Manufacturing Conflict? How Journalists Intervene in the Conflict Frame Building Process

A considerable amount of research is devoted to the presence and effects of conflict frames in the news. However, it is unknown if journalists actively manufacture and inflate conflict in their coverage of politics, or if they merely respond to contentious politics as it happens. This study focuses on the extent to which journalists take an interventionist stance in the conflict frame building process. We conducted expert interviews ( N = 16) among Dutch political journalists. Results show that journalists indeed take an active stance in conflict frame building. They contribute to the emergence of conflict frames by using exaggerating language, by orchestrating, and by amplifying possible consequences of political conflict. However, intervention in conflict framing is not merely a result of individual agency of journalists. Rather, some role conceptions seem to counter an interventionist stance. Media routines that are embedded in organizational practices were found to facilitate this active role in conflict framing. Finally, journalists are mainly found to be active when politicians or parties with political power are involved.

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The Role of National Diversity in Political Reform A Comparative Study between the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and the British Northern Ireland Region

10.21928/uhdiconfrpc.pp246-262 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tareq Kakarash ◽

Alnasir Doraid

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Ethnic Diversity ◽

Active Role ◽

Political Reform ◽

Political Conflict ◽

Careful Examination ◽

The Political ◽

Political Systems ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

The Difference

The issue of national diversity is considered one of the most important points in studying the development of political systems in our time. Many scholars and researchers have noticed that there is rarely a people or nation in the world today that does not possess different national or ethnic diversity, some of which succeed in forcibly obliterating them, which leads to its ignition and the division of nations and states. (As happened in the Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, the Eight State, the Empire of Austria-Hungary, etc.) and as it will happen in the future in other repressive countries, no matter how long their repression takes, and some of them succeed in preserving them through assimilation and understanding, as happened in Switzerland and a few other countries. While there are countries that have been striving for decades to arrange their national situations (such as India, Belgium and Spain), with varying degrees of success. The element of national diversity sometimes plays an active role in reforming the political system, and at other times this national diversity hinders the entire political reform. On the basis of the difference and contrast between the two models in terms of the degree of modernity and development, however, a careful examination of the two models confirms that they are not different to this degree. Only years (1998 in Britain and 2003 in Iraq) and the political conflict still exists in the two countries, leading to a final solution to this crisis.

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Contentious Episodes in the Age of Austerity

10.1017/9781009004367 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Great Recession ◽

Contentious Politics ◽

Political Conflict ◽

Event Analysis ◽

Middle Ground ◽

Narrative Approaches ◽

The Great Recession ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Research Questions ◽

New Research

Based on extensive data and analysis of sixty contentious episodes in twelve European countries, this book proposes a novel approach that takes a middle ground between narrative approaches and conventional protest event analysis. Looking particularly at responses to austerity policies in the aftermath of the Great Recession (2008–2015), the authors develop a rigorous conceptual framework that focuses on the interactions between three types of participants in contentious politics: governments, challengers, and third parties. This approach allows political scientists to map not only the variety of actors and actor coalitions that drove the interactions in the different episodes, but also the interplay of repression/concessions/support and of mobilization/cooperation/mediation on the part of the actors involved in the contention. The methodology used will enable researchers to answer old (and new) research questions related to political conflict in a way that is simultaneously attentive to conceptual depth and statistical rigor.

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Framing and Agenda Setting of the Day of Republika Srpska and its 2016 Referendum

Politics in Central Europe ◽

10.2478/pce-2021-0036 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 675-695

Author(s):

Nađa Beglerović ◽

Matthew T. Becker

Keyword(s):

Ethnic Groups ◽

Agenda Setting ◽

Contentious Politics ◽

Attribution Of Responsibility ◽

Western Balkans ◽

Frame Model ◽

Research Questions ◽

Republika Srpska ◽

Insight Into ◽

Conflict Frames

Abstract The purpose of this article is to explore broadsheet newspaper framing and agenda-setting of two events using the five-frame model developed by Semetko and Valkenburg (2000). This article provides insight into how the leading broadsheet newspaper within BiH’s Republika Srpska frames relationships between the three main ethnic groups and is the first such study to occur in BiH. By identifying and exploring the most common frames in Glas Srpske during the five-year period (from 31 December 2015 to 30 December 2020), the research is meant to answer the following research questions: How does Glas Srpske frame the conversation about it and portray the Day of Republika Srpska (RS) and Referendum of the RS Day? The results, which find Attribution of Responsibility and Conflict frames to be the more prevalent in Glas Srpske, illustrate contentious politics that reinforce differences between ethnic groups in BiH. These events and the controversial narrative surrounding them are relevant more than ever in the light of the recent non-paper ‘Western Balkans – A Way Forward’.

