Facts and transformations in European minority language media systems amid digitalization and economic crisis

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iñaki Zabaleta ◽  
Arantza Gutierrez ◽  
Carme Ferré-Pavia ◽  
Itxaso Fernandez ◽  
Nikolas Xamardo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
Comparative Nature

This article investigates the reality and variations of the European minority language media systems between 2009 and 2016, a period of serious economic crisis and accelerated digitalization process. To that aim, several parameters were measured: structure of the media systems and changes during that period along the variables of media type, ownership and reach; presence and relevance of major media in each of the communities; number and variation of full-time journalists; and the density or relative weight of the media systems with regard to the speaking population. The 10 minority languages under analysis (Basque, Catalan, Galician, Corsican, Breton, Frisian, Irish, Welsh, Scottish-Gaelic and Sámi) represent a wide range of communities. The relevance of the study lies in its direct comparative nature and in the fact that it thoroughly updates previous scholarly literature, measuring the changes which occurred within the 10 media systems.

Economy and funding of European minority language media: Reality and impact of digitalization and economic crisis

Journalism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146488492095403
Author(s):  
Iñaki Zabaleta ◽  
Nikolas Xamardo
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Scottish Gaelic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Aid ◽  
Media Types ◽  
Media Systems

This article investigates the economy of monolingual media systems in nine European minority language communities during 2009–2015, a period of strong economic crisis and accelerated digitalization. The main areas of study are three: The economic volume or weight of those media systems and its variation between 2009 and 2015; the current funding structure of the four media types (press, radio, TV and cybermedia); and the qualitative evaluation of media editors and managers on the effect of those two crises as well as the significance of the public aid. The nine European minority languages are Basque, Welsh, Galician, Irish, Breton, Frisian, Sámi, Corsican and Scottish-Gaelic. As for the findings, it can be highlighted that the economic volume or revenue of European minority language media is close to five hundred million euros per year, of which over ninety per cent is public funding, mostly devoted to broadcasting media. The conclusion set forth is that public funding should not be framed as aid but as a social, cultural and economic investment.

scholarly journals Economía y financiación de medios en lenguas minoritarias celtas de Irlanda y Reino Unido: el modelo público como referencia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 267-291
Author(s):  
Iñaki Zabaleta Urkiola ◽  
Tania Arriaga Azkarate ◽  
Maria Gorosarri González ◽  
Nicolás Xamardo González
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Scottish Gaelic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Public Aid ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Systems

This article investigates the monolingual media in three Celtic minority language communities of the United Kingdom and Ireland, at the end of the economic crisis that began in 2008, from the perspective of the public interest media model, prevalent in the media systems of European minority language media. The main areas of study are the economic volume, the funding system and the qualitative evaluation of editors and media directors regarding the effect of the economic crisis and the importance of public aid. The three minority Celtic languages analyzed are Welsh, Irish and Scottish Gaelic. The methodological design is based on the techniques of systematic quantitative comparison between communities and a qualitative approach.

Communicating Agricultural Information for Development: The Role of the Media in Zimbabwe

Libri ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinashe Mugwisi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Broadcast Media ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Agriculture Industry ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Media ◽  
Short Courses

AbstractThe success of agricultural development programmes in developing countries largely depends on the nature and extent of the use of mass media in the mobilisation of people for development. The media, which offers unique opportunities to disseminate information, can play an important role in informing citizens about social, academic, and economic issues, amongst others. This is also true in the agricultural sector. Radio for example, is an inexpensive medium, and therefore enjoys a wide range of diffusion, even among rural and less literate people who have access to fewer information resources. The purpose of this study was to investigate how the print and electronic media sources are contributing to the communication of information relating to agricultural development in Zimbabwe. A questionnaire was distributed to all media houses in Zimbabwe. The results indicate that there is a significant coverage, by the media, of issues relating to agriculture and the agriculture industry. The broadcast media in particular, make efforts to reach out to a range of audiences who speak minority languages such as Kalanga, Venda, Sotho, Doma, Yao, and Shangaan. However, the media face challenges, including a lack of subject specialists, language barriers, constraints on financial and material resources, and poor road infrastructure that inhibits travelling. This study recommends training, short courses on agriculture reporting, and courses that provide information on the available resources to improve the quality of news and information regarding agriculture-related issues reaching mainly rural audiences of farmers in Zimbabwe.

The impact of the economic crisis on media corruption: A comparative study in South and North Europe

2020 ◽  
pp. 174804852094275
Author(s):  
Theodora A Maniou ◽  
Elena Ketteni
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
The North ◽  
Global Economic Crisis ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Systems ◽  
The Impact

Although extensive research has been conducted into the role of the media in fighting corruption, media organisations and journalists themselves are not immune to it. The issue of corruption in the media remains understudied and has thus far mainly focused on case-studies of specific countries characterised by corruption as a core societal characteristic, as well as of under-developed and developing countries. This study focuses on the issue of media corruption in Europe, based on a comparative analysis between countries of the South and North, investigating the impact of the global economic crisis on media corruption. The research presents clear evidence of increased indications of media corruption in the North of Europe in comparison to the media systems of the European South, the area most affected by the global economic crisis.

scholarly journals Diverging worlds of foreign correspondence: The changing working conditions of correspondents in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland

Journalism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 539-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Brüggemann ◽  
Guido Keel ◽  
Thomas Hanitzsch ◽  
Gerit Götzenbrucker ◽  
Laura Schacht
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Foreign Correspondents ◽  
Media Type ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Media ◽  
Foreign Correspondence ◽  
Foreign Correspondent

Foreign correspondents seem to have become an endangered species. They are said to be increasingly substituted by new forms of foreign correspondence. These claims are often raised by researchers studying foreign correspondence to and from the United States and the United Kingdom. We test whether assumptions about the demise and substitution of the traditional foreign correspondent also apply beyond these contexts. Particularly, the study seeks to explore the differences in the working conditions of various kinds of foreign correspondents. Based on 211 responses gathered through an online survey of a carefully reconstructed population of 721 journalists, it describes the profile and working conditions of foreign correspondents in Germany, Switzerland, and Austria. It finds that the traditional correspondent – a professional journalist working full-time for legacy media – may be more resistant to change than expected. In the perception of correspondents, there is not much substitution through parachutes, locals, amateurs, or reporting from the headquarters. Working conditions are not worsening for everyone. Rather, we find diverging worlds of foreign correspondence depending on the media type, the country of origin, and the kind of job contract journalists have.

