scholarly journals Particulated Cartilage for Chondral and Osteochondral Repair: A Review

Cartilage ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 194760352090475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjørn Borsøe Christensen ◽  
Morten Lykke Olesen ◽  
Kris Tvilum Chadwick Hede ◽  
Natasja Leth Bergholt ◽  
Casper Bindzus Foldager ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Osteochondral Repair ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Cartilage Injuries ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Particulated Cartilage

Introduction Injuries to articular cartilage have a poor spontaneous repair potential and no gold standard treatment exist. Particulated cartilage, both auto- and allograft, is a promising new treatment method that circumvents the high cost of scaffold- and cell-based treatments. Materials and Methods A comprehensive database search on particulated cartilage was performed. Results Fourteen animal studies have found particulated cartilage to be an effective treatment for cartilage injuries. Many studies suggest that juvenile cartilage has increased regenerative potential compared to adult cartilage. Sixteen clinical studies on 4 different treatment methods have been published. (1) CAIS, particulated autologous cartilage in a scaffold, (2) Denovo NT, juvenile human allograft cartilage embedded in fibrin glue, (3) autologous cartilage chips—with and without concomitant bone grafting, and (4) augmented autologous cartilage chips. Conclusion Implantation of allogeneic and autologous particulated cartilage provides a low cost and effective treatment alternative to microfracture and autologous chondrocyte implantation. The methods are promising, but large randomized controlled studies are needed.

scholarly journals Cartilage Injuries and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in the Wrist: A Review

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110219
Author(s):  
Jonny K. Andersson ◽  
Elisabet Hagert ◽  
Mats Brittberg
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Radius Fractures ◽  
Osteochondral Autograft ◽  
Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis ◽  
Osteochondral Repair ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Cartilage Injuries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
And Cartilage

Objective: Focal cartilage injuries, and posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) in the wrist are likely common and a cause of wrist pain. To estimate the incidence of cartilage lesions and to understand the pathomechanisms leading to wrist cartilage injuries and OA, a literature review on the subject was performed combined with a presentation of one of the authors’ own experience. Design: This study includes a literature review of the topic. As a comparison to the review findings, the observations of one of the authors’ consecutive 48 wrist arthroscopies, were assessed. PubMed, Scholar, and Cochrane databases were searched using the keywords “cartilage injury AND wrist AND treatment” and “wrist AND cartilage AND chondral AND osteochondral AND degenerative OA.” :Result A total of 11 articles, including 9 concerning chondral and osteochondral repair and treatment and 2 regarding posttraumatic OA, were retrieved. The cartilage repair treatments used in these articles were drilling, osteochondral autograft, juvenile articular cartilage allograft, and chondrocyte implantation. One article displayed concomitant cartilage injuries in displaced distal radius fractures in 32% of the patients. The review of our findings from a 1-year cohort of wrist arthroscopies showed 17% cartilage injuries. Conclusion: There is a lack of knowledge in current literature on cartilage injuries and treatment, as well as posttraumatic OA in the wrist. Cartilage injuries appear to be common, being found in 17% to 32% of all wrist arthroscopies after trauma, but no guidelines regarding conservative or surgical treatment can be recommended at the moment. Larger prospective comparative studies are needed.

scholarly journals Eighty Percent Survival of Resurfacing Implants in the Knee After 10 Years: A Nationwide Cohort Study on 379 Procedures from the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110309
Author(s):  
Bjørn B. Christensen ◽  
Anders El-Galaly ◽  
Jens Ole Laursen ◽  
Martin Lind
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Cartilage Repair ◽  
Knee Arthroplasty ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Secondary Osteoarthritis ◽  
Arthroplasty Registry ◽  
Cartilage Injuries

