scholarly journals A revisit at 16 years for individuals from peri-urban New Delhi for tobacco use and associated oral lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2057178X1881866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Mehrotra ◽  
Suzanne Tanya Nethan ◽  
Priyanka Ravi ◽  
Shekhar Grover ◽  
Shashi Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Oral Lesions ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status

Objectives: India has a high incidence of oral cancer due to multifarious tobacco use. The objective of this study was to assess the status of tobacco-related oral lesions over 16 years, in a screen-detected population. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved home visits of 2000 Delhi residents, previously screened for oral potentially malignant disorders/oral cancer and counseled for tobacco cessation. Their basic demographics and tobacco/alcohol history were noted followed by oral visual examination for any related mucosal abnormalities. The data thus obtained were statistically analyzed. Results: Two hundred and sixty-five individuals (13.2%) could be traced after 16 years. The status of oral lesions varied across the participants, mainly in terms of their location, type, number, and/or presence/absence; no oral malignancies were noted. Most individuals had either a decreased use (34%, p < 0.001) or had quit tobacco (25.7%, p < 0.001); 8.3% individuals from the former and 5.7% from the latter group showed complete lesion(s) regression. The overall change in the tobacco use and oral lesions showed a highly significant positive association ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: A direct relationship exists between tobacco use and oral lesions. Repeated, tobacco cessation counseling provided by health-care professionals is effective. Oral screening of high-risk individuals, along with tobacco cessation, is thus essential.

scholarly journals The extent of formal tobacco cessation training received by student health professionals and the prevalence of tobacco use among them: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Krishna Undela ◽  
Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah ◽  
Padukudru Anand Mahesh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence

Background: Advice from health care professionals (HCPs) is critical for tobacco prevention and cessation efforts. The academic curricula for health care professional students (HCS) lack comprehensive training in assisting patients in tobacco cessation. Tobacco use among HCP’s deters them from giving proper tobacco prevention and cessation guidance. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption in third-year students of four health care disciplines (medical, dental, pharmacy, and nursing) and to assess their undergraduate education on tobacco control and cessation. Methods:  A web-based survey (response rate 84.4%) employing the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) questionnaire; n= 838; [20.89 (SD± 0.94) years] was conducted in Mysore, India. A descriptive, comparative and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: The number of students who received formal training in smoking cessation approaches was only 14.04%. In total, two-thirds of medical students, compared to 38.9% of dental, 29.7% of pharmacy, and 11.40 % of nursing students, learned “the reasons why people smoke” as a part of their formal training. However, only less than a quarter of the study population were aware of the role of antidepressants in nicotine cessation medications. The total prevalence of tobacco use was 28.9%. A total of 37.72% wanted to quit smoking, while a mere 1.2% had sought any professional help to do so. Conclusions: Tobacco use in HCS, apart from personal health risks to themselves, may potentially affect their future commitment to support patients in tobacco cessation. There is a need for further research into tobacco prevention and cessation programs tailored to the needs of student groups. There is a need for an updated curriculum for tobacco cessation strategies and more research into better cessation strategies.

scholarly journals Association Between the Tobacco Cessation Training and Oral Cancer Knowledge Level with Tobacco Use Related Behaviour Among the 4th Year Dental Undergraduates-A Cross Sectional Study in Dhaka, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Tawfique Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Ray Croucher
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chewing Tobacco ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Current Prevalence

Tobacco use is widespread in Bangladesh. Dental Professionals could act on different levels of tobacco control activities. AIM: to explore prevalence and attitudes towards tobacco and identified the association of tobacco use related behaviour with the level of tobacco cessation training and level of knowledge of oral cancer among 4th year dental undergraduates of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: This was a self reported cross-sectional questionnaire based survey. Global Health Professional Survey (GHPS) questionnaire and Humphris Oral Cancer Knowledge Scale questionnaire were used in this survey. Fourth year dental undergraduates studying in six dental colleges in Dhaka completed the questionnaire in April and May, 2007. Results: Response rate was 93%. Current prevalence of cigarette and chewing tobacco is 24% and 10% respectively. Male respondents were the predominant user of tobacco and had the less positive attitudes towards tobacco cessation than female. This study also shows that knowledge and training did not have any influence over tobacco related behaviour. Conclusions: In this sample of Bangladeshi dental students, high prevalence of tobacco use but strong positive attitudes towards tobacco cessation was reported. Review of policy and dental curriculum is needed as it is identified that training and oral cancer knowledge did not seem to have impact over tobacco use related behaviour. DOI = 10.3329/jom.v9i1.1423   J MEDICINE 2008; 9 : 31-36

scholarly journals The extent of formal tobacco cessation training received by student health professionals and the prevalence of tobacco use among them: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi ◽  
Raj Kumar ◽  
Krishna Undela ◽  
Jayaraj Biligere Siddaiah ◽  
Padukudru Anand Mahesh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Tobacco Cessation ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Tobacco Prevention ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Prevalence

