scholarly journals Effects of GPR18 Ligands on Body Weight and Metabolic Parameters in a Female Rat Model of Excessive Eating

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 270
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kotańska ◽  
Kamil Mika ◽  
Małgorzata Szafarz ◽  
Monika Kubacka ◽  
Christa E. Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Obese Control ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽  
Anorectic Activity

GPR18 has been proposed to play a role in the progression of metabolic disease and obesity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of selective GRP18 ligands (the antagonists PSB-CB5 and PSB-CB27 and the agonist PSB-KK1415) on body mass and the development of metabolic disorders commonly accompanying obesity. Experiments were carried out on female Wistar rats. In order to determine the anorectic activity of the investigated ligands, their effect on food and water intake in a model of excessive eating was assessed. Lipid profile, glucose and insulin levels as well as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase activity in plasma were also evaluated. Potential side effects were examined in rat models of pica behavior and conditioned taste aversion. Animals treated with different ligands gained significantly less weight than rats from the obese control group. Effects of GPR18 antagonists on food intake and body weight were specific and unrelated to visceral illness, stress or changes in spontaneous activity. However, the GPR18 agonist is likely to affect body weight by inducing gastrointestinal disorders such as nausea. The presented preliminary data support the idea that the search for selective GPR18 antagonists for the treatment of obesity might be promising.

scholarly journals Impact of flaxseed intake upon metabolic syndrome indicators in female Wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Hipólito Cardozo Brant ◽  
Ludmila Ferreira Medeiros de França Cardozo ◽  
Luís Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucose Profiles

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the prolonged consumption of flaxseed minimize the factors that trigger MS in healthy rats. METHODS: Pregnant rats were divided immediately after delivery into two groups during the lactation period, a control group (CG) receiving casein-based diet with 17% of protein, and a Flaxseed group (FG) with casein-based diet plus 25% of flaxseed. At weaning, 12 offspring of each group continued to receive the same feed but with 10% of protein up to 200 days old. RESULTS: FG showed a significant reduction in body weight (p=0.001), total cholesterol levels (p<0.0001), triglycerides (p=0.0001), and glucose (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The flaxseed alters the indicators related to development of metabolic syndrome, because it has beneficial effects on lipids and glucose profiles and prevents the excess of body weight gain.

scholarly journals Fluoxetine effect on gestation and fetal development

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Bianca Eugenia Ösz ◽  
C. E. Vari ◽  
Maria Dogaru
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors ◽  
Gravid Uterus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract The prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is very controversial. There is no conclusive evidence for increased risk of malformations after SSRI use in pregnancy. The aim of the study was to determine how fluoxetine is affecting gestation and fetal development in rats. Twenty sexually mature female Wistar rats weighting between 250-260 g received 20 mg/kg body weight fluoxetine from the first day of gestation and during the entire gestation period.The drug was administered by oral route. Healthy, primipareus animals were selected along with 20 female Wistar rats, as control group. Mature males were caged with virgin females for an entire week. Rat’s behaviour during gestation, after birth and rats body weight was examined. The number of healthy pups was also noted. The females not giving birth after 21 days to any pup were anesthetized (halothane through gas scavenging apparatus untilled death) and the gravid uterus were dissected out and examined. Compared to the controlled group, in which weight gain was more significant, the animals from the experimental group had a slight increase in body weight. The weight gain normally induced by gestation, is less significant in fluoxetine treated rats due to the increase serotonin levels in the brain. The uteri examination of pregnant rats showed an increase in the number of dead and resorbed rat embryos. Preclinical studies suggest that the inclusion of fluoxetine in pregnancy category C is justified and the appropriateness of its administration in pregnancy is still an unresolved issue.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kontrasepsi Suntik DMPA Terhadap Kenaikan Berat Badan Tikus Betina Galur Wistar

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Retna Prihati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Rat Strain

Abstract: DMPA Injectable Contraception, Body Weight. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of contraception DMPA injection to BB in female blood wistar strain female. The benefits of this study are expected to increase public knowledge about injectable contraception especially related to the side effects of weight gain. This type of research is an experimental laboratory. Research design Randomized pre-post test group with control, the sample size of 10 adult female mice Wistar strain divided into 2 groups. Data were analyzed by independent T test. Significant value of p <0.05. The result of this research is there is significant difference between control group and DMPA contraception treatment group (p = 0,008). In conclusion contraceptive DMPA affects body weight wistar female rat strain.

