scholarly journals The Monetary Value of Disability-Adjusted Life Years in Kenya in 2017

SAGE Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402097055
Author(s):  
Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri ◽  
Joses Muthuri Kirigia
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Socioeconomic Burden ◽  
All Diseases

All diseases and injuries exert a heavy epidemiological and socioeconomic burden on Kenya. The specific objectives of this study were (a) to estimate the monetary value of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from all causes in 2017 with the ongoing implementation of United Nations sustainable development goal (SDG) 3 and (b) to estimate the reductions in the monetary value of DALYs in Kenya, assuming diseases and injuries related to SDG3 targets are achieved by 2030. A variant of human capital (or net output) analytical framework was applied to value DALYs from 162 diseases and injuries into their monetary equivalents. The 17.9 million DALYs from 162 causes in Kenya in 2017 had a total monetary value of Int$ 67,012,790,388. Approximately 57% of the monetary value of DALYs emanated from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; 36% from noncommunicable diseases; and 7% from injuries. We estimate that attainment of the five SDG3 targets would lead to an Int$ 21.5 billion (45%) decrease in the SDG3-related monetary value of DALYs by 2030. There is an urgent need for health policy-makers to use this kind of evidence when advocating among public and private sectors for increased spending on health development.

scholarly journals Estimation of Burden of Cystic Echinococcosis in Iran Using Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) in 2018

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateme Parandin ◽  
Fatemeh Heydarpour ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd ◽  
Ali Akbari Sari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Standard Life ◽  
And Control

Background: Human hydatidosis as a public concern has increased in a number of countries that have reduced control programs for the disease due to lack of resources or policies. We aimed to estimate Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) for human hydatidosis in Iran in 2018. Methods: Data were collected from the Center of Communicable Diseases Control, Ministry of Health &Medical Education, Tehran, Iran in 2018. To calculate DALYs, years of life lost due to premature death (YLL) with years of life with disability (YLD) were calculated according to the formula as DALY = YLL + YLD. The standard life expectancy lost method (SEYLL) was used to calculate the years lost due to premature death. Results: DALYs for human hydatidosis was calculated as 1210.12 years (YLD equals to 177.12 and YLL equals to 1033) in Iran for the year 2018. It was estimated to be 700.2 years for men and 509.8 years for women.  DALYs in men were significantly different from women (P= 0.001) so DALYs were more in men than women were. YLD was calculated at 78.228 years in men and 98.892 years in women and in both men and women at 177.12 years. YLD was significantly different in women compared to men (P=0.001), so YLD in women was more than in men. Conclusion: We reached considerable indices for hydatidosis in our study. Therefore, disease prevention and control programs in Iran seem necessary by the policy makers.

scholarly journals Monetary value of disability-adjusted life years lost from all causes in Mauritius in 2019

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Laurent Musango ◽  
Ajoy Nundoochan ◽  
Philippe Van Wilder ◽  
Joses Muthuri Kirigia
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Republic

Background: The Republic of Mauritius had a total of 422,567 disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from all causes in 2019. This study aimed to estimate the monetary value of DALYs lost in 2019 from all causes in Mauritius and those projected to be lost in 2030; and to estimate the monetary value of DALYs savings in 2030 if Mauritius were to attain the national targets related to five targets of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 on good health and well-being. Methods: The human capital approach was used to monetarily value DALYs lost from 157 causes in 2019. The monetary value of DALYs lost in 2019 from each cause was calculated from the product of net gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Mauritius and the number of DALYs lost from a specific cause. The percentage reductions implied in the SDG3 targets were used to project the monetary values of DALYs expected in 2030. The potential savings equal the monetary value of DALYs lost in 2019 less the monetary value of DALYs expected in 2030. Results:  The DALYs lost in 2019 had a total monetary value of Int$ 9.46 billion and a mean value of Int$ 22,389 per DALY. Of this amount, 84.2% resulted from non-communicable diseases; 8.7% from communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases; and 7.1% from injuries. Full attainment of national targets related to the five SDG3 targets would avert DALYs losses to the value of Int$ 2.4 billion. Conclusions: Diseases and injuries cause a significant annual DALYs loss with substantive monetary value. Fully achieving the five SDG3 targets could save Mauritius nearly 8% of its total GDP in 2019. To achieve such savings, Mauritius needs to strengthen further the national health system, other systems that tackle the social determinants of health, and the national health research system.