Objective Focal cartilage injuries are debilitating and difficult to treat. Biological cartilage repair procedures are used for patients younger than 40 years, and knee arthroplasties are generally reserved for patients older than 60 years. Resurfacing implants are well suited for patients in this treatment gap. The objective was to investigate the 10-year survival of resurfacing implants in the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry. Design In this retrospective cohort study, patients treated with resurfacing implants were followed longitudinally in the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry from 1997 to 2020. The primary endpoint was revision surgery. The survival of the resurfacing implants was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. Results A total of 379 resurfacing implant procedures were retrieved from the Danish Knee Arthroplasty Registry. The mean age and weight of patients were 50 years (SD = 11) and 84 kg (SD = 17), respectively. The indications for surgery were as follows: secondary osteoarthritis (42%), primary osteoarthritis (32%), and osteochondral lesions (20%). Within the follow-up period, 70 (19%) of the implants were revised to arthroplasties. The 1-, 5-, and 10-year revision-free survival estimation was 0.95 (95% CI 0.93-0.97), 0.84 (95% CI 0.80-0.88), and 0.80 (95% CI 0.75-0.84), respectively. The median time to revision was 2 years. Conclusion The 10-year revision-free survival rate for resurfacing implants was 80%. Based on the revision rates, this treatment offers a viable alternative to biological cartilage repair methods in patients aged 40 to 60 years with focal cartilage pathology. Improved patient selection could further improve the implant survival rate. Further studies are needed to investigate this treatment method.

scholarly journals Pulp Revascularization of Immature Permanent Teeth: A Review of the Literature and a Proposal of a New Clinical Protocol

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mélanie Namour ◽  
Stephanie Theys
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Method ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Clinical Protocol ◽  
Therapeutic Success ◽  
Immature Teeth ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Pulp Revascularization ◽  
Stimulation Of

Tissue engineering is a growing field. In the near future, it will probably be possible to generate a complete vital tooth from a single stem cell. Pulp revascularization is dependent on the ability of residual pulp and apical and periodontal stem cells to differentiate. These cells have the ability to generate a highly vascularized and a conjunctive rich living tissue. This one is able to colonize the available pulp space. Revascularization is a new treatment method for immature necrotic permanent teeth. Up to now, apexification procedures were applied for these teeth, using calcium dihydroxide or MTA to produce an artificial apical barrier. However, the pulp revascularization allows the stimulation of the apical development and the root maturation of immature teeth. Two pulp revascularization techniques are used in the literature, one using calcium dihydroxide and the second using a triple antibiotic paste. Based on these two different pulp revascularization protocols, which obtain the desired therapeutic success, the literature will be reviewed and analyzed according to the relevance of their choice of materials. Based on the literature, we propose a new relevant protocol and a new mixture of antibiotics.

scholarly journals Gold Extraction from Cyanidation Tailing Using Microwave Chlorination Roasting Method

Metals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhu ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Haoyu Li ◽  
Shaohua Yin ◽  
Sivasankar Koppala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Field ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Gold Extraction ◽  
Microwave Roasting ◽  
Gold Mines ◽  
Chlorination Roasting ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Gold Industry

At present, gold mines are increasingly scarce in the world. The yield of cyanidation tailing (CT) of refractory gold ores with a grade of 10 g/T is huge; however, the effective capitalization of the cyanidation tailing is a significant problem in the gold industry. In this work, a new treatment method, a microwave-roasting process developed. The effect of roasting temperature, calcium chloride concentration, holding time and mineral size on the recovery of Au researched under conventional and microwave conditions. It found that, under the same processing conditions, the Au recovery in the microwave field is much higher than that of conventional conditions. The preliminary reinforcing role of the microwave discussed in the recovery of gold. This might be because of the microwave absorption ability of CaCl2 is much better, heated quickly and the reactions intensified among CaCl2, O2, and H2O. As a result, the extraction of gold in CT drastically increased in the microwave field, and the microwave roasting technology shows the characteristics of environmental protection in terms of low energy consumption and high efficiency.