THE ANTIOBESITY ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF ROSE APPLE (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) ON FEMALE WISTAR RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Atun Qowiyyah ◽  
Setiadi Ihsan ◽  
Hesti Renggana ◽  
Maila Nisa Khoeriyah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Syzygium Jambos ◽  
High Carbohydrate ◽  
Apple Leaves ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

<p>Obesity prevalence has increased in recent years and has caused serious health problems. This research was carried out to obtain alternative antiobesity therapy with more minimal side effects. Antiobesity activity of rose apple (Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston) leaves on female Wistar rats induced by high carbohydrate food for 45 days and subcutaneously injection of MSG 2 g/kgbw. Extraction was carried out using maceration method 96% ethanol. The test parameters observed were body weight, food intake, stool consistency and weight, liver and abdominal fat tissue weight. The results showed that high carbohydrate food and monosodium glutamate could induce obesity. Ethanol extract of rose apple leaves at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kgbw body weight had antiobesity activity by inhibiting body weight gain significantly compased to positive control group (p&lt;0.05). The highest antiobesity effect was shown by the ethanol extract of rose apple leaves at a doses of 50 mg/kgbw with % inhibition of body weight gain of 169.3% to positive control group. Ethanol extract of rose apple leaves may reduce appetite, but didn’t have laxative effect and couldn’t reduce fat deposits in the liver and abdominal fat tissue.</p>

scholarly journals The effect of toluene on oxidative processes in rat blood

2009 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Stajkovic ◽  
Suncica Borozan ◽  
Gordana Gadjanski-Omerovic
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Blood ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Radical Processes

This study was designed to investigate the effects of toluene treatment on oxidative stress in rat blood. Since toluene metabolism produces reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, it was hypothesized that the toluene treatment would: 1) provoke changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, 2) impair the integrity of the cell membrane and 3) induce structural changes in the plasma proteins. Female Wistar rats were treated with toluene intraperitonally, at a daily dose of 0.38 mmol/kg body weight for 12 days, and 5 mmol/kg body weight for 6 days, respectively, with propylene glycol as the carrier. Toluene significantly increased superoxide dismutase activity at low doses, catalase activity at high doses and the level of erythrocytes malondialdehyde in both treated groups when compared to the control group. The nitrite ( ? 2 NO ) level in both treated groups was not different from that in the control animals. Toluene caused oxidative modification of plasma proteins and, consequently, changes in the concentration of glycoproteins and lipoproteins when compared to the control group. The observed alterations indicate that toluene treatment might be involved in free radical processes.

scholarly journals Influence of oral buprenorphine, oral naltrexone or morphine on the effects of laparotomy in the rat

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Liles ◽  
P. A. Flecknell ◽  
J. Roughan ◽  
I. Cruz-Madorran
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Oral Naltrexone ◽  
Food And Water Intake

The effects of oral administration of buprenorphine ('buprenorphine jello'), a partial μ opioid agonist, oral naltrexone, a μ antagonist and morphine, a μ agonist, were investigated in rats following laparotomy. Food and water consumption and body weight were reduced in rats that underwent surgery. Rats undergoing anaesthesia alone showed only a small reduction in water consumption. Administration of oral buprenorphine (0.5 mg/kg in flavoured gelatin) decreased the effects of surgery on body weight and water intake when compared to untreated (vehicle alone) controls. The magnitude of this beneficial effect was similar to that seen in previous studies using subcutaneous administration of buprenorphine. The fall in body weight and food and water intake following surgery was similar in the groups which received morphine and the control group which received vehicle (jelly). Neither the magnitude of the fall in body weight, and food and water intake, nor the behavioural scores differed between naltrexone and control (vehicle alone) rats following surgery. This suggests that the beneficial effects of partial agonist analgesics are mediated by a reduction in pain rather than by antagonism of endogenous opioids. Both anaesthesia and surgery caused changes in behaviour, but the major effects of buprenorphine in normal (unoperated) rats severely limited the value of behavioural parameters as a means of assessing possible beneficial effects of analgesic administration.

scholarly journals Effects of Semi-Starvation on the Total Body Composition and Absorptive Function of the Small Intestine of the Young Adult Female Rat

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Williams ◽  
W Senior ◽  
JilI Sippel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Variable Weight

Sixteen female rats aged about 80 days and with a mean body weight of 175 g were fed 40 % of their ad libitum intake of a laboratory chow. They were killed and analysed for water, protein, lipid and ash after 9, 21� 5, 30� 2 and 38�8 % of body weight had been lost. Compared to a control group of four animals, the 38�8 % group lost 13 g or 34 % of their protein. The animals in the 21 . 5, 30� 2 and 38 . 8 % groups lost 7� 5 g or 87 % of their lipid leaving only 1 �1 g of lipid. The percentage protein in the body was little affected by body weight loss but lipid decreased from 5 to 1 %. In another experiment with 26 rats of 205 g mean body weight and aged about 115 days, absorption rates by the small intestine were measured in vivo after variable weight losses between 0 and 39 %. o( + )-Glucose uptake was increased by about 70 % in those animals which had lost only 5 % of body weight and this increased uptake was retained in those rats which had lost up to 39 % of body weight. The absorption of L-leucine was not affected by the decline in body weight compared to the controls but relative to body weight, the ability of the intestine to absorb increased. In the same animals, the wet and dry weights of the small intestine declined slightly faster than body weight and the length of the small intestine tended to decrease slightly with increasing loss of body weight.

