scholarly journals Prevalence of non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Papua New Guinea: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 205031212097384
Author(s):  
Patricia Rarau ◽  
Shuaijun Guo ◽  
Shaira Nicole Baptista ◽  
Justin Pulford ◽  
Barbara McPake ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Introduction: The mortality associated with non-communicable diseases has increased significantly in most countries in the World Health Organization Western Pacific Region over the last 20 years, as have the underlying risk factors. This study aimed to collate evidence on the prevalence of four major non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Papua New Guinea in order to inform appropriate policy for their prevention and management. Methods: We performed a systematic review of Papua New Guinea-based population prevalence studies of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancers, as well as non-communicable disease risk factors published before 2016. Five online databases were searched and screened against eligibility criteria according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: A total of 57 articles were included in this review, most of which (n = 48) were published prior to 2000. Eleven articles reported on diabetes, six reported on chronic lung disease/asthma, two reported on cardiovascular diseases, and two reported cancer as the primary outcome, while the remaining 36 papers reported non-communicable disease risk factors. Conclusion: This review demonstrated variations in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (0%–19%) and their risk factors (0%–80.6%) attributed to the lifestyle and genetic diversity of the Papua New Guinea population. There is a strong suggestion that the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus) and key non-communicable disease risk factors (hypertension, overweight, and obesity) has increased, but there is a lack of recent data. As such, there is an urgent need for new and up-to-date data in all areas of Papua New Guinea.

scholarly journals Macrolevel Association of COVID-19 with Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factors in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Gaur ◽  
RS Khedar ◽  
Kishore Mangal ◽  
Arvind K Sharma ◽  
Rajinder K Dhamija ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
State Level ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
List Type ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

ABSTRACTObjectiveGreater COVID-19 related mortality has been reported among persons with various non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We performed an ecological study to determine the association of state-level cases and deaths with NCD risk factors and healthcare and social indices.MethodsWe obtained cumulative national and state-level data on COVID-19 cases and deaths from publicly available database www.covid19india.org from February to end November 2020. To identify association with major NCD risk factors, NCDs, healthcare related and social variables we obtained data from public sources. Association was determined using univariate and multivariate statistics.ResultsMore than 9.5 million COVID-19 cases and 135,000 deaths have been reported in India at end November 2020. There is significant positive correlation (Pearson’s r) of state-level COVID-19 cases and deaths per million, respectively, with NCD risk factors- obesity (0.64, 0.52), hypertension (0.28, 0.16), diabetes (0.66, 0.46), literacy, NCD epidemiological transition index (0.58, 0.54) and ischemic heart disease mortality (0.22, 0.33). Correlation is also observed with indices of healthcare access and quality (0.71, 0.61), urbanization (0.75, 0.73) and human (0.61, 0.56) and sociodemographic (0.70, 0.69) development. Multivariate adjusted analyses shows strong correlation of COVID-19 burden and deaths with NCD risk factors (r2=0.51, 0.43), NCDs (r2=0.32, 0.16) and healthcare related factors (r2=0.52, 0.38).ConclusionsCOVID-19 disease burden and mortality in India is ecologically associated with greater state-level burden of NCDs and risk factors, especially obesity and diabetes.KEY MESSAGESThere is significant state-level variability in COVID-19 cases and deaths in India.In a macrolevel statistical analysis we find that Indian states with better human and sociodemographic indices, more literacy, longer age, greater burden of non-communicable diseases and risk factors have greater COVID-19 case burden and mortality.Non-communicable disease risk factors- obesity and diabetes are the most important determinants on multivariate analyses.

scholarly journals Healthcare Professionals’ Perceptions of Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factors and Its Regional Distribution in Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melkamu Dugassa Kassa ◽  
Jeanne Grace
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Regional Distribution ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Unhealthy Diet ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

INTRODUCTION: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are increasing as the main cause of death, disability, unproductivity and indisposition in Ethiopia.OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to establish healthcare professionals’ perception on non-communicable disease risk factors and their regional distribution in Ethiopia.METHODS: A mixed method sequential explanatory design was conducted with a questionnaire survey obtaining quantitative replies from 312 healthcare professionals working in 13 referral hospitals in the first phase and qualitative data among 13 hospital managers in the second phase.RESULTS: Statistically significant prevalence of NCDs risk factors were reported with the lack of physical exercise (M=4.94, SD=.245, t (311) = 139.383; p < .0005), hypertension (M=4.89, SD=.312, t (311) = 107.021; p < .0005), and unhealthy diet (M=4.61, SD=.782, t (311) = 36.426; p < .0005) ranking as the top three leading NCDs risk factors. The prevalence and distribution of NCDs risk factors varied within Ethiopia, with a high perceived prevalence of lack of physical exercise, unhealthy diet, alcohol use, and blood glucose in Addis Ababa city followed by Amhara region. A high prevalence of tobacco use and hypertension was also observed in the regions of Benishangul Gumuz.CONCLUSION: The results revealed that the prevalence of NCDs risk factors are increasing in different regions of Ethiopia. Regionally specific non-communicable disease intervention strategies are required to revert the growing burden of the risk factors effectively.