scholarly journals Development of an Immune-Related Gene Signature for Prognosis in Melanoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-An Zhang ◽  
Xu-Yue Zhou ◽  
Dan Huang ◽  
Chao Luan ◽  
Heng Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Cell Infiltration ◽  
Venn Diagram ◽  
Immune Cell Infiltration ◽  
Tumor Purity ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Immune Related Genes

Melanoma remains a potentially deadly malignant tumor. The incidence of melanoma continues to rise. Immunotherapy has become a new treatment method and is widely used in a variety of tumors. Original melanoma data were downloaded from TCGA. ssGSEA was performed to classify them. GSVA software and the "hclust" package were used to analyze the data. The ESTIMATE algorithm screened DEGs. The edgeR package and Venn diagram identified valid immune-related genes. Univariate, LASSO and multivariate analyses were used to explore the hub genes. The "rms" package established the nomogram and calibrated the curve. Immune infiltration data were obtained from the TIMER database. Compared with that of samples in the high immune cell infiltration cluster, we found that the tumor purity of samples in the low immune cell infiltration cluster was higher. The immune score, ESTIMATE score and stromal score in the low immune cell infiltration cluster were lower. In the high immune cell infiltration cluster, the immune components were more abundant, while the tumor purity was lower. The expression levels of TIGIT, PDCD1, LAG3, HAVCR2, CTLA4 and the HLA family were also higher in the high immune cell infiltration cluster. Survival analysis showed that patients in the high immune cell infiltration cluster had shorter OS than patients in the low immune cell infiltration cluster. IGHV1-18, CXCL11, LTF, and HLA-DQB1 were identified as immune cell infiltration-related DEGs. The prognosis of melanoma was significantly negatively correlated with the infiltration of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils and macrophages. In this study, we identified immune-related melanoma core genes and relevant immune cell subtypes, which may be used in targeted therapy and immunotherapy of melanoma.

scholarly journals Implantation and Retrieval of Magnetic Nanobots for Treatment of Endodontic Re-Infection in Human Dentine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debayan Dasgupta ◽  
Shanmukh Srinivas Peddi ◽  
Deepak K. Saini ◽  
Ambarish Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Dentinal Tubules ◽  
Current State ◽  
Human Dentine ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Drive

<div> <div> <div> <p>More than 10% of root canal treatments undergo failure worldwide due to remnant bacteria deep in the dentinal tubules located within the dentine tissue of human teeth. Owing to the complex and narrow geometry of the tubules, current techniques relying on passive diffusion of anti-bacterial agents are inadequate. Here, we present a new treatment method using actively maneuvered nanobots, which can be incorporated during standard root canal procedure. Our technique will enable dentists to execute procedures inside the dentine not yet possible by current state of the art. We demonstrate that magnetically driven nanobots can reach the depths of the tubules up to hundred times faster than current clinical practices. Subtle modifications of the magnetic drive allowed deep implantation of the nanobots isotopically distributed throughout the dentine, along with spatially controlled retrieval from selected areas. Finally, we demonstrate the integration of bactericidal therapeutic modality with the nanobots, thereby validating the tremendous potential of nanobots in dentistry, and nanomedicine in general. </p> </div> </div> </div>

scholarly journals Senolytic Peptide FOXO4-DRI Selectively Removes Senescent Cells From in vitro Expanded Human Chondrocytes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuzhao Huang ◽  
Yuchen He ◽  
Meagan J. Makarcyzk ◽  
Hang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Cartilage Tissue ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chondrocyte Implantation ◽  
Cartilage Injuries ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Articular Cartilage Injuries

