Isocyanate Modification of Wood Fiber in Enhancing the Performance of its Composites with High Density Polyethylene

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fereshteh Arjmand ◽  
Mohammad Barmar ◽  
Mehdi Barikani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Wood Fiber ◽  
Cetyl Alcohol ◽  
Toluene Diisocyanate ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Chemical Treatments

This study is focused on the modification of wood fiber by using a reactive diisocyanate (toluene diisocyanate, TDI) linker to couple wood fiber with cetyl alcohol and the investigation of its effects on mechanical properties of wood fiber–HDPE composites. The reaction of TDI with wood fiber and then cetyl alcohol resulted in the formation of new urethane bonds assessed by FTIR analysis. Therefore, TDI ended cetyl alcohol was used as a coupling agent in the preparation of wood fiber/ HDPE composite. The outcomes showed that the addition of such coupling agents resulted in greater reinforcement of composites, as indicated by the improvement in mechanical properties. Tensile strength of prepared composites increased by almost 64%, whereas 47% increase in flexural strength and 113% increase in impact properties was observed. However, the moisture absorption of the composites decreased by about 43%. All chemically treated composites showed lower moisture uptake than the untreated composites. This may be due to chemical treatment of wood fiber which reduces its hydrophilicity. These chemical treatments promote interfacial adhesion of fiber and HDPE matrix. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed the improved morphology of the fractured surfaces of composites.

scholarly journals Physical and Chemical Modifications of Plant Fibres for Reinforcement in Cementitious Composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ahmad ◽  
R. Hamid ◽  
S. A. Osman
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cementitious Composites ◽  
Chemical Surface ◽  
Plant Fibre ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Fibre Matrix

This paper highlights the physical and chemical surface modifications of plant fibre (PF) for attaining suitable properties as reinforcements in cementitious composites. Untreated PF faces insufficient adhesion between the fibres and matrix due to high levels of moisture absorption and poor wettability. These conditions accelerate degradation of the fibre in the composite. It is also essential to reduce the risk of hydrophilic PF conditions with surface modification, to enhance the mechanical properties of the fibres. Fibres that undergo chemical and physical modifications had been proven to exhibit improved fibre-matrix interfacial adhesion in the composite and contribute to better composite mechanical properties. This paper also gives some recommendations for future research on chemical and physical modifications of PF.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the mechanical characteristics of hygrothermally aged 2-D basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid interply composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 2070 (1) ◽  
pp. 012234
Author(s):  
Yogeesha Pai ◽  
Dayananda Pai K ◽  
M Vijaya Kini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Temperature Ageing ◽  
Saturation Absorption

Abstract Polymer composites used in outdoor applications are exposed to environmental factors such as temperature and moisture which may affect the mechanical performance of the composites. In this study, the influence of moisture absorption on the mechanical properties of basalt-aramid/epoxy hybrid interply composites were evaluated. Two different types hybrid interply composites were taken for the investigation namely (301 A/03 B/301 A) and (451 A/03B/451 A). Composites were prepared using compression molding process and cut specimens were subjected to three different ageing environments for 180 days. Selected ageing conditions are, (i) ambient temperature ageing (ii) Sub-zero temperature ageing (−10°C) and (iii) Humid temperature ageing (40°C and 60% Relative humidity). Mechanical tests of the aged composites were carried out to analyse the behaviour of the composites. Moisture uptake of the specimens follow Fick’s law of diffusion with saturation absorption of 5.44%, 3.12% and 1.80% for ambient, sub-zero and humid specimens respectively. Results revealed that (301 a/03 B/301 a) aged composites possess higher mechanical properties compared to (451 a/03 B/451 a) aged composites. Highest reduction in properties were observed in ambient aged specimens followed by humid and sub-zero specimens. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to observe the damage modes of the fractured specimens. Matrix deterioration, micro cracks and fibre fracture were the major types of failures observed in aged laminates.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance and Moisture Absorption of Unidirectional Bamboo Fiber Polyester Composite

2018 ◽  
Vol 911 ◽  
pp. 88-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Nabinejad ◽  
Sujan Debnath ◽  
Jack Kai Beh ◽  
Mohammad Yeakub Ali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Bamboo Fiber ◽  
Synthetic Fiber ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Bamboo Fibers

Bamboo fibers as a natural fiber offer numerous advantages such as high specific strength over synthetic fiber when used as reinforcing fiber for polymer composites. Yet the hydrophilic nature of bamboo fibers with high moisture absorption results in incompatibility in between bamboo fibers and unsaturated polyester resin. An experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of alkali treatment of bamboo fiber on the mechanical properties and water sorption properties of polyester composite. The result revealed that, the bamboo fiber polyester composite with 5% Alkali treated bamboo fiber possesses the highest mechanical properties. Besides, Alkali treated fibers composite showed a significant reduction in moisture uptake compared to untreated fibers, where composite with 7% Alkali treated showed the lowest moisture uptake.