Translation policy in the media

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 71-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Haddadian-Moghaddam ◽  
Reine Meylaerts
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Minority Language ◽  
Equal Access ◽  
Minority Languages ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Television Programs ◽  
Legal Provisions ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
The Media ◽  
Iranian State

Although Persian is the official language in Iran, legal provisions are available for the use of minority languages in the media. Recent scholarship describes ‘Persianization’ as the ‘building block’ of language policy, overlooking the use of minority languages in official media. This paper examines the scope of this minority language provision in the television programs broadcasted by the state in Kurdistan. It illustrates the use of translation and bilingualism working alongside official monolingualism, calling into question the issue of Persianization. The article first describes the use of non-Persian languages in Iranian state media and shows their proportion vis-a-vis official Persian. Second, it examines the use of Kurdish and the weight of translation in the television programs under study. Advocating translational justice, the paper calls for a clear translation policy and more translation to be offered for programs broadcasted for Kurdish minorities to ensure equal access to media.

Michael Clegg (1933–1995): from naturalist to environmental correspondent in the multi-media age

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Scientific Background ◽  
The Media ◽  
Multi Media

The coverage of natural history in British newspapers has evolved from a “Nature notes” format – usually a regular column submitted by a local amateur naturalist – to professional, larger-format, presentations by dedicated environmental correspondents. Not all such environmental correspondents, however, have natural-history expertise or even a scientific background. Yorkshire's Michael Clegg was a man who had a life-long love of nature wedded to a desire to communicate that passion. He moved from a secure position in the museum world (with a journalistic sideline) to become a freelance newspaper journalist and (subsequently) commentator on radio and television dealing with, and campaigning on, environmental issues full-time. As such, he exemplified the transition in how natural history coverage in the media evolved in the final decades of the twentieth century reflecting modern concerns about biodiversity, conservation, pollution and sustainable development.

The Principles of Layout and How Those Apply to Digital Electronic Book Publication

DeKaVe ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Hendra Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Print Media ◽  
Electronic Media ◽  
Web Pages ◽  
Electronic Book ◽  
Electronic Books ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Design Elements ◽  
Media Type ◽  
The Media ◽  
Book Publication

When designing a layout, the designer must be aware of fundamental principles so as to make the design structured and consistent. When planning layout, a designer cannot be random and must consider essential factors, such as the media type, the readers, the design elements and so on. Electronic media, like web pages and electronic books, is a newer media than the print media, and is different in several aspects. Yet, the basic principles of the design are still identical. A solid layout is a great tool in communicating messages visually.

How Scientists Communicate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Scientific Communication ◽  
Scientific Publication ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Conference Presentations ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Media ◽  
Broad Overview

What is scientific research? It is the process by which we learn about the world. For this research to have an impact, and positively contribute to society, it needs to be communicated to those who need to understand its outcomes and significance for them. Any piece of research is not complete until it has been recorded and passed on to those who need to know about it. So, good communication skills are a key attribute for researchers, and scientists today need to be able to communicate through a wide range of media, from formal scientific papers to presentations and social media, and to a range of audiences, from expert peers to stakeholders to the general public. In this book, the goals and nature of scientific communication are explored, from the history of scientific publication; through the stages of how papers are written, evaluated, and published; to what happens after publication, using examples from landmark historical papers. In addition, ethical issues relating to publication, and the damage caused by cases of fabrication and falsification, are explored. Other forms of scientific communication such as conference presentations are also considered, with a particular focus on presenting and writing for nonspecialist audiences, the media, and other stakeholders. Overall, this book provides a broad overview of the whole range of scientific communication and should be of interest to researchers and also those more broadly interested in the process how what scientists do every day translates into outcomes that contribute to society.

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE ROLE OF TRANSACTIVE MEMORY SYSTEMS IN TEAM DECISION-MAKING DURING IDEATION PHASE

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1529-1536
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Dastmalchi ◽  
Bimal Balakrishnan ◽  
Danielle Oprean
Keyword(s):  
Digital Media ◽  
Memory Systems ◽  
Transactive Memory ◽  
Design Teams ◽  
Team Cognition ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Media Type ◽  
Design Collaboration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Communication Modes

AbstractTeam collaboration is a critical necessity of the modern-day engineering design profession. This is no surprise given that teams typically possess more task-relevant skills and knowledge than individuals (Levine & Choi, 2004). Advancements in digital media provide new opportunities for collaboration across the design lifecycle. However, early stages of the design process still pose challenges to digitally mediated design collaboration due to greater representational abstraction and the presence of multiple modalities for design ideation. Usually, design teams spend a substantial amount of time generating a broad set of ideas that can lead them to a wide range of design solutions during the ideation phase. However, sooner or later, teams should narrow down their vision for a final solution. What factors influence team members to eliminate or select an idea? Our study is an attempt to demonstrate some examples of this challenge. By drawing on research in team cognition, particularly the concept of transactive memory system (TMS) we studied a design teams' communication and media use during the ideation phase. The goal was to see if media type and communication modes can predict a team's decisions on selecting and eliminating ideas.

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