Background: Advice from health care professionals (HCPs) is critical for tobacco prevention and cessation efforts. The academic curricula for health care professional students (HCS) lack comprehensive training in assisting patients in tobacco cessation. Tobacco use among HCP’s deters them from giving proper tobacco prevention and cessation guidance. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of tobacco consumption in third-year students of four health care disciplines (medical, dental, pharmacy, and nursing) and to assess their undergraduate education on tobacco control and cessation. Methods:  A web-based survey (response rate 84.4%) employing the Global Health Professions Student Survey (GHPSS) questionnaire; n= 838; [20.89 (SD± 0.94) years] was conducted in Mysore, India. A descriptive, comparative and multivariate analysis was performed. Results: The number of students who received formal training in smoking cessation approaches was only 14.04%. In total, two-thirds of medical students, compared to 38.9% of dental, 29.7% of pharmacy, and 11.40 % of nursing students, learned “the reasons why people smoke” as a part of their formal training. However, only less than a quarter of the study population were aware of the role of antidepressants in nicotine cessation medications. The total prevalence of tobacco use was 28.9%. A total of 37.72% wanted to quit smoking, while a mere 1.2% had sought any professional help to do so. Conclusions: Tobacco use in HCS, apart from personal health risks to themselves, may potentially affect their future commitment to support patients in tobacco cessation. There is a need for further research into tobacco prevention and cessation programs tailored to the needs of student groups. There is a need for an updated curriculum for tobacco cessation strategies and more research into better cessation strategies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Gul Use, Its Predictors and Association With Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Oral Cancer Development in the Users of Noida, India: A Cross-Sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement 2) ◽  
pp. 24s-24s
Author(s):  
S.T. Nethan ◽  
V. Kumar ◽  
S. Sharma ◽  
R. Hariprasad ◽  
R. Mehrotra
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Dental Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potentially Malignant Disorders ◽  
Potentially Malignant

Background: Oral cancer is the third most common cancer in India which is attributed to the high tobacco burden especially due to a myriad of smokeless tobacco (SLT) products available in the market. Gul/Gul manjan is a commercially-produced, tobacco-based dentifrice, indigenous to rural India and Bangladesh, and mainly used by women. It is both highly addictive and carcinogenic; yet its prevalence, reasons for use and association with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral cancer are scarcely documented in literature, making this study the first of its kind. Aim: To determine the prevalence of Gul use, its predictors and resultant OPMDs and oral cancer in such consumers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed among 3452 individuals visiting the Institute's Oral Health Promotion Clinic between December 2016-March 2018. Their basic demographic details, tobacco use history and abnormalities found on oral examination, were documented in the clinical record form. Data pertaining to Gul users was subjected to further statistical analysis. Results: Of the total individuals screened, 2.9% (n=101, P < 0.001) consumed Gul (89.1% current and 10.9% former users), with majority female consumers (86.1%) from peri-urban Noida. It was used (up to 5 times daily) mainly to alleviate dental pain due to caries/endodontic lesions, which were present in 35.6% users ( P = 0.004). A statistically significant positive association was seen between Gul use and development of OPMDs ( P < 0.001) and oral cancer ( P = 0.001), with 7.9% (n=10; 70% Gul alone users) of the overall leukoplakias/preleukoplakias (n=127), and 7.1% (n=1, Gul alone user) of all the oral cancer cases (n=14), found in Gul users. The duration of Gul use ranged up to 25 years, indicating its high dependency. Conclusion: Gul use is relatively uncommon than other SLT products in India, even among males (the major group of tobacco consumers). Apart from teeth cleaning, Gul is a cheap, easily accessible antidote for acute dental pain relief (owing to nicotine-induced analgesia) among rural women who apply it multiple times daily onto the affected teeth and adjacent gum/mucosa, often leading to its dependency. Courtesy its significant carcinogenic potential which has been clearly reported here (OPMDs and oral cancer development among users), combating/preventing its production, easy availability (in spite of the complete ban on tobacco use in dentifrices) and consumption, is essential. Therefore, the public health challenge of prevention of the use of this form of SLT ie tobacco-based dentifrices, warrants greater interest and action than that has been received thus far, which in turn would contribute to the overall mission of oral cancer prevention.