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Tweets That Matter: Reconsidering Journalistic Sourcing and Framing Processes in the Context of the #Grexit Debate

Journalism and Media ◽

10.3390/journalmedia1010009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 122-144

Author(s):

Andreas Kollias ◽

Fani Kountouri

Keyword(s):

News Media ◽

Negotiation Process ◽

Online Media ◽

High Stakes ◽

News Frames ◽

The Third ◽

Frame Building ◽

Building Process ◽

Economic Elites ◽

Twitter Messaging

This study explores the news media Twitter messaging on the issue of Grexit, as an exemplary case of transmediatisation of problems in highly polarized contexts. Our analysis focuses on media tweets (in English, French, Italian, and Greek) using the Grexit hashtag between March and July 2015. There are three main questions on the potential reshaping of journalistic sourcing and framing on Twitter. The first focuses on the milieu of actors used by media outlets as sources in the #Grexit debate, the second on the types of news frames that dominated #Grexit media tweets, and the third on how sourcing and news frames interact to construct a space of power positions. The above processes took shape within a close information system, which included politicians, media elites, and economic experts that marginalized alternative voices and critical perspectives. These findings indicate that mainstream news media normalized Twitter to fit their traditional sourcing and framing norms and practices. More specifically, our findings indicate the following: first, traditional sources and powerful economic actors get easier access to online media reporting on Twitter; second, the negative and episodic media-driven frames take the lead in the frame-building process; and third, the non-elite political and socially-driven frames are marginalized in the framing building process. The Twitter affordances were essentially normalized by media to fit into their understandings of the negotiation process as a high-stakes international politics and economic game with predetermined winners and losers. It is also likely that this normalization reflects the normalization of Twitter by powerful political and economic elites aiming to offer journalists on Twitter easy and instant access to their narratives.

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Role Legitimation in Foreign Policy: The Case of Indonesia as an Emerging Power under Yudhoyono's Presidency (2004–2014)

Foreign Policy Analysis ◽

10.1093/fpa/orab010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Moch Faisal Karim

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Political Discourse ◽

Active Role ◽

Southeast Asian ◽

The State ◽

Global Level ◽

Global Player ◽

Role Conceptions

Abstract This article analyzes how foreign policymakers legitimize their enactment of role conceptions to play a more active role at the global level toward a potentially reluctant domestic audience. In order to reduce the likelihood of domestic role contestation while at the same time subscribe toward ego and alter expectations, it is necessary for policymakers to legitimize role conceptions and their enactments toward domestic audiences. This article develops the notion of role legitimation to capture this process and puts forward two mechanisms through which role legitimation is performed. The first mechanism is the revival of roles from a specific period in time that is deeply entrenched as an inalienable historical feature of the state. The second one is the reproduction of the international expectations into the domestic political discourse. To illustrate the argument, this article utilizes the case of Indonesia's foreign policy during Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's Presidency (2004–2014), particularly its engagement at G20, its objective to make the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) a global player, and its agenda to promote democracy and moderate Islam at the global level.

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Indonesia’s National Role Conceptions: Continuity Amidst Regional Change

10.26686/wgtn.17005108.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Henning Borchers

Keyword(s):

Foreign Policy ◽

Active Role ◽

Intellectual Community ◽

Norms And Values ◽

Regional Leadership ◽

Protection Of Human Rights ◽

Role Conceptions ◽

Global Affairs ◽

External Powers ◽

National Role Conceptions

<p>This thesis analyses Indonesia's foreign policy in view of role conceptions held by the country's policy and intellectual community and their impact on policy behaviour at the ASEAN level. These role conceptions capture the ways decision-makers perceive Indonesia’s standing and influence in the region and beyond and include the country’s ‘independent and active’ foreign policy doctrine as well as widely held views of the country being a model democracy, a mediator and – increasingly – key actor in regional and global affairs. The research draws attention to how these notions shape Jakarta’s role in ASEAN Community-building and security regionalism. It focuses on a range of initiatives that emphasise ASEAN’s ‘liberal agenda’, including the ASEAN Charter and ASEAN’s approach to conflict resolution and the promotion and protection of human rights. In so doing, it critically reflects on Indonesia’s domestic performance, which stands in at times stark contrast to its agenda on the international stage. I argue that Indonesia’s commitment to promoting liberal norms and values in regional affairs is predominantly instrumental as it aims at consolidating ASEAN cohesion vis-à-vis the influence of external powers in order to advance the country’s regional leadership ambitions and desire to play a more active role at the global level.</p>

