scholarly journals Physiological Implications of Hydrogen Sulfide in Plants: Pleasant Exploration behind Its Unpleasant Odour

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuping Jin ◽  
Yanxi Pei
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Systematic Classification ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence

Recently, overwhelming evidence has proven that hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which was identified as a gasotransmitter in animals, plays important roles in diverse physiological processes in plants as well. With the discovery and systematic classification of the enzymes producing H2Sin vivo, a better understanding of the mechanisms by which H2S influences plant responses to various stimuli was reached. There are many functions of H2S, including the modulation of defense responses and plant growth and development, as well as the regulation of senescence and maturation. Additionally, mounting evidence indicates that H2S signaling interacts with plant hormones, hydrogen peroxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and other molecules in signaling pathways.

scholarly journals Brassinosteroids and gibberellic acid: effects on in vitro pollen germination in grapevine

OENO One ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 303
Author(s):  
Zeliha Gokbayrak ◽  
Hakan Engin
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Grape Cultivars

<p style="text-align: justify;">Many physiological processes related to plant growth and development are under the influence of growth regulators, which also have an impact on pollen germination. In this study, the effects of two brassinosteroid compounds, epibrassinolide and 22S,23S-homobrassinolide, and gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) on <em>in vitro</em> pollen germination of two table grape cultivars, ‘Italia’ and ‘Cardinal’ (<em>Vitis vinifera</em> L.), were determined. A total of 28 treatments, alone and in combination, were applied to freshly collected pollens which were sown on a basic medium with 1% agar and 20% sucrose. Petri dishes were kept at 26±1°C for 24 hours. Counting of the germinated pollens revealed that the effects of these plant hormones were cultivar- and substance-specific. The cultivar ‘Italia’ was not influenced by the treatments (the highest germination ratio being 44.4% from 0.001 mg L<sup>-1</sup> epibrassinolide) as opposed to the cultivar ‘Cardinal’. The highest germination ratio in ‘Cardinal’ was about 50% in pollens treated with 25 mg L<sup>-1</sup> GA<sub>3</sub> + 0.01 mg L<sup>-1</sup> epibrassinolide. The control group resulted in 32.38% germination. Combining GA<sub>3</sub> with epibrassinolide provided slightly higher germination ratios compared to combining GA<sub>3</sub> with 22S,23S-homobrassinolide. </p>

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF LIGHT QUALITY ON ENDOGENOUS CYTOKININ LEVELS IN IPT-TRANSGENIC TOBACCO

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 756f-757
Author(s):  
Sandra B. Wilson ◽  
Dennis R. Decoteau
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nicotiana Plumbaginifolia ◽  
Zeatin Riboside ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Virus Promoter

Similarities exist between the effects of phytochrome and cytokinins on plant growth and development (e.g., chloroplast development, amaranthin synthesis, seed germination). It is unclear, however, if and how these two systems interact. The coaction between phytochrome and cytokinins was investigated by using Nicotiana plumbaginifolia plants transformed with the isopentenyl transferase (ipt) cytokinin gene and treated with end-of-day (EOD) red (R) and far-red (FR) light. The ipt gene was under control of either a constitutive cauliflower mosaic virus promoter (35S-plants) or an inducible, heat shock promoter (HS-plants). When treated with EOD FR light, whole plants were characterized by decreased chlorophyll concentrations and increased fresh weights. When treated with EOD R light, 35S-plants contained high concentrations of zeatin riboside (ZR) compared to plants treated with EOD FR light. When treated with EOD FR light, HS-plants contained high concentrations of ZR compared to plants treated with EOD R light. Both cytokinin responses were photoreversible. The reasons for the differences between the 35S- and HS-plant responses are not known. Results appear to implicate interactions between phytochrome and cytokinins in plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Comparing and Contrasting the Multiple Roles of Butenolide Plant Growth Regulators: Strigolactones and Karrikins in Plant Development and Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Yang ◽  
Yuke Lian ◽  
Chongying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
26S Proteasome ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Matter