Perceived Overprotection and Its Association With Quality of Life in Dementia

GeroPsych ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Mechthild Niemann-Mirmehdi ◽  
Andreas Häusler ◽  
Paul Gellert ◽  
Johanna Nordheim
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract. To date, few studies have focused on perceived overprotection from the perspective of people with dementia (PwD). In the present examination, the association of perceived overprotection in PwD is examined as an autonomy-restricting factor and thus negative for their mental well-being. Cross-sectional data from the prospective DYADEM study of 82 patient/partner dyads (mean age = 74.26) were used to investigate the association between overprotection, perceived stress, depression, and quality of life (QoL). The analyses show that an overprotective contact style with PwD has a significant positive association with stress and depression, and has a negative association with QoL. The results emphasize the importance of avoiding an overprotective care style and supporting patient autonomy.

scholarly journals Removable denture is a risk indicator for peri-implantitis and facilitates expansion of specific periodontopathogens: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Grischke ◽  
Szymon P. Szafrański ◽  
Uthayakumar Muthukumarasamy ◽  
Susanne Haeussler ◽  
Meike Stiesch
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Risk Indicator ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Removable Denture

Abstract Background The prevalence of peri-implantitis ranges between 7 and 38.4% depending on risk indicators such as smoking, diabetes mellitus, lack of periodontal maintenance program, and history or presence of periodontitis. Currently, the possible effect of the type of superstructure on peri-implant health is unclear. This cross-sectional study aims to investigate the influence of the superstructure on the prevalence of peri-implant mucositis, peri-implantitis and peri-implant dysbiosis. Methods During a 32-month recruitment period dental implants were assessed to diagnose healthy peri-implant tissues, mucositis or peri-implantitis. The study included 1097 implants in 196 patients. Out of all peri-implantitis cases 20 randomly chosen submucosal biofilms from implants with fixed denture (FD) originating from 13 patients and 11 biofilms from implants with removable dentures (RD) originating from 3 patients were studied for microbiome analysis. Composition of transcriptionally active biofilms was revealed by RNAseq. Metatranscriptomic profiles were created for thirty-one peri-implant biofilms suffering from peri-implantitis and microbiome changes associated with superstructure types were identified. Results 16.41% of the implants were diagnosed with peri-implantitis, 25.00% of implants with RD and 12.68% of implants with FD, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed a significant positive association on patient (p =  < 0.001) and implant level (p = 0.03) between the prevalence of peri-implantitis and RD. Eight bacterial species were associated either with FD or RD by linear discriminant analysis effect size method. However, significant intergroup confounders (e.g. smoking) were present. Conclusions Within the limitations of the present work, RDs appear to be a risk indicator for peri-implantitis and seem to facilitate expansion of specific periodontopathogens. Potential ecological and pathological consequences of shift in microbiome from RDs towards higher activity of Fusobacterium nucleatum subspecies animalis and Prevotella intermedia require further investigation.

scholarly journals Gender difference in betel quid consumption levels and tobacco use among adults in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Yin Min Aye ◽  
Seo Ah Hong ◽  
Bang-On Thepthien ◽  
Sariyamon Tiraphat
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Betel Quid ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Betel Quid Chewing ◽  
No Consumption

Several small scaled studies in Myanmar investigated determinants of betel quid chewing status but to better understand more complete profiles of betel quid chewing habits, this study investigated the associations of betel quid consumption levels with tobacco and sociodemographic factors using a nationally representative sample in Myanmar. A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis was conducted by using Myanmar demographic and health survey (MDHS) (2015-2016). Chi-square tests and multinomial logistic regression were performed with p-value&lt;0.05 as significance. Men averagely chewed 5.59 (SD=8.229) pieces per day while women chewed 1.25 (SD=3.584) pieces. The prevalence of chewing daily pieces 1-2, 3-5 and 6+ were 7.9%, 17.1% and 34.2% for men and 6.1%, 8% and 7.1 %, respectively, for women. In multivariate analysis, low education, low family wealth, married, and urban were more likely to chew 6+ pieces per day relevant to no consumption in both genders, while a positive association with age was observed only in women. Tobacco use was associated with low consumption level (1-2 pieces), relative to no consumption in both genders. Therefore, this study underlined the need to improve knowledge on the dangers associated with betel quid chewing and tobacco use among socially disadvantaged populations and urban residents.

