saline, LH, FSH, or both gonadotrophins twice daily for 3·5 days and were killed 3 h after the last injection. Plasma testosterone levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. In immature hypophysectomized rats, plasma testosterone levels were not changed by treatment with LH, FSH or LH plus FSH. The weight of the testes and of the seminal vesicles was increased only in animals injected with both LH and FSH. In adult hypophysectomized rats, LH caused the expected increase in plasma testosterone levels, while FSH injected alone had no effect. Plasma testosterone levels in rats treated with 5 μg LH and 20 μg FSH were significantly greater than those in animals given 5 μg LH alone. However, the same dose of FSH did not potentiate the action of 25 μg LH on plasma testosterone levels. In adult hypophysectomized rats the weight of testes was not affected by any of the treatments. The weight of the seminal vesicles was increased by the higher dose of LH and addition of FSH caused no further increase. In intact immature and adult rats plasma testosterone levels and the weight of testes were not changed by any of the treatments. Seminal vesicle weight was increased only in adult rats treated with the higher dose of LH together with FSH. The results demonstrate that FSH potentiates the action of low doses of LH on plasma testosterone levels in adult hypophysectomized rats and suggest that FSH may be involved in the regulation of androgen secretion by the rat testis.

Urethral plug-a new secondary male sex characteristic in rat and other rodents

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Kunstýř ◽  
Werner Küpper ◽  
Herwig Weisser ◽  
Susanne Naumann ◽  
Claus Messow
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Vaginal Plug ◽  
Male Sex ◽  
Proximal Urethra

The plug is an eosinophilic mass, partly homogenous and partly porous, filling the proximal urethra in rats and occasionally extending into the bladder. Its average weight in 131 adult rats was 0·063 g. These plugs are normally present in the urethra of adult male rats, and this seems to be the case for all laboratory Muridae and Cavidae. The absence of a plug in an adult male may be a sign of abnormality associated with failing health. There is an interesting similarity between the amino acid composition of the content of seminal vesicles, that of the urethral plug, and that of the copulatory vaginal plug in female rodents.

scholarly journals Gender Differences in the Effect of Prenatal Methamphetamine Exposure and Challenge Dose of Other Drugs on Behavior of Adult Rats

2013 ◽  
pp. S99-S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. ŠLAMBEROVÁ ◽  
E. MACÚCHOVÁ ◽  
K. NOHEJLOVÁ-DEYKUN ◽  
B. SCHUTOVÁ ◽  
L. HRUBÁ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Prenatally Exposed ◽  
Challenge Dose ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The aim of the present study was to compare the response to acute application of several drugs in adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to methamphetamine (MA). Spontaneous locomotor activity and exploratory behavior of adult male and female rats prenatally exposed to MA (5 mg/kg) or saline were tested in a Laboras apparatus (Metris B.V., Netherlands) for 1 h. Challenge dose of the examined drug [amphetamine – 5 mg/kg; cocaine – 5mg/kg; MDMA (3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) – 5 mg/kg; morphine – 5 mg/kg; THC (delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol) – 2 mg/kg] or saline was injected prior to testing. Our data demonstrate that prenatal MA exposure did not affect behavior in male rats with cocaine or morphine treatment, but increased locomotion and exploration in females. Application of amphetamine and MDMA in adulthood increased activity in both sexes, while cocaine and THC only in female rats. Morphine, on the other hand, decreased the activity in the Laboras test in both sexes. As far as sex and estrous cycle is concerned, the present study shows that males were generally less active than females and also females in proestrus-estrus phase of the estrous cycle were more active than females in diestrus. In conclusion, the present study shows that the prenatal MA exposure does not induce general sensitization but affects the sensitivity to drugs dependently to mechanism of drug action and with respect to gonadal hormones.