scholarly journals Prevalence of non-communicable disease risk factors in three sites across Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e000221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rarau ◽  
Gwendalyn Vengiau ◽  
Hebe Gouda ◽  
Suparat Phuanukoonon ◽  
Isi H Kevau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

An Education Driven Model for Non-Communicable Diseases Care

2016 ◽  
pp. 391-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábio Pittoli ◽  
Henrique Damasceno Vianna ◽  
Jorge Luis Victória Barbosa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Bayesian Networks ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Treatment Recommendations ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Patients with chronic diseases should be made aware of their planned treatments as well as being kept informed of the progress of those treatments. The Chronic Prediction model was designed not only to educate patients and assist them with some chronic non-communicable disease, but to control the risk factors that affect their diseases. The model utilizes Bayesian networks to map three things: to identify the cause and effect relationships among existing risk factors; to provide treatment recommendations about these risk factors and; to aid caregivers in the treatment of the patients.

scholarly journals Tomato Role on Seven Deadliest Non-Communicable Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 1295-1308
Author(s):  
Lathifah Dzakiyyah Zulfa ◽  
Dessyani Salim ◽  
Abigail Tirza Melia Silalahi ◽  
Sharon Levita Hutapea ◽  
Margaretha Maria Odilia Natasha
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Non-communicable diseases such as ischemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, Alzheimer, diabetes melitus, and kidney disease are leading causes of death in the world. There are many risk factors which can contribute to non-communicable diseases such as dietary. Vegetable consumption such as tomato may lower risk factors to non-communicable diseases because of its active ingredient, lycopene, retinol, alpha tomatine, and tomatidine. In this study, authors aim to explain the mechanism of tomato’s active compound in lowering risk factors of non-communicable disease based on biomarker found on each disease collected from recent epidemiological, in silico, in vitro, and in vivo researches. Lycopene and retinol have proven in reducing ischemic heart disease and stroke because of its anti-atherogenic properties and anti-inflammatory effect. Anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of lycopene also proven in lowering risk factors of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases by modulate reverse cholesterol transport, so cholesterol homeostasis is created. In lung cancer, lycopene and other bioactive compound such as α-tomatine and tomatidine also have an anti-proliferative effect by interacting with Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Its ability to reduce the final product of lipid peroxidation level makes lycopene lower Alzheimer risk factor. There is much more function of tomato’s active coumpound although pure tomato has contradictive effect on some disease.

scholarly journals Deteksi Dini Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular Pada Masyarakat Desa Andepali Kecamatan Sampara Kabupaten Konawe

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
I Putu Sudayasa ◽  
Muhammad Fathur Rahman ◽  
Amiruddin Eso ◽  
Jamaluddin Jamaluddin ◽  
Parawansah Parawansah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Diseases

ABSTRAKPenyakit tidak menular (PTM) merupakan penyakit yang tidak ditularkan dan tidak ditransmisikan kepada orang lain dengan bentuk kontak apapun, menyebabkan kematian dan membunuh sekitar 35 juta manusia setiap tahunnya, atau 60% dari seluruh kematian secara global, dengan 80% pervalensi pada negara berkembang. Penyakit tidak menular, khususnya penyakit kardiovaskuler, kanker, penyakit pernapasan kronis, dan diabetes merupakan ancaman utama bagi kesehatan dan perkembangan manusia saat ini. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat yang terintegrasi kuliah kerja nyata (KKN) Tematik, untuk mendeteksi faktor risiko penyakit tidak menular, pada masyarakat Kecamatan Sampara, Kabupaten Konawe. Metode kegiatan berupa penyuluhan kesehatan, pemeriksaan tekanan darah, kadar kolesterol, gula darah sewaktu dan asam urat. Telah dilakukan skrining dan deteksi dini fator risiko penyakit tidak menular terhadap 67 orang responden, meliputi 14 laki–laki dan 53 perempuan. Pada hasil pemeriksaan tekanan darah, didapatkan jumlah yang mengalami hipertensi 28,35 %, normotensi 67,16, dan hipotensi 4,47 %. Pada pemeriksaan Kolesterol Total, didapatkan  kolesterol dalam batas normal 2,38 % dan tinggi 37,31 %.  Hasil pemeriksaan gula darah sewaktu (GDS), didapatkan kadar GDS dalam batas normal 85,07 % dan kadar GDS tinggi 14,92 %. Pada pemeriksaan Asam Urat didapatkan dalam batas normal adalah 91,04 % dan tinggi 8,95 %.Kata kunci: Faktor Risiko; Penyakit Tidak Menular Early Detection of Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors in Andepali Village Community, Sampara District, Konawe RegencyABSTRACTNon-communicable disease (PTM) is a disease that is not transmitted and is not transmitted to others by any form of contact, causing death and killing around 35 million people each year, or 60% of all deaths globally, with 80% prevalence in developing countries. PTM, especially cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes are the main threats to human health and development today. The purpose of integrated community service is the Thematic Real Work Study (KKN), to detect risk factors for non-communicable diseases, in the community of Sampara District, Konawe Regency. The method of activity in the form of health education, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, blood sugar and uric acid. Screening and early detection of risk factors for non-communicable diseases have been carried out on 67 respondents, including 14 men and 53 women. On the results of blood pressure examination, it was found that the amount of hypertension was 28.35%, normotension 67.16% and hypotension 4.47%. In the examination of Total Cholesterol, cholesterol was found to be within the normal limit of 2.38% and 37.31% high. Examination results of Blood Sugar (GDS), obtained levels of GDS in the normal range of 85.07% and high GDS levels of 14.92%. In the examination of Gout found in the normal range is 91.04% and high 8.95%.Keywords: gout; blood sugar; cholesterol; non-communicable diseases; blood pressure 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors of Major Non-Communicable Diseases among Adolescents of Higher Secondary Schools of Kaski District