Review on effect of chemical, thermal, additive treatment on mechanical properties of basalt fiber and their composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 205-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naman Jain ◽  
Vinay Kumar Singh ◽  
Sakshi Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Moisture Uptake ◽  
Non Thermal Plasma ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Corrosive Resistance ◽  
Additive Treatment

AbstractBasalt fiber is emerging out the new reinforcing material for composites. To overcome some of the disadvantages of fibers such as poor bonding to polymers, low thermal stability and high moisture absorption fiber characteristics are modified with chemical, thermal and additive treatments. Chemical treatment corrosive resistance to alkali and acid were investigated which were used to clean and modify the surface of fiber for higher bonding with resins. To improve the thermal stability and reduce moisture uptake thermal treatment such as plasma and non thermal plasma were used which increased the surface roughness and change the chemical composition of surface of basalt fiber. Additive treatment is used to improve the mechanical properties of fibers, in basalt fiber additive treatment was done with SiO2 additive because of its chemical composition which contains major content of SiO2. In present investigation review on the effect of different treatment such as chemical, thermal and additive were studied. Effect of these treatment on chemical composition of the surface of basalt fiber and corrosion to acidic and alkali solution were studied with their effect on mechanical properties of basalt fiber and their composite.

Effect of Two-Step Treatments on Interfacial and Mechanical Properties of Sugarcane Rind Fiber/Natural Latex Biodegradable Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 106-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Yan Chen ◽  
Shi Yan Chen ◽  
Hai Xia Xin ◽  
Hua Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Biodegradable Composites ◽  
One Step ◽  
Treated Fiber ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Sugarcane rind fiber/natural latex biodegradable composites were prepared by compounding natural latex with sugarcane rind fiber as reinforcing filler. We selected three chemical solvents, including sodium hydroxide (NaOH), silane (KH550) and acrylic acid (AA), and used one-step or two-step treatment method to improve the interfacial adhesion between sugarcane rind fiber and natural latex matrix. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to characterize the chemical composition change at the sugarcane rind fiber surface structure by the chemical treatments. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) results showed that the interfacial adhesion and dispersion of the composites based on two-step treated fiber were improved. The mechanical properties of these biodegradable composites were evaluated, which showed an increase of the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites based on two-step treated fiber compared to those based on untreated fiber.

scholarly journals Studies on Glass Fiber-Reinforced Poly(Ethylene-Grafted-Styrene)-Based Cation Exchange Membrane Composite

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 5597
Author(s):  
Di Huang ◽  
Zhichao Chen ◽  
Jiann-Yang Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cation Exchange ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
Poly Ethylene

To improve interfacial adhesion between glass fiber (GF) and poly(ethylene-grafted-styrene)-based cation exchange membranes (CEM), GF was modified by four coupling agents: [3-(Methacryloxy)propyl] trimethoxy silane (3-MPS), 1,6-bis (trimethoxysilyl) hexane (1,6 bis), Poly(propylene-graft-maleic anhydride) (PP-g-MA) and Triethoxyvinylsilane (TES). The results indicated the addition of modified GF increased tensile strength, tensile modulus, storage modulus and interfacial adhesion of GF/CEM composite but degraded the strains. The composite with 3-MPS modified GF obtained superior mechanical properties and interfacial adhesion, whereas the modified effect of TES was inconspicuous. The addition of unmodified GF even had negative effects on GF/CEM mechanical properties. The field emission scanning electron microscopes (FE-SEM) showed that the GF treated by 3-MPS and PP-g-MA have better compatibility with the CEM matrix than 1,6 bis and TES-treated GF. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) verified that the strengthening effects from modified GF were attributed to the formation of Si-O-Si and Si-O-C bonds. The additions of modified GF in CEM positively influence water uptake ability but negatively influence ion exchange capacity (IEC). This research provided a way of strengthening GF/CEM composite and pointed out which functional groups included in coupling agents could be useful to GF-reinforced composite.

scholarly journals Chemically Functionalized Cellulose Nanocrystals as Reactive Filler in Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 2556
Author(s):  
Francesca Coccia ◽  
Liudmyla Gryshchuk ◽  
Pierluigi Moimare ◽  
Ferdinando de Luca Bossa ◽  
Chiara Santillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Cellulose Nanocrystals ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Polyurethane Foams ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Efficient Coupling ◽  
Flexible Polyurethane ◽  
Pu Foams

