At What Dose Can Total Body and Whole Abdominal Irradiation Cause Lethal Intestinal Injury Among C57BL/6J Mice?

Purpose and Methods: To investigate the doses of total body (TBI) and whole abdominal irradiation (WAI) induced lethal intestinal injury, healthy C57BL/6 J mice were divided randomly into 7 groups: control group; 6, 7, and 8 Gy TBI groups; and 5, 10, and 15 Gy WAI groups. The survival length, general conditions, body weight, daily food and water intake of the mice and the histopathological changes of small intestine were observed. Results: Lethal injury among C57BL/6 J mice was caused by ≥6 Gy TBI and 15 Gy WAI. Their body weight and food intake decreased, the structure of their small intestinal villi was destroyed, and the number of surviving crypts per circumference of the jejunum decreased in ≥6 Gy TBI groups and 15 Gy WAI group. The mice in the 10 Gy WAI group significantly lost weight within 5 days but recovered slowly thereafter. They also had poor appetite and reversibly damaged intestinal mucosa. Conclusions: Nonlethal intestinal injury could be induced by 10 Gy WAI, whereas lethal intestinal injury could be triggered by ≥6 Gy TBI and >15 Gy WAI in mice. Our results provided a basis for establishing radiation-induced intestinal injury models with C57BL/6 J mice.

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The ameliorating effect of uncooked beans diet in CD-1 mice

Innovare Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijms.2019.v7i2.24184 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Aduema Nil Wadioni ◽

Abgai Johnson Awka ◽

Wariso Akunah Chris

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Water Intake ◽

Formalin Test ◽

Test Group ◽

Control Group ◽

Pain Sensation ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Body Weight Changes ◽

Daily Food ◽

Food And Water Intake

This study was therefore, designed to investigate the ameliorating effect of uncooked beans on pain sensation using three groups of Swiss white mice (control and test) weighing 20g-30g (n=10 each).The control group received normal rodent chow, while the test group received 15g of uncooked beans in 15g of rodent chow per day and serotonin precursor (5HTP) (0.2mg/15g w/w) diet. Water was given adlibitum while daily food and water intake, as well as body weight changes, were monitored during the 30-day study. The formalin tests were used to assess pain sensation. The results showed that in the formalin test, the frequencies and durations of paw licks and paw attention in both phases of the test was significantly lower (P< 0.05) compared to the control group. Therefore, consumption of uncooked Nigeran beans diet decreases pain sensation in mice.Â Â Â

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Effects of a 14-Day Hydration Intervention on Individuals with Habitually Low Fluid Intake

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000515375 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aaron R. Caldwell ◽

Megan E. Rosa-Caldwell ◽

Carson Keeter ◽

Evan C. Johnson ◽

François Péronnet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Total Body Water ◽

Fluid Intake ◽

Urine Volume ◽

Urine Osmolality ◽

Body Water ◽

Control Group ◽

Intervention Phase ◽

Total Body ◽

Experimental Group

Background: Debate continues over whether or not individuals with low total water intake (TWI) are in a chronic fluid deficit (i.e., low total body water) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref1">1</xref>]. When women with habitually low TWI (1.6 ± 0.5 L/day) increased their fluid intake (3.5 ± 0.1 L/day) for 4 days 24-h urine osmolality decreased, but there was no change in body weight, a proxy for total body water (TBW) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>]. In a small (n = 5) study of adult men, there were no observable changes in TBW, as measured by bioelectrical impedance, after increasing TWI for 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>]. However, body weight increased and salivary osmolality decreased indicating that the study may have been underpowered to detect changes in TBW. Further, no studies to date have measured changes in blood volume (BV) when TWI is increased. Objectives: Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify individuals with habitually low fluid intake and determine if increasing TWI, for 14 days, resulted in changes in TBW or BV. Methods: In order to identify individuals with low TWI, 889 healthy adults were screened. Participants with a self-reported TWI less than 1.8 L/day (men) or 1.2 L/day (women), and a 24-h urine osmolality greater than 800 mOsm were included in the intervention phase of the study. For the intervention phase, 15 participants were assigned to the experimental group and 8 participants were assigned to the control group. The intervention period lasted for 14 days and consisted of 2 visits to our laboratory: one before the intervention (baseline) and 14 days into the intervention (14-day follow-up). At these visits, BV was measured using a CO-rebreathe procedure and deuterium oxide (D2O) was administered to measure TBW. Urine samples were collected immediately prior, and 3–8 h after the D2O dose to allow for equilibration. Prior to each visit, participants collected 24-h urine to measure 24-h hydration status. After the baseline visit, the experimental group increased their TWI to 3.7 L for males and 2.7 L for females in order to meet the current Institute of Medicine recommendations for TWI. Results: Twenty-four-hour urine osmolality decreased (−438.7 ± 362.1 mOsm; p < 0.001) and urine volume increased (1,526 ± 869 mL; p < 0.001) in the experimental group from baseline, while there were no differences in osmolality (−74.7 ± 572 mOsm; p = 0.45), or urine volume (−32 ± 1,376 mL; p = 0.89) in the control group. However, there were no changes in BV (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>a) or changes in TBW (Fig. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">1</xref>b) in either group. Conclusions: Increasing fluid intake in individuals with habitually low TWI increases 24-h urine volume and decreases urine osmolality but does not result in changes in TBW or BV. These findings are in agreement with previous work indicating that TWI interventions lasting 3 days [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref2">2</xref>] to 4 weeks [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref3">3</xref>] do not result in changes in TBW. Current evidence would suggest that the benefits of increasing TWI are not related changes in TBW.