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Dipendra Kumar Yadav ◽  
Bhoopendra Sharma ◽  
Naveen Shrestha ◽  
Isha Karmacharya ◽  
Saroj Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Background: The main aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of major non communicable disease risk factors among higher secondary school students.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among higher secondary students of grade 11 and 12 of Kaski district in Nepal. The study period was from July 2016 to June 2017. Total sample 640 higher secondary students were recruited through two-stage cluster sampling. Self-administrated questionnaire was used for the data collection tool along with other tools which were used such as UNICEF electronic weighing scale, stature meter and mechanical aneroid sphygmomanometer. Ethical approval was obtained from IRC, Pokhara University. Data were entered intoEpiData software and analysis was performed with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS).Results: The prevalence of smoking was 6.1% which was high in male (11.9%) than female (0.6%). Alcohol consumption practice among the adolescents was 18.9%. Family history of hypertension was seen higher than family history of diabetes.The prevalence of hypertension was 11.7%. High prevalence of abnormal values of systolic and diastolic BP was found in male than female students. Overweight was seen in 6.1% students. Prevalence of obesity was almost equal in both groups.Conclusions: There is high prevalence of smoking, alcoholism among adolescents. Hypertension was more common than overwieght among adolescents.Keywords: Adolescent; college students; non-communicable diseases; risk factors.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional study on the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease in a rural area of Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. 4600
Author(s):  
Vijayakarthikeyan M. ◽  
Krishnakumar J. ◽  
Umadevi R.
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Disease

Background: Currently, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are in the limelight replacing communicable diseases, which were the leading cause of death in most countries. Non communicable disease is the leading cause of death globally. Non communicable diseases (NCDs) kill 38 million people each year. This study aims to estimate the prevalence rate of NCD risk factors among adult population and to determine the association between behavioural and metabolic risk factors. Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive study carried out in the rural field practice area attached to a Medical college in Kancheepuram district. The study group were 370 adults (20-60 years). The data was collected using a structured questionnaire with the help of WHO steps approach containing socio-demographic particulars, details regarding NCD risk factors and physical measurements. Data was analysed using SPSS 15 software. Prevalence of NCD risk factors was calculated using percentages and strength of association was tested between behavioural and metabolic risk factors. Results: Prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable disease are tobacco use (17.8%), alcohol use (17.3%), physical inactivity (50.2%), unhealthy diet (62%), overweight (38.1%), obesity (11.4%), hypertension (15.7%), diabetes (21.9%) respectively. There was strong statistical significant association between obesity (odds ratio-3.057, p=0.020 at 95% confidence interval (0.915-10.211)), hypertension (odds ratio-23.062, p=0.001 at 95% confidence interval (3.147-168.989)), diabetes (odds ratio-6.837, p=0.001 at 95% confidence interval (2.085-22.417)) and alcohol use and also between obesity (odds ratio-2.637, p=0.004 at 95% confidence interval (0.787-8.83)), hypertension (odds ratio-2.773, p=0.019 at 95% confidence interval (1.145-6.714)) and tobacco use. Conclusions: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases risk factors is high in this study. It is necessary to minimize the burden of growing non-communicable disease epidemic in the society, by curbing the rates of the risky behaviours at a very early stage by lifestyle modification.  

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