scholarly journals Determinants of corporate voluntary disclosure in a transition economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-141
Author(s):  
Mofijul Hoq Masum ◽  
Ahmed Razman Abdul Latiff ◽  
Mohammad Noor Hisham Osman
Keyword(s):  
Voluntary Disclosure ◽  
Transition Economy ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
International University ◽  
Chemical Companies

Corporate voluntary disclosure becomes a burning issue in the literature of accounting throughout the last two decades. The study aims to explore the most crucial determinants that influence corporate voluntary disclosure in a transition economy. A cross-sectional study based on the pharmaceutical and chemical companies listed in the Dhaka Stock Exchange is conducted to reconnoiter the crucial determinants affecting the voluntary disclosure. Based on the agency theory, stakeholder theory, and previous literature, the determinants are selected. An unweighted disclosure index is used to measure the extent of voluntary disclosure; after that, a multivariate analysis is steered to reconnoiter the key determinants of voluntary disclosure. It is found that firm leverage and firm liquidity are the key determinants that significantly influence the corporate voluntary disclosure in a transition economy. In contrast, no significant positive association is found between voluntary disclosure and board size. In additon, it is also found that market category significantly influences voluntary disclosure with an inverse direction. This study has important implications for both the corporate people and the regulatory bodies of the transition economy. The study also helps various stakeholders of the transition economy – Bangladesh, in designing their strategies regarding the most significant determinants of voluntary disclosure. Acknowledgment We are very thankful to the Institute of Advanced Research (IAR), United International University, Bangladesh, to grant us the fund by mobilizing which we generate our required data for the study and complete this empirical study.

scholarly journals Association of Dietary and Lifestyle Inflammation Score With Metabolic Syndrome in a Sample of Iranian Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Dehghani Firouzabadi ◽  
Ahmad Jayedi ◽  
Elaheh Asgari ◽  
Zahra Akbarzadeh ◽  
Nasim Janbozorgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Education Status ◽  
Inflammation Score

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the association between the dietary and lifestyle inflammation score (DLIS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a sample of Iranian adults.Design: Population-based cross-sectional study.Setting: General adult population living in Tehran, Iran.Subjects: We included 827 adult men and women with an age range of 18–59 years who were referred to health centers in different districts of Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was assessed by a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire with 168 items. The DLIS was calculated based on four components, including dietary inflammation score, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and general obesity. Higher DLIS represents a more proinflammatory diet and lifestyle. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the MetS across quartiles of the DLIS was calculated by using logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, sex, energy intake, marital status, education status, and occupation.Results: A total of 827 participants (31% men) were included, with a mean age of 44.7 ± 10.7 years. The prevalence of the MetS was 30.5%. The DLIS ranged between −2.35 and +3.19 (mean ± SD: 0.54 ± 1.09). There was a significant positive association between the DLIS and odds of MetS (OR fourthvs.thefirstquartile: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.01–2.45) in the fully adjusted model.Conclusion: Our results showed a significant positive association between the DLIS and odds of MetS. The results of the present crosssectional study suggested that having a more proinflammatory lifestyle can be associated with MetS. More prospective studies are needed to confirm the findings.

Exploring the relationship of human–nature interaction and mindfulness: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Sahni ◽  
Jyoti Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nature Relatedness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nature Experience

History is replete with examples where humans have sought refuge in nature for psychological restoration. In this cross-sectional study we explore the relationship of nature experience and mindfulness. Nature experience is assessed through “nature in the neighbourhood”, “frequency of visit” to nature-rich spaces, as well as one's inherent connection with nature described as “nature relatedness”. The study sample consisted of 334 Indian adults. The findings from this study show that frequency of visit to nature-rich spaces has a significant positive association with mindfulness. The hierarchical regression analysis suggests an interaction effect of “nature relatedness” in the association of the presence of nature rich spaces in the neighbourhood, frequency of visit as well as mindfulness. Interestingly, when childhood experiences were explored they had a significant association with “nature relatedness” and mindfulness. The evidence from this research suggests that nature experience may find its application as one of the mindfulness techniques prescribed for self-management of mental health problems.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document