Strigolactones (SLs) and karrikins (KARs) are both butenolide molecules that play essential roles in plant growth and development. SLs are phytohormones, with SLs having known functions within the plant they are produced in, while KARs are found in smoke emitted from burning plant matter and affect seeds and seedlings in areas of wildfire. It has been suggested that SL and KAR signaling may share similar mechanisms. The α/β hydrolases DWARF14 (D14) and KARRIKIN INSENSITIVE 2 (KAI2), which act as receptors of SL and KAR, respectively, both interact with the F-box protein MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 2 (MAX2) in order to target SUPPRESSOR OF MAX2 1 (SMAX1)-LIKE/D53 family members for degradation via the 26S proteasome. Recent reports suggest that SLs and/or KARs are also involved in regulating plant responses and adaptation to various abiotic stresses, particularly nutrient deficiency, drought, salinity, and chilling. There is also crosstalk with other hormone signaling pathways, including auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), cytokinin (CK), and ethylene (ET), under normal and abiotic stress conditions. This review briefly covers the biosynthetic and signaling pathways of SLs and KARs, compares their functions in plant growth and development, and reviews the effects of any crosstalk between SLs or KARs and other plant hormones at various stages of plant development. We also focus on the distinct responses, adaptations, and regulatory mechanisms related to SLs and/or KARs in response to various abiotic stresses. The review closes with discussion on ways to gain additional insights into the SL and KAR pathways and the crosstalk between these related phytohormones.

Abstract 843: Cardiomyocyte Overexpression of the Hydrogen Sulfide Producing Enzyme Cystathioine gamma-Lyase Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
John W Elrod ◽  
John W Calvert ◽  
Chi-Wing Chow ◽  
Joanna Morrison ◽  
Jeannette E Doeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Area At Risk ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion

Background : Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) was recently discovered to be an endogenously produced gaseous second messenger capable of modulating many physiological processes. We have previously demonstrated that administration of a H 2 S donor limits the extent of myocardial infarction. This prompted us to investigate the potential of endogenously generated H 2 S in acute cardioprotection utilizing mice with transgenic overexpression of an H 2 S producing enzyme. Methods: Mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of murine cystathionine γ-lyase (αMHC-CGL-Tg) were generated and analyzed for increased enzyme expression and H 2 S production utilizing a H 2 S specific polarographic electrode. αMHC-CGL-Tg and WT mice were then subjected to 45 min of in vivo LCA ischemia and 72 hr reperfusion and infarct size was evaluated using TTC staining. Results: αMHC-CGL-Tg mice displayed an increased level of myocardial CGL RNA, which translated into a (15 fold) increase in protein expression. This increase in CGL enzyme resulted in a significant (2 fold) increase in H 2 S production by myocardial homogenates of αMHC-CGL-Tg mice. αMHC-CGL-Tg mice were found to have a 47% reduction in infarct size per area-at-risk (INF/AAR) as compared to WT littermates. AAR was similar between both groups. Conclusions: This is the first evidence that overexpression of a H 2 S producing enzyme can decrease infarct size following MI-R injury. These findings demonstrate that modulation of endogenous H 2 S production may be of clinical benefit in ischemic disorders and that H 2 S generating enzymes may be viable therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Crosstalk with Jasmonic Acid Integrates Multiple Responses in Plant Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geupil Jang ◽  
Youngdae Yoon ◽  
Yang Do Choi
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Hormonal Responses ◽  
Environmental Responses

To date, extensive studies have identified many classes of hormones in plants and revealed the specific, nonredundant signaling pathways for each hormone. However, plant hormone functions largely overlap in many aspects of plant development and environmental responses, suggesting that studying the crosstalk among plant hormones is key to understanding hormonal responses in plants. The phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) is deeply involved in the regulation of plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, a growing number of studies suggest that JA plays an essential role in the modulation of plant growth and development under stress conditions, and crosstalk between JA and other phytohormones involved in growth and development, such as gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin, and auxin modulate various developmental processes. This review summarizes recent findings of JA crosstalk in the modulation of plant growth and development, focusing on JA–GA, JA–cytokinin, and JA–auxin crosstalk. The molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk are also discussed.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Hydrogen Sulfide and Other Signal Molecules Regulates Plant Growth and Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijuan Xuan ◽  
Jian Li ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Chongying Wang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Stomatal Movement ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
The Third