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Dietary fat and adiposity: a dose-response relationship in adult male rats fed isocalorically

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1995.268.4.e546 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 268 (4) ◽

pp. E546-E550 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

C. N. Boozer ◽

G. Schoenbach ◽

R. L. Atkinson

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Adult Male ◽

Dietary Fat ◽

Male Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Low Fat Diet ◽

Mesenteric Fat ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body

This study examined the effects of increasing levels of dietary fat fed isocalorically on body weight, body composition, and adipose distribution. Adult male rats were weight matched into four groups. One group that was fed a low-fat diet (12%) served as reference controls. The other three groups were fed diets of 24, 36, or 48% fat in amounts to equal the energy intake of the control group. After 6 wk, body weights of the four groups were not significantly different. Intrascapular brown fat did not differ between groups. Total body fat and adipose depot weights, however, increased in proportion to the level of fat in the diet. Total body fat and retroperitoneal and mesenteric depot weights of the 48% fat group were greater than controls (P < 0.05). Mesenteric fat in this group was also significantly increased over all other groups (P < 0.05). These results show that high-fat diets fed to adult animals cause increased body fat in the absence of significant changes in body weight and that mesenteric fat is increased disproportionately.

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EFFECT OF IMPLANTING ZERANOL ON GROWTH AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS OF AWASSI LAMBS AND GOAT KIDS RAISED UNDER COMMERCIAL CONDITION

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v51i5.1141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (5) ◽

pp. 1321-1328

Author(s):

KAK & et al

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Body Fat ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Control Group ◽

Testicular Weight ◽

Total Body Fat ◽

Total Body ◽

Average Body ◽

Average Body Weight ◽

Awassi Lambs

The current experiment was designed to investigate the effect of zeranol implantation on lambs and goats’ kids raised under commercial conditions. Ten male Awassi lambs (AL) (4-5 months old) with an average body weight of 33.7 ± 0.5 kg and 10 male black goat kids (GK) (3-4 months old) with an average body weight of 18.8 ± 0.7 kg were used in the experiment. The experiment was conducted in Berebuhar village close to Duhok city in May the 15th, 2019The animals from each group were randomly divided into two subgroups, the first group was the control group and the other group was implanted with 24 mg zeranol. The animals were grown for 43 days and then slaughtered. Growth rate, average daily gain and carcass characteristics were measured. Data were analysed as factorial 2 × 2. The results showed that implantation both animal groups with zeranol significantly reduced testicular weight by approximately 55 % and 71 % for goat kids and Awassi lambs respectively. Moreover, the results showed that zeranol implantation found to reduce total body fat from 892 to 816g in goat kids and from 3395 to 2856 g in Awassi lambs. It can be concluded that zeranol implantation has an effect on total body fat and fat tissue distribution.

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Advantage of Early Tangential Necrectomy in Extensive Pediatric Burns

Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery ◽

10.32391/ajtes.v3i2.47 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kenan Karavdić

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Hospital Stay ◽

Body Surface ◽

The Body ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Control Group ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Laboratory Values ◽