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Public Frame Building: The Role of Source Usage in Times of Crisis

Communication Research ◽

10.1177/0093650216644027 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 956-981 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Toni G. L. A. van der Meer

Keyword(s):

New Media ◽

Research Study ◽

Internal Factors ◽

The Public ◽

Source Selection ◽

Frame Building ◽

Building Process ◽

Use Of Information Sources ◽

Source Use

New media have markedly enhanced the public’s capacity to influence the framing of an issue, especially within crisis situations. By relying on research triangulation, this study aims to map the comprehensive frame-building process of the public as an understudied domain within framing and crisis research. Study 1 uses advanced automated content analyses of crisis-related tweets ( N = 252,711) to examine how the public built frames online with the use of information sources. Study 2 applies an innovative vignette study ( N = 772) to investigate the conditions that influence the public’s source selection during crises. The findings illustrate how the public uses sources to address certain frame functions and show that source usage is subject to external factors (i.e., crisis origin and magnitude) as well as internal factors (i.e., crisis involvement and habitual source use).

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Positing Cartesianism as an Ontology Within Science Education: Towards a More Response-Able Inheritance with Dr. Frédérique Apffel-Marglin

Unsettling Responsibility in Science Education ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-61299-3_6 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 211-268

Author(s):

Marc Higgins

Keyword(s):

Science Education ◽

Common Sense ◽

Active Role ◽

Expert Interviews ◽

Indigenous Science ◽

Multicultural Science Education ◽

To Come ◽

Political Economic

AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to archeologically dig into the historicity and operationalization of science education’s ontological inheritance: Cartesianism. Attention is brought to how Cartesianism plays, has played, and will play an active role in the (fore)closure of response-ability. To undertake this work, I draw from a series of expert interviews with Dr. Frédérique Apffel-Marglin that unpack the historical, geographical, political, economic, and religious forces of the “birth of modernity” and reveal the ways in which this “common sense” went from being uncommon to common and continues to persist. In turn, these insights are read, through the multicultural science education debate in order to (re)open the space for responsiveness therein. In thinking with Apffel-Marglin, it is argued that the making common of Cartesianism not only (fore)closes the possible possibilities for responding to Indigenous science to-come, but also to account for and be accountable to the ontology of WMS and what it produces.

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Analisis Peran Rusia sebagai Mediator dalam Penyelesaian Konflik Nagorno Karabakh Periode 2008-2016

Insignia Journal of International Relations ◽

10.20884/1.ins.2019.6.1.1479 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 64

Author(s):

Andhika Dewantara ◽

Muhammad Yamin

Keyword(s):

Active Role ◽

The State ◽

Peace Building ◽

Territorial Disputes ◽

Peace Agreement ◽

Sustainable Peace ◽

Building Process

The Nagorno Karabakh conflict is a conflict over territorial disputes that is synonymous with inter-Azerbaijan strife that adheres to the principle of integrating its territory in Nagorno Karabakh and Armenia which support the Nagorno Karabakh region and ethnic Armenians who are in it for independence from Azerbaijan. The dynamics of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia continue to unfold, and there has never been a sustainable peace agreement between the two parties in dispute since the peace agreement Bishkek (Bishkek Protocol) 1994. Along with the dynamics of the battle, Russia has a very active role in the mediation and peace-building process between the two parties in conflict. Russia's position as mediator is carried out within the official framework of the OSCE Minsk Group and in the personal initiation of the state in the medium of the trilateral meeting. This research will describe the dynamics of the Nagorno Karabakh conflict in the period 2008-2016 along with efforts to resolve disputes under the Russian role. Keywords : Nagorno Karabakh Conflict, Russia, Mediation, and Contigency Model

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