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), once recognized only as a poisonous gas, is now considered the third endogenous gaseous transmitter, along with nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). Multiple lines of emerging evidence suggest that H2S plays positive roles in plant growth and development when at appropriate concentrations, including seed germination, root development, photosynthesis, stomatal movement, and organ abscission under both normal and stress conditions. H2S influences these processes by altering gene expression and enzyme activities, as well as regulating the contents of some secondary metabolites. In its regulatory roles, H2S always interacts with either plant hormones, other gasotransmitters, or ionic signals, such as abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene, auxin, CO, NO, and Ca2+. Remarkably, H2S also contributes to the post-translational modification of proteins to affect protein activities, structures, and sub-cellular localization. Here, we review the functions of H2S at different stages of plant development, focusing on the S-sulfhydration of proteins mediated by H2S and the crosstalk between H2S and other signaling molecules.

scholarly journals MSD2, an apoplastic Mn-SOD, contributes to root skotomorphogenic growth by modulating ROS distribution in Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huize Chen ◽  
Jinsu Lee ◽  
Jung-Min Lee ◽  
Minsoo Han ◽  
Aurelia Emonet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Root Architecture ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Ros Metabolism

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play essential roles as a second messenger in various physiological processes in plants. Due to their oxidative nature, ROS can also be harmful. Thus, the generation and homeostasis of ROS are tightly controlled by multiple enzymes. Membrane-localized NADPH oxidases are well known to generate ROS during developmental and stress responses, but the metabolic pathways of the superoxide (O2⋅−) generated by them in the apoplast are poorly understood, and the identity of the apoplastic superoxide dismutase (SOD) is unknown in Arabidopsis. Here, we show that a putative manganese SOD, MSD2 is secreted and possesses a SOD activity that can be inhibited by nitration at tyrosine 68. The expression of MSD2 in roots is light condition-dependent, suggesting that MSD2 may act on ROS metabolism in roots during the light-to-dark transition. Root architecture is governed by ROS distribution that exhibits opposite gradient of H2O2 and O2⋅−, which is indeed altered in etiolated msd2 mutants and accompanied by changes in the onset of differentiation. These results provide a missing link in our understanding of ROS metabolism and suggest that MSD2 plays a role in root skotomorphogenesis by regulating ROS distribution, thereby playing a pivotal role in plant growth and development.

scholarly journals Exogenous salicylic acid treatments enhance tolerance to salinity of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plantlets

2010 ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
Cornelia Purcǎrea ◽  
Dorina Cachită ◽  
Adriana Petrus ◽  
Liviu Pop ◽  
Adriana Chis
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Exogenous Treatment ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid ◽  
Tolerance To Salinity

Salt stress, an abiotic stress, determines modifications of some biochemical indicators, like, antioxidant enzymes, proline (amino acidaccumulate in higher plants under salinity stress) content, and some physiological processes including: plant growth and development. Inthis paper we studied the influence of exogenous treatment of wheat seeds, with 0.1 mM salicylic acid (SA) solution, in the plant response tosalt stress. The treatment was applied by presoaking the seeds in the treatment solution for 12 hours before germination. The results showedthat exogenous 0.1 mM SA solution, administrated to the wheat cariopses significantly ameliorated the negative effect of salt stress in firstweek of germination in laboratory conditions.

A fluorescent turn-on H2S-responsive probe: design, synthesis and application

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (38) ◽  
pp. 9760-9766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufeng Zhang ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Dan Chen ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Probe Design ◽  
Signaling Molecule ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
The Third ◽  
Turn On ◽  
Physiological Processes

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is considered as the third signaling moleculein vivoand it plays an important role in various physiological processes and pathological processesin vivo, such as vasodilation, apoptosis, neurotransmission, ischemia/reperfusion-induced injury, insulin secretion and inflammation.

scholarly journals Advances in Pharmacological Activities of Terpenoids

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2090355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqiang Yang ◽  
Xu Chen ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Shaofen Guo ◽  
Zhen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Transdermal Absorption ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Potential Applications

Terpenoids, the most abundant compounds in natural products, are a set of important secondary metabolites in plants with diverse structures. Terpenoids play key roles in plant growth and development, response to the environment, and physiological processes. As raw materials, terpenoids were also widely used in pharmaceuticals, food, and cosmetics industries. Terpenoids possess antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial effects, promote transdermal absorption, prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, and have hypoglycemic activities. In addition, previous studies have also found that terpenoids have many potential applications, such as insect resistance, immunoregulation, antioxidation, antiaging, and neuroprotection. Terpenoids have a complex structure with diverse effects and different mechanisms of action. Activities and mechanisms of terpenoids were reviewed in this paper. The development and application prospect of terpenoid compounds were also prospected, which provides a useful reference for new drug discovery and drug design based on terpenoids.

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