Pediatric Burns ◽

Total Body

Background: An extensive burn is one of the most serious injuries. The modern treatment of pediatric burns is a logical exercise in resuscitation, infection control, surgical wound care, nutrition and psychologic and physical rehabilitation. The conventional methods of local therapy, especially in extensive and deep burns, cannot prevent infection. The fact is that the necrotic burn tissue always gives rise to infection and must therefore be excised. Tangential excision is a diagnostic procedure as well as a surgical preparation of a recipient bed for skin graft. Clinical parameters of sixty extensively burned children have been evaluated, divided into two groups (surgically and non-surgically treated) and in four subgroups (under and over the 25% TBSA). The following criteria have been used to compare the results: pain, fever, body weight, duration of the hospital stay, wound infenction, laboratory values. Aim of research: The aim of our research was to demonstrate the efficacy of early tangential necrectomy in the treatment of extensive burns in children as well as in preventing the burn diseases. Material and methods: Clinical parameters of sixty extensively burned children have been evaluated, divided into two groups (surgically and non-surgically treated) and in four subgroups (under and over the 25% TBSA). The following criteria have been used to compare the results: pain, fever, body weight, duration of the hospital stay, wound infection, laboratory values. Results: The boys comprised 58.3% of the respondents and the girls were 41,7% of the respondents. The most common cause was the hot liquid of 73.3%, open flame 23.3% and the contact with hot metal 3.3%. The body temperature was significantly higher in control group compared to the examined group (p <0.001) significantly lower hematocrit values in the control group compared to the examined group (p = 0.002). The results show that hospitalization lasted considerably longer in patients in the control group than in the examined group (p = 0.003). The incidence of bacterial infection of the burns is significantly higher in control compared to the examined group of patients (p = 0.007). The most commonly isolated bacteria in the study group was Staphylococcus aureus (15/30 or 50% of all subjects). Acinetobacter spp. was isolated in 9 patients (30% of respondents). Serratia spp. And Enterococcus Foecalis were isolated in 6 patients (20%). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 3 patients (10%). Three patients (10%) did not isolate any bacteria during hospitalization Conclusions: The method of early tangential necrectomy of extensively burned children significantly reduce morbidity and mortality (it improves the general condition of the patient, improves clinical and laboratory parameters, reduces the possibility of infection of the wound, reduces the possibility of sepsis, reduces the length of hospitalization).The most optimal time to perform an early tangential necrectomy is the period between the 4th and the 6th day after the injury. In extensively burned children over 30% of the total body surface, an early tangential necrectomy should be performed on an area of about 20% of the total body surface as a prevention of blood loss due to necrectomy and autotransplantation. With extensively burned children over 40% of the total body surface, taking homotransplants from parents or close relatives reduces morbidity and mortality.

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Influence of Different Feeding Ratio of Pomegranate Peels Powder on Testicular Dimensions, Body Weight and Testosterone Concentration in Karadi Male Lambs

Al-Anbar Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.37940/ajvs.2019.12.2.3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Blood Serum ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Serum Testosterone ◽

Control Group ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Testosterone Concentration ◽

Scrotal Circumference ◽

Total Body ◽

Daily Gain

The current study was presented to conclude the influence of different ratio of pomegranate peel powder (PP) in feed of Karadi male lambs, they divided to 4 groups (0% as a control, 1% treatment 1, 2% treatment 2 and 4% as treatment 3), on scrotal circumference (SC), scrotum height (SH), body weight (BW) and blood serum testosterone concentration (T). In this study, sixteen (16) of Karadi male lambs used with 24.30 ± 0.40 kg weight and with 4-5 months old, all lambs have been randomly divided equally into four (4) groups and individually penned in a box for during 63 days. Results in our study showed that SC was significantly different and recorded higher 17.875±0.54 cm in group that fed on 1% PP, also SH recorded higher and significant different in group fed on 1% PP compared with other groups 10.000±0.32 cm. Average blood serum testosterone reduces in all groups compared to control group that fed on 0% of PP (11.418±0.15 n.mol/L). Final body weight in our study had significantly different (P < 0.05) between groups, 1% PP recorded higher weight (34.9 ± 0.58) kg. Each average daily gain, total body gain and initial body weight had not significant different in all groups. Correlation coefficient between SC, SH, blood serum testosterone concentration and final BW computed and ranged between (-0.397 to + 0.914).

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Effects of Aqua Aerobics on Body Composition, Body Mass, Lipid Profile, and Blood Count in Middle-Aged Sedentary Women

Human Movement ◽

10.1515/humo-2015-0020 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Joanna Kantyka ◽

Damian Herman ◽

Robert Roczniok ◽

Lidia Kuba

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lipid Profile ◽

Blood Count ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Control Group ◽

Older Individuals ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Post Intervention ◽

Total Body ◽

Experimental Group

AbstractPurpose. The aim of the present investigations was to determine the effects of aqua aerobics on body weight and composition, lipid profile, and selected blood count parameters in middle-aged sedentary females. Methods. Twenty-one women were randomly assigned to an experimental group (age 56.20 ± 2.57 years, height 162.80 ± 4.76 cm, weight 74.03 ± 3.84 kg) that participated in aqua aerobics classes three times a week for three months and a control group (mean age 56.44 ± 3.28 years, height 165.00 ± 3.91 cm, weight 70.01 ± 11.36 kg) not involved in any kind of targeted exercise. The aqua aerobics classes were tailored to suit the age and abilities of the participants, with workout intensity controlled and maintained at approximately 128-137 bpm. Results. Significant differences between the experimental and control groups were found for body weight, total body water, fat-free mass, and skeletal muscle mass. A significant increase in post-intervention hemoglobin and erythrocyte counts was observed in the experimental group. Conclusions. Future studies should determine the intensity of physical activity with the most beneficial effect on blood variables in middle-aged and older individuals.