scholarly journals Histological and hormonal studies of calabash chalk on ovarian function in adult female wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (03) ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
A. Oyewopo ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
K. Anumudu ◽  
E. Yawson
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Introduction: Calabash chalk is a naturally occurring mineral, chiefly composed of fossilized sea shells. It is prepared from clay and mud mixed with other ingredients, including lead, arsenic, sand and wood ash. Clay consumption is correlated with pregnancy, and also to eliminate morning sickness in women. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of calabash chalk on the ovarian function in adult female Wistar rats. Methods: Eighteen (18) adult female Wistar rats. Group A served as the control group, group B received 40 mg/kg body weight of Non-salted calabash chalk while group C received 40 mg/kg body weight of Salted calabash chalk for 14 days. On day 15, the animals were sacrificed for histological and biochemical examination. Results: Results showed a significant (P< 0.05) reduction in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels of the treatment groups when compared with the control group and an increase in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of the treatment groups when compared with the control group. Histological examination of the ovaries showed severe deterioration of the ovarian follicles, necrosis and follicular atresia. Conclusion: Calabash chalk is toxic to ovarian function. These alterations have been shown to be the leading cause ofinfertility in female rats. Hence, proper monitoring, education, and regulation of the product is needed.

scholarly journals Effects of leptin on secretion of LH and FSH from primary cultured female rat pituitary cells

2001 ◽  
Vol 144 (6) ◽  
pp. 653-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Ogura ◽  
M Irahara ◽  
M Kiyokawa ◽  
M Tezuka ◽  
T Matsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Pubertal Development ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Cells ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Female Wistar Rats

BACKGROUND: Leptin, which is the product of the obese gene, is believed to play important roles in pubertal development and reproductive function in females. In a study using adult male rats, it was found that leptin stimulated secretion of gonadotropin from the pituitary in a dose-related manner. However, there has been no such study in female rats. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of leptin on the production of LH and FSH from the pituitary in female rats, using primary cultured pituitary cells. METHODS: In this study, we determined body weight, serum leptin concentration and serum estradiol (E(2)) concentration in female Wistar rats at 3, 5, 6, 7, 9 and 11 weeks of age, and cultured pituitary cells from 6-week-old female Wistar rats with leptin (0--10(-7) mol/l) and GnRH (0 or 10(-8) mol/l). Then basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH were assayed by RIA. RESULTS: Serum leptin concentration increased with increases in body weight and E(2) concentration. The pubertal serum leptin concentration was about 10(-10) mol/l. At a lower or moderate concentration, leptin produced dose-related increases in both basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH in pituitary cells. At a concentration of 10 mol/l, leptin significantly (P<0.05) stimulated both basal and GnRH-stimulated extra- and intracellular LH and FSH. However, at greater concentrations, these effects diminished. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicated that leptin induced pituitary cells to produce and secrete both LH and FSH, with or without GnRH. The concentration of leptin that induced the greatest production of gonadotropins by pituitary cells was 10(-10) mol/l, which was the same as the physiological pubertal concentration. Leptin may be involved in the onset of puberty. It is also conceivable that leptin may be a cause of ovulatory failure, not only in weight loss but also in weight gain.

THE EFFECTS OF OVARIAN STEROIDS ON FOOD AND WATER INTAKE AND BODY WEIGHT IN THE FEMALE RAT

1973 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Tarttelin ◽  
R. A. Gorski
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Daily Injection ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Ovarian Steroids ◽  
Food And Water Intake ◽  
Ovariectomized Animal

ABSTRACT The influence of ovarian steroids on food intake (FI), water intake (WI) and body weight (BWt) was measured under various conditions. Ovariectomy results in an increase in FI and BWt, which plateaued around one month after surgery. Daily injection of 1.5 μg oestradiol benzoate (OB) initiated at this time significantly reduced both FI and BWt. This effect of daily OB treatment on FI is only transitory since the FI returns to normal during OB treatment although the effect on BWt is maintained throughout and beyond OB treatment. Following ovariectomy, WI gradually falls, but is returned to normal by daily OB treatment. When oestrogen treatment is initiated at the time of ovariectomy, the increase in FI and BWt is prevented. In additional ovariectomized rats, 3 μg OB was injected every fifth day with either progesterone or oil administered on the intervening days. Although no influence of progesterone injection (either with OB or alone) was detected, the intermittent injection of OB induced cyclic suppression of FI, and the pattern of FI approached that of the intact cycling female. Adaptation to the intermittent injection of OB was not observed. Finally, OB treatment was found to decrease the increased FI seen during pseudopregnancy by a proportion similar to the effect of oestrogen in the long-term ovariectomized animal. These results suggest that oestrogen, but not progesterone, is the ovarian hormone active in the regulation of intake parameters and body weight in the female rat.

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