Comparisons of the Effects of Anesthesia and Stress on Release of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Leptin, and Nitric Oxide in Adult Male Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 226 (4) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio A. Mastronardi ◽  
Wen H. Yu ◽  
Samuel M. McCann
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulates massive release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) together with nitric oxide (NO) and a lessor release of leptin. We hypothesized that other types of stress such as that of surgery might also release these cytokines and NO. Adult male rats were anesthetized with ketamine/acepromazine/xylazine anesthesia (90 + 2 + 6 mg/ml, respectively) and an external jugular catheter was inserted for removal of blood samples (0.6 ml) at various times postoperatively. Plasma TNF-α was almost undetectable in decapitated rats and was near zero immediately following the placement of the jugular catheter (time zero [to]). As the rats awakened from anesthesia, there was a rise in TNF-α at 30 min that peaked at 2 hr with a 400-fold increase and then precipitously declined 40-fold to a level still greater than zero at 3 hr. At 6 hr on the following morning, TNF-α values were near zero, but following connection of tubing and withdrawal of the initial blood sample, there was a 100-fold increase 1 hr later, followed by a decline over the next 3 hr. In contrast, plasma [NO3/NO2] from decapitated rats was 117 μM. Values at t0 were decreased and plummeted 4-fold within 30 min, then rose slightly in the ensuing 3 hr. At 6 hr on the next day [NO3/NO2] values were lower than at t0 and declined gradually during the next 4 hr. Leptin gradually declined from pre-operative concentrations, reaching a minimum at 3 hr and its concentration was unaffected by the bleeding stress of the second day. We conclude that release of TNF-α, [NO3/NO2], and leptin are neurally controlled since plasma levels of all three declined as a result of anesthesia. TNF-α secretion was remarkably stress responsive, whereas NO release appeared to be suppressed by the combined operative and bleeding stress, and leptin was stress unresponsive.

Nutrient-Adjusted High-Fat Diet is Associated with Absence of Periepididymal Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Is there a Link with Adequate Micronutrient Levels?

2013 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Yamada ◽  
Marina Maintinguer Norde ◽  
Maria C. Borges ◽  
Tatiane Mieko de Meneses Fujii ◽  
Patrícia Silva Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Tnf Α

The aim of this study was to investigate the real impact of dietary lipids on metabolic and inflammatory response in rat white adipose tissue. Male healthy Wistar rats were fed ad libitum with a control diet (CON, n=12) or with an adjusted high-fat diet (HFD, n=12) for 12 weeks. Oral glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed during the last week of the protocol. Plasma fatty acid, lipid profile, body adiposity, and carcass chemical composition were analyzed. Plasma concentration of leptin, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), TNF-α, IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) was measured. Periepididymal adipose tissue was employed to evaluate TNF-α, MCP-1, and adiponectin gene expression as well as NF-κB pathway and AKT proteins. Isocaloric intake of the adjusted HFD did not induce hyperphagia, but promoted an increase in periepididymal (HFD = 2.94 ± 0.77 vs. CON = 1.99 ± 0.26 g/100 g body weight, p = 0.01) and retroperitoneal adiposity (HFD = 3.11 ± 0.81 vs. CON = 2.08 ± 0.39 g/100 g body weight, p = 0.01) and total body lipid content (HFD = 105.3 ± 20.8 vs. CON = 80.5 ± 7.6 g carcass, p = 0.03). Compared with control rats, HFD rats developed glucose intolerance (p=0.01), dyslipidemia (p = 0.02) and exhibited higher C-reactive protein levels in response to the HFD (HFD = 1002 ± 168 vs. CON = 611 ± 260 ng/mL, p = 0.01). The adjusted HFD did not affect adipokine gene expression or proteins involved in inflammatory signaling, but decreased AKT phosphorylation after insulin stimulation in periepididymal adipose tissue (p = 0.01). In this study, nutrient-adjusted HFD did not induce periepididymal adipose tissue inflammation in rats, suggesting that the composition of HFD differently modulates inflammation in rats, and adequate micronutrient levels may also influence inflammatory pathways.