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a procedure used to treat articular cartilage injuries and prevent the onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. In vitro expansion of chondrocytes, a necessary step in ACI, results in the generation of senescent cells that adversely affect the quality and quantity of newly formed cartilage. Recently, a senolytic peptide, fork head box O transcription factor 4-D-Retro-Inverso (FOXO4-DRI), was reported to selectively kill the senescent fibroblasts. In this study, we hypothesized that FOXO4-DRI treatment could remove the senescent cells in the expanded chondrocytes, thus enhancing their potential in generating high-quality cartilage. To simulate the in vitro expansion for ACI, chondrocytes isolated from healthy donors were expanded to population doubling level (PDL) 9, representing chondrocytes ready for implantation. Cells at PDL3 were also used to serve as the minimally expanded control. Results showed that the treatment of FOXO4-DRI removed more than half of the cells in PDL9 but did not significantly affect the cell number of PDL3 chondrocytes. Compared to the untreated control, the senescence level in FOXO4-DRI treated PDL9 chondrocytes was significantly reduced. Based on the result from standard pellet culture, FOXO4-DRI pre-treatment did not enhance the chondrogenic potential of PDL9 chondrocytes. However, the cartilage tissue generated from FOXO4-DRI pretreated PDL9 cells displayed lower expression of senescence-relevant secretory factors than that from the untreated control group. Taken together, FOXO4-DRI is able to remove the senescent cells in PDL9 chondrocytes, but its utility in promoting cartilage formation from the in vitro expanded chondrocytes needs further investigation.

Metody leczenia endodontycznego zębów stałych z niezakończonym rozwojem wierzchołków korzenia – rewaskularyzacja, 12-miesięczna obserwacja. Część II

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Pazera ◽  
Magdalena Piechota-Urbańska ◽  
Patrycja Proc ◽  
Joanna Szczepańska
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Modern Method ◽  
Endodontic Treatment ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Healing ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
Radiological Image ◽  
Irreversible Pulpitis

Introduction. Apexogenesis is the process of shaping the root for 3 years after the appearance of the crown in the oral cavity. The condition for continuing this process is to preserve the vitality of the tooth. Injury, caries or disorders of the anatomical structure may cause necrosis or irreversible pulpitis. The assumption of endodontic treatment of immature permanent teeth is to create a mineralized barrier closing the lumen of the canal (apexification) or continuing the development of the root (revascularization). Regeneration of the pulpo-dentinal complex allows for the increase of root length, thickening of its walls and narrowing of the apical hole. This can be achieved by a new treatment method – revascularization. The advantage of this therapeutic method is to avoid all the defects arising after endodontic treatment with the use of apexification, i.e. tooth brittleness, susceptibility to root fracture, discoloration of the tooth tissue. Aim. The aim of the study was to evaluate the modern method of treatment of necrosis or irreversible pulpitis in immature permanent teeth by revascularization in the aspect of tissue healing, regeneration of the pulp-dentinal complex, thickness growth and the length of the root walls. Material and methods. The study was conducted among 7 children aged 7-12, including 3 girls and 2 boys. Revascularization was performed in 7 teeth. The study involved 6 central incisors and 1 premolars. During the treatment, polyurethane paste and MTA were used. The control group consisted of patients who were tested using MTA due to the inability to perform revascularization. 23 patients aged 7-13 were qualified to the control group. Control tests were carried out after 3, 6, 12 months after treatment. The clinical condition of the tooth and the radiological image were evaluated. Results. Radiological examination was crucial in assessing the effectiveness of the revascularization procedure. It confirmed the decrease of periapical lesions, increase in root length, root wall thickness and closing of the apical hole. During the clinical examination, the subjective feelings of the patient, discoloration of the tooth's tissues, reaction to tapping, tooth mobility, depth of the gingival pocket, tenderness of the appendage and tightness of the final filling were controlled. The obtained results were compared with the control group. Conclusions. Revascularization is a promising treatment for immature permanent teeth due to the increase in the length of the root and the thickness of its walls. As a result, the teeth after treatment are more durable and are better for long-term maintenance in the mouth. The procedure of revascularization has some limitations at the stage of patient’s qualification for the procedure. If it is not possible to perform this procedure, the alternative is to apexify using MTA.

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