scholarly journals Advances in Pharmacological Activities of Terpenoids

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2090355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Yang ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Shaofen Guo ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Transdermal Absorption ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Potential Applications

Terpenoids, the most abundant compounds in natural products, are a set of important secondary metabolites in plants with diverse structures. Terpenoids play key roles in plant growth and development, response to the environment, and physiological processes. As raw materials, terpenoids were also widely used in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics industries. Terpenoids possess antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial effects, promote transdermal absorption, prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, and have hypoglycemic activities. In addition, previous studies have also found that terpenoids have many potential applications, such as insect resistance, immunoregulation, antioxidation, antiaging, and neuroprotection. Terpenoids have a complex structure with diverse effects and different mechanisms of action. Activities and mechanisms of terpenoids were reviewed in this paper. The development and application prospect of terpenoid compounds were also prospected, which provides a useful reference for new drug discovery and drug design based on terpenoids.

scholarly journals Physiological Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide in Plants: Pleasant Exploration behind Its Unpleasant Odour

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuping Jin ◽  
Yanxi Pei
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence

Recently, overwhelming evidence has proven that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which was identified as a gasotransmitter in animals, plays important roles in diverse physiological processes in plants as well. With the discovery and systematic classification of the enzymes producing H2Sin vivo, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which H2S influences plant responses to various stimuli was reached. There are many functions of H2S, including the modulation of defense responses and plant growth and development, as well as the regulation of senescence and maturation. Additionally, mounting evidence indicates that H2S signaling interacts with plant hormones, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and other molecules in signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroids and gibberellic acid: effects on in vitro pollen germination in grapevine

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Zeliha Gokbayrak ◽  
Hakan Engin
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Grape Cultivars

<p style="text-align: justify;">Many physiological processes related to plant growth and development are under the influence of growth regulators, which also have an impact on pollen germination. In this study, the effects of two brassinosteroid compounds, epibrassinolide and 22S,23S-homobrassinolide, and gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) on <em>in vitro</em> pollen germination of two table grape cultivars, ‘Italia’ and ‘Cardinal’ (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.), were determined. A total of 28 treatments, alone and in combination, were applied to freshly collected pollens which were sown on a basic medium with 1% agar and 20% sucrose. Petri dishes were kept at 26±1°C for 24 hours. Counting of the germinated pollens revealed that the effects of these plant hormones were cultivar- and substance-specific. The cultivar ‘Italia’ was not influenced by the treatments (the highest germination ratio being 44.4% from 0.001 mg L<sup>-1</sup> epibrassinolide) as opposed to the cultivar ‘Cardinal’. The highest germination ratio in ‘Cardinal’ was about 50% in pollens treated with 25 mg L<sup>-1</sup> GA<sub>3</sub> + 0.01 mg L<sup>-1</sup> epibrassinolide. The control group resulted in 32.38% germination. Combining GA<sub>3</sub> with epibrassinolide provided slightly higher germination ratios compared to combining GA<sub>3</sub> with 22S,23S-homobrassinolide. </p>

Small but Mighty: An Update on Small Molecule Plant Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raegan T Larson ◽  
Heather E McFarlane
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Mechanical Support ◽  
Cellulose Biosynthesis ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitors

Abstract Cellulose is one of the most abundant biopolymers on Earth. It provides mechanical support to growing plant cells and important raw materials for paper, textiles, and biofuel feedstocks. Cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) are invaluable tools for studying cellulose biosynthesis and can be important herbicides for controlling weed growth. Here, we review CBIs with particular focus on the most widely used CBIs and recently discovered CBIs. We discuss the effects of these CBIs on plant growth and development and plant cell biology, and summarize what is known about the mode of action of these different CBIs.

scholarly journals MSD2, an apoplastic Mn-SOD, contributes to root skotomorphogenic growth by modulating ROS distribution in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huize Chen ◽  
Jinsu Lee ◽  
Jung-Min Lee ◽  
Minsoo Han ◽  
Aurelia Emonet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Ros Metabolism

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles as a second messenger in various physiological processes in plants. Due to their oxidative nature, ROS can also be harmful. Thus, the generation and homeostasis of ROS are tightly controlled by multiple enzymes. Membrane-localized NADPH oxidases are well known to generate ROS during developmental and stress responses, but the metabolic pathways of the superoxide (O2⋅−) generated by them in the apoplast are poorly understood, and the identity of the apoplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD) is unknown in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that a putative manganese SOD, MSD2 is secreted and possesses a SOD activity that can be inhibited by nitration at tyrosine 68. The expression of MSD2 in roots is light condition-dependent, suggesting that MSD2 may act on ROS metabolism in roots during the light-to-dark transition. Root architecture is governed by ROS distribution that exhibits opposite gradient of H2O2 and O2⋅−, which is indeed altered in etiolated msd2 mutants and accompanied by changes in the onset of differentiation. These results provide a missing link in our understanding of ROS metabolism and suggest that MSD2 plays a role in root skotomorphogenesis by regulating ROS distribution, thereby playing a pivotal role in plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Exogenous salicylic acid treatments enhance tolerance to salinity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plantlets

2010 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Cornelia Purcǎrea ◽  
Dorina Cachită ◽  
Adriana Petrus ◽  
Liviu Pop ◽  
Adriana Chis
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Exogenous Treatment ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Salt stress, an abiotic stress, determines modifications of some biochemical indicators, like, antioxidant enzymes, proline (amino acidaccumulate in higher plants under salinity stress) content, and some physiological processes including: plant growth and development. Inthis paper we studied the influence of exogenous treatment of wheat seeds, with 0.1 mM salicylic acid (SA) solution, in the plant response tosalt stress. The treatment was applied by presoaking the seeds in the treatment solution for 12 hours before germination. The results showedthat exogenous 0.1 mM SA solution, administrated to the wheat cariopses significantly ameliorated the negative effect of salt stress in firstweek of germination in laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Salinity decreases transpiration of sorghum plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães ◽  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Juliane Rafaele Alves Barros ◽  
Lilia Gomes Willadino
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Absorption Rate ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Saline Environment ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Reduced Water ◽  
Semi Arid