Voluntary oral dosing for precise experimental compound delivery in adult rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722110169
Author(s):  
Kyle C Chesler ◽  
Cara T Motz ◽  
Katie L Bales ◽  
Rachael A Allen ◽  
Harrison K Vo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Drug Dosing ◽  
Oral Dosing ◽  
Drug Studies ◽  
Delivery Efficiency

Preclinical drug studies routinely administer experimental compounds to animal models with the goal of minimizing potential adverse events from the procedure. In this study, we assessed the ability to train adult male Long Evans rats to accept daily voluntarily syringe feedings of l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) compared to intraperitoneal (IP) injections. Rats were trained to become familiar with the syringe and then fed a training solution that did not contain the experimental compound. If the rat was compliant during the training phase, the dilution of training solution was continuously decreased and replaced with the experimental solution. Voluntary oral dosing compliance was recorded and quantified throughout the study. To assess drug activity within the drug-targeted tissues, the striatum and retina were collected and analyzed for L-DOPA, dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) levels by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Drug delivery efficiency by oral dosing was directly compared to IP injection by collecting plasma and analyzing L-DOPA levels with HPLC. Adult male rats had high compliance for voluntary oral dosing. HPLC showed that oral administration of the compound at the same dose as IP injection yielded significantly lower plasma levels, and that higher oral L-DOPA doses yield higher plasma L-DOPA content. This study describes detailed methodology to train adult rats to syringe feed experimental compounds and provides important preclinical research on drug dosing and drug delivery to the striatum and retina.

Reproductive toxicity and tissue concentrations of 3,3',4,4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (PCB 77) in male adult rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Faqi ◽  
P R Dalsenter ◽  
W Mathar ◽  
B Heinrich-Hirsch ◽  
I Chahoud
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Investigation Period

1 The aim of this study was to ascertain the reproductive effects of PCB 77 on adult male rats and to determine its concentration in the liver and testis. Adult male rats (n=15/group) were treated subcutaneously with a singledoseof18 mg/kgbw(PC18)orwith60 mg/kg bw (PC60). The substance was dissolved in a 10 ml volume of peanut oil/kg. Control rats received the same volume of the vehicle. The reproductive effects as well as the concentration of PCB 77 in the liver and testis were investigated 1, 4 and 8 weeks after treatment. 2 In both groups, the daily sperm production (DSP; 6106) remained permanently reduced in the PC18 as well as in the PC60 groups throughout the entire investigation period (DSP week 8: control: 31+7; PC18: 22+5; PC60: 20+7). The sperm number (6106) per cauda epididymis was affected only at the 1st and 4th week after treatment (control week 1: 211+67; PC18 week 1: 135+62; PC60 week 1: 142+49). Moreover, a significant increase in the percentage of abnormal sperm was observed 4 weeks following treatment in the PC18 and PC60 groups and 8 weeks after treatment in the PC60 group. Abnormal tails were the most frequent changes observed. 3 The relative testicular and prostata weights (g) were slightly increased in the PC60 group at the 1st and 4th week following treatment (testis weight: control/I: 0.46+0.02; PC60/I: 0.51+0.03). 4 The serum testosterone concentrations and effects on testis morphology were not reported. 5 The maximum concentration of PCB 77 was detected in the liver and testis 1 week after treatment. The concentration declined 4 weeks after treatment in both organs, but still a significant amount of PCB 77 was detectable in the liver as well as in the testis 8 weeks after treatment. 6 The results demonstrate that PCB 77 affects sperm variables when applied to adult rats and that the elimination of PCB 77 in the testis parallels that of the liver.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Impact of Subacute Exposure of Smokeless Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke on Rat Testis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonah Sydney Aprioku ◽  
Theresa Chioma Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Prepubertal Rats ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Subacute Exposure

This study investigated the effects of 30-day exposure to tobacco smoke (TS), smokeless tobacco (ST), and nicotine on reproductive parameters and oxidative biomarkers in prepubertal and adult male rats. Sperm motility was reduced by 77.5 and 89.0% in TS and ST exposed prepubertal rats and 71.1 and 86.4% in adult rats, respectively. Sperm count was also reduced by 64.7 and 89.9% in prepubertal rats and 64.9 and 47.0% in adult rats, respectively. Nicotine decreased sperm motility (82.2%) and count (62.6%) in prepubertal rats but caused no effect in adult rats. There were no changes in sperm morphology; testosterone was decreased, while LH and FSH were increased in exposed rats, when compared with control. Malondialdehyde levels in testes of exposed rats were increased, and GSH, SOD, and catalase were altered. Results indicate that subacute exposure of tobacco products alters sperm characteristics in a rank order of ST > TS > nicotine, which may be linked to increase in oxidative stress in the testis.

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