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Influence of oral buprenorphine, oral naltrexone or morphine on the effects of laparotomy in the rat

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367798780600025 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 149-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

J. H. Liles ◽

P. A. Flecknell ◽

J. Roughan ◽

I. Cruz-Madorran

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Water Intake ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Subcutaneous Administration ◽

Endogenous Opioids ◽

Control Group ◽

Opioid Agonist ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Oral Naltrexone ◽

Food And Water Intake

The effects of oral administration of buprenorphine ('buprenorphine jello'), a partial μ opioid agonist, oral naltrexone, a μ antagonist and morphine, a μ agonist, were investigated in rats following laparotomy. Food and water consumption and body weight were reduced in rats that underwent surgery. Rats undergoing anaesthesia alone showed only a small reduction in water consumption. Administration of oral buprenorphine (0.5 mg/kg in flavoured gelatin) decreased the effects of surgery on body weight and water intake when compared to untreated (vehicle alone) controls. The magnitude of this beneficial effect was similar to that seen in previous studies using subcutaneous administration of buprenorphine. The fall in body weight and food and water intake following surgery was similar in the groups which received morphine and the control group which received vehicle (jelly). Neither the magnitude of the fall in body weight, and food and water intake, nor the behavioural scores differed between naltrexone and control (vehicle alone) rats following surgery. This suggests that the beneficial effects of partial agonist analgesics are mediated by a reduction in pain rather than by antagonism of endogenous opioids. Both anaesthesia and surgery caused changes in behaviour, but the major effects of buprenorphine in normal (unoperated) rats severely limited the value of behavioural parameters as a means of assessing possible beneficial effects of analgesic administration.

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Effects of GPR18 Ligands on Body Weight and Metabolic Parameters in a Female Rat Model of Excessive Eating

Pharmaceuticals ◽

10.3390/ph14030270 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 270

Author(s):

Magdalena Kotańska ◽

Kamil Mika ◽

Małgorzata Szafarz ◽

Monika Kubacka ◽

Christa E. Müller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Female Rat ◽

Affect Body Weight ◽

Female Wistar Rats ◽

Food And Water Intake ◽

Obese Control ◽

Treatment Of Obesity ◽

Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Anorectic Activity

GPR18 has been proposed to play a role in the progression of metabolic disease and obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of selective GRP18 ligands (the antagonists PSB-CB5 and PSB-CB27 and the agonist PSB-KK1415) on body mass and the development of metabolic disorders commonly accompanying obesity. Experiments were carried out on female Wistar rats. In order to determine the anorectic activity of the investigated ligands, their effect on food and water intake in a model of excessive eating was assessed. Lipid profile, glucose and insulin levels as well as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in plasma were also evaluated. Potential side effects were examined in rat models of pica behavior and conditioned taste aversion. Animals treated with different ligands gained significantly less weight than rats from the obese control group. Effects of GPR18 antagonists on food intake and body weight were specific and unrelated to visceral illness, stress or changes in spontaneous activity. However, the GPR18 agonist is likely to affect body weight by inducing gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea. The presented preliminary data support the idea that the search for selective GPR18 antagonists for the treatment of obesity might be promising.

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THE INFLUENCE OF ANEMIA ON PHAGOCYTIC FUNCTIONS AND RESISTANCE TO INFECTION IN MICE

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v2.special_issue_number_1.117.117 ◽

1947 ◽

Vol 2 (Special_Issue_Number_1) ◽

pp. 117-124 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L. JOE BERRY ◽

EVELYN C. HALLER

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Survival Rate ◽

Blood Loss ◽

Salmonella Typhimurium ◽

Total Body Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Phagocytic Function ◽

Progressive Development ◽

Resistance To Infection ◽

Total Body

Abstract The increase in phagocytic function of neutrophiles of mice was measured during the progressive development of anemia due to blood loss. The animals were bled from the tail, 2 per cent of total body weight being removed twice weekly for nine bleedings. Phagocytosis was 161 per cent of normal at the end of this period, and the erythrocyte totals and hemoglobin values were approximately two thirds of normal. The anemic mice were infected intraperitoneally with a suspension of Salmonella typhimurium and their survival rate was compared with normal mice similarly infected. Twenty-eight of 63 anemic mice survived and 14 of 63 normal mice survived. In a second experiment, mice were subjected to bleeding every third day for nine bleedings, and were then infected along with a control group. One half of the anemic animals were bled for three additional bleedings after the infection. Two of 48 control animals survived, 5 of 47 anemic mice, additionally bled, survived, and 19 of 47 anemic mice, not bled after infection, survived. This suggests that the increase in phagocytosis that accompanies anemia may be, at least in part, responsible for the increased resistance to infection.

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