AbstractGrowing in a saline environment causes changes in important physiological processes that are directly related to plant growth and development. In this study we evaluated the effect of salinity on transpiration of sorghum plants in semi-arid conditions and found that the highest rates of transpiration were observed in the hottest hours of the day, between 10 a.m. and 3 p.m., with plants subjected to the saline environment having their transpiration reduced by up to 70% when compared to the non-saline environment. This behavior can be reflected in reductions in plant growth and development due to reduced water absorption by the roots, consequently causing an imbalance of nutrients in the plant due to low absorption rate and competition between nutrients and salts in the preferred routes of absorption in the roots.

scholarly journals The use of a new generation chemicals on early ripening potatoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 02032
Author(s):  
Ryslan Gish ◽  
Anastasiya Zvyagina ◽  
Nina Arakelyan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fulvic Acids ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Humic And Fulvic Acids ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
High Yields ◽  
New Generation

To obtain high yields of potatoes, plant growth and development regulators of various origins are used. Recently, the use of chemicals made from natural raw materials has become more widespread. One of them is the chemicals Relict based on humic and fulvic acids, which have growth-stimulating adaptogenic and protective properties from peat. It is used both for treatment of tubers before planting, and for vegetative plants treatment. Such treatment allowed to reduce the sparseness in potato plantings, and also contributed to an increase in the yield of large and medium fractions of tubers. The marketability of tubers in the control is 81.7%, and in the areas treated with Relict is higher - at a concentration of 0.01 % - 91.6 %, and by 0.05 % - 93.7 %.

scholarly journals Current Understandings on Magnesium Deficiency and Future Outlooks for Sustainable Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1819
Author(s):  
Ahmad Hassan Chaudhry ◽  
Shafa Nayab ◽  
Syed Bilal Hussain ◽  
Muqarrab Ali ◽  
Zhiyong Pan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Magnesium Deficiency ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Available Information

The productivity of agricultural produce is fairly dependent on the availability of nutrients and efficient use. Magnesium (Mg2+) is an essential macronutrient of living cells and is the second most prevalent free divalent cation in plants. Mg2+ plays a role in several physiological processes that support plant growth and development. However, it has been largely forgotten in fertilization management strategies to increase crop production, which leads to severe reductions in plant growth and yield. In this review, we discuss how the Mg2+ shortage induces several responses in plants at different levels: morphological, physiological, biochemical and molecular. Additionally, the Mg2+ uptake and transport mechanisms in different cellular organelles and the role of Mg2+ transporters in regulating Mg2+ homeostasis are also discussed. Overall, in this review, we critically summarize the available information about the responses of Mg deficiency on plant growth and development, which would facilitate plant scientists to create Mg2+-deficiency-resilient crops through agronomic and genetic biofortification.

Influence of vegetable pea seed treatment with boron and molybdenum on plant growth and development depending on sowing period

2021 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
V. Аlmashova ◽  
◽  
S. Onishenko ◽  
О. Yevtushenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Sustainable Harvest ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
Sowing Period ◽  
Pea Seed

Influence of vegetable pea seed treatment with boron and molybdenum on plant growth and development depending on sowing period The article is devoted to the influence of terms of sowing and processing of pea seeds with boron and molybdenum fertilizers on plant development in the conditions of the south of Ukraine. The possibility of obtaining a sustainable harvest and high quality pea products for its further preservation has been proved. It is established that the action of boron and molybdenum delays the onset of phenological phases of culture development, and the use of two different sowing dates allows to delay the onset of the phase of technological maturity for 6 days. This is important when harvesting for minimal crop losses of vegetable peas in southern Ukraine. Keywords: vegetable peas, nutrients, boron and molybdenum fertilizers, physiological processes, leaf surface index.

scholarly journals Biochemical evaluation of lipoxygenase pathway of soybean plants submitted to wounding

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 05-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANGÉLICA APARECIDA VIEIRA ◽  
MARIA GORETI DE ALMEIDA OLIVEIRA ◽  
INES CHAMEL JOSÉ ◽  
NEWTON DENIZ PIOVESAN ◽  
SEBASTIÃO TAVARES DE REZENDE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Wound Response ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Lipoxygenase Pathway ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation ◽  
Initial Action ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Normal Genotype

Leaf lipoxygenases (LOX) are involved with important physiological processes such as plant growth and development, senescence, biosynthesis of regulatory molecules, and response to pathogens and insects. We did a biochemical evaluation of the LOX pathway of soybean leaves submitted to wounding in a normal genotype (IAC-100) and its counterpart lacking seed LOX (IAC-100 TN). Our results indicate that LOX activities in the different pHs and temperatures tended to be higher in the wounded plants compared to their respective controls. The K M app values at 168 h after wounding reached a minimum in both genotypes indicating that the plants respond by changing the leaf LOX pool. There was an increase on protease inhibitor levels in all time points after wounding, for both cultivars. The levels of hexanal and total aldehydes are similar for the wounded plants at different times after wounding and their respective controls for both genotypes. Our results strongly suggest that the LOX pathway is activated during the wound response leading to jasmonate by the initial action of hydroperoxide cyclase. In addition, the results show that the genetic removal of seed LOX does not interfere with the plant’s ability to respond to wound via the LOX pathway.

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