Cellulose Nanocrystals, CNC, opportunely functionalized are proposed as reactive fillers in bio-based flexible polyurethane foams to improve, mainly, their mechanical properties. To overcome the cellulose hydrophilicity, CNC was functionalized on its surface by linking covalently a suitable bio-based polyol to obtain a grafted-CNC. The polyols grafted with CNC will react with the isocyanate in the preparation of the polyurethane foams. An attractive way to introduce functionalities on cellulose surfaces in aqueous media is silane chemistry by using functional trialkoxy silanes, X-Si (OR)3. Here, we report the synthesis of CNC-grafted-biopolyol to be used as a successful reactive filler in bio-based polyurethane foams, PUFs. The alkyl silanes were used as efficient coupling agents for the grafting of CNC and bio-polyols. Four strategies to obtain CNC-grafted-polyol were fine-tuned to use CNC as an active filler in PUFs. The effective grafting of the bio polyol on CNC was evaluated by FTIR analysis, and the amount of grafted polyol by thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, the morphological, thermal and mechanical properties and hydrophobicity of filled PUFs were thoughtfully assessed as well as the structure of the foams and, in particular, of the edges and walls of the cell foams by means of the Gibson–Ashby model. Improved thermal stability and mechanical properties of PU foams containing CNC-functionalized-polyol are observed. The morphology of the PU foams is also influenced by the functionalization of the CNC.

scholarly journals The Characterization of Mechanical Properties of Jute/PLA Composites with Modified Nano Sio2 by Coupling Agent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueyang Song ◽  
Cuicui Fang ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Ping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Application Prospects

Abstract Although fibers-reinforced PLA composites show strong application prospects, their low mechanical properties limit their applications to some extent. In this paper, nano-SiO2 particles as well as modified nano SiO2 by coupling agents which can efficiently improve the strength and toughness of composite materials are introduced into the PLA matrix. The bending, stretching and thermal properties of designed jute/PLA nonwoven composites were studied. The study shows that the nano-SiO2 particles are beneficial for the interface performance between the PLA matrix and jute leading to improvement in the mechanical property and thermal stability. Moreover, thermomechanical properties indicate that the addition of SiO2 can improve the jute/PLA interfacial adhesion and increase the glass transition temperature of the material. Finally, toughening mechanism of nano-SiO2 particles in the jute/PLA composite was analyzed.

scholarly journals Effect of Mercerization/Alkali Surface Treatment of Natural Fibres and Their Utilization in Polymer Composites: Mechanical and Morphological Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
Deepak Verma ◽  
Kheng Lim Goh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Soil Pollution ◽  
Polymer Composite ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Morphological Studies

Environmental pollution, such as air, water, and soil pollution, has become the most serious issue. Soil pollution is a major concern as it generally affects the lands and makes them non-fertile. The main cause of soil pollution is agro-waste. It may be possible to mitigate the agro-waste pollution by re-utilizing this agro-waste, namely natural fibres (NFs), by blending into polymer-based material to reinforce the polymer composite. However, there are pros and cons to this approach. Consequently, the polymer composite materials fabricated using NFs are inferior to those polymer composites that are reinforced by, e.g., carbon or glass fibres from the mechanical properties’ perspectives. The limitations of utilizing natural fibres in polymer matrix are their high moisture absorption, resulting in high swelling rate and degradation, inferior resistance to fire and chemical, and inferior mechanical properties. In particular, the NF polymer composites exhibit inferior interfacial adhesion between the fibre and the matrix, which, if improved, ultimately overcome all the listed limitations and improve the mechanical properties of the developed composites. To improve the interfacial adhesion leading to the enhancement of the mechanical properties, optimum chemical treatment such as Alkalization/Mercerization of the fibres have been explored. This article discusses the Mercerization/Alkali surface treatment method for NFs and its effects on the fibres regarding the Mercerization/Alkali surface treatment method for NFs and its effect on the fibres regarding their utilization in the polymer composites, the morphological features, and mechanical properties of composites.

Coupling Agents Effect on Properties of Straw/HDPE Composites and Mechanism Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1797-1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi Ming Hu ◽  
Min Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Microstructure Change ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Better Than ◽  
Properties Of Composites

The recycling of crop straw and waste plastic related to environmental pollution control and improvement.In this paper,we study the effects of different kinds of coupling agents on the mechanical properties and the microstructure change of the composite; MAPP、MAPE and TSZ as the coupling agent to enhance the interfacial adhesion between straw fiber and HDPE. The results indicate that: Coupling agents can modify the Straw/HDPE composites’ combined state of the two phases interfaces. MAPE can improve the mechanical properties of composites better than MAPP. Adding TSZ would suppression the two interfaces combination of HDPE and straw, depress the mechanical properties.DMA shows that adding MAPE in the composites, the storage modulus and glass transition temperature increased, the damping performance decreased. SEM shows that after adding MAPE the combination of composites have significantly improved.

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