scholarly journals Adherence to the iDSI reference case among published cost-per-DALY averted studies

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Emerson ◽  
Ari Panzer ◽  
Joshua T. Cohen ◽  
Kalipso Chalkidou ◽  
Yot Teerawattananon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Reporting Standards ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Reference Case ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Full Adherence

AbstractBackgroundThe iDSI reference case, originally published in 2014, aims to improve the quality and comparability of cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs). This study assesses whether the development of the guideline has improved the reporting and methodology for CEAs using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).MethodsWe analyzed the Tufts Medical Center Global Health CEA Registry to identify cost-per-DALY averted studies published from 2011 to 2017. Among each of 11 principles in the iDSI reference case, we translated all reporting standards and methodological specifications into quantifiable yes/no questions and awarded articles one point for each item satisfied. We then separately calculated reporting and methods scores, measured as percent adherence (0%=no adherence, 100%=full adherence). Using the year 2014 as the dissemination period, we conducted a pre-post analysis. Additionally, we conducted an analysis stratified by the 11 principles and examined different scoring strategies and dissemination periods in sensitivity analyses.ResultsArticles averaged 74% adherence to reporting standards and 60% adherence to methodological specifications. Adherence to reporting standards increased slightly over time (72% pre-2014 vs. 75% post-2014, p<0.01), but methodological adherence did not significantly improve (59% pre-2014 vs. 60% post-2014, p=0.53). Overall, reporting adherence scores exceeded methodology adherence scores (74% vs. 60%, p<0.001). Articles seldom addressed budget impact (9% reporting, 10% methodology) or equity (7% reporting, 7% methodology).ConclusionsThe iDSI reference case has substantial potential to serve as a useful resource for researchers and policy-makers in global health settings, but greater effort to promote adherence and awareness is needed to achieve its potential.

scholarly journals Combining Recent Nutritional Data with Prospective Cohorts to Quantify the Impact of Modern Dietary Patterns on Disability–Adjusted Life Years: A Feasibility Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 833
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Krieger ◽  
Giulia Pestoni ◽  
Anita Frehner ◽  
Christian Schader ◽  
David Faeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Traditional Pattern ◽  
The Impact

Unhealthy diets are commonly associated with increased disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from noncommunicable diseases. The association between DALYs and dietary patterns can be quantified with individual longitudinal data. This assessment, however, is often based on dietary data collected once at cohort entry, therefore reflecting the impact of “old” dietary habits on morbidity and mortality. To overcome this limitation, we tested the association of contemporary diets with DALYs. First, we defined contemporary dietary patterns consumed in Switzerland with the national nutrition survey menuCH (2014–2015). Second, we identified individuals who consumed similar diets in the NRP–MONICA census-linked cohort (1977–2015). In this cohort, individual data on disease and mortality were used to calculate the DALYs-dietary patterns association using a mixed regression model. A total of 58,771 DALYs from NCDs were recorded in a mean follow-up time of 25.5 years. After multivariable adjustments, the “Swiss traditional” pattern was not associated with an increase in DALYs compared to the “Prudent” pattern. However, individuals following a “Western” pattern had, on average 0.29 DALYs (95% CI 0.02, 0.56) more than those following a “Prudent” pattern, equating to a loss of healthy life of more than three months. These data highlight the feasibility of quantifying the impact of contemporary diets on DALYs without the establishment of new cohorts or the use of nationally aggregated data.

scholarly journals Monetary value of disability-adjusted-life-years lost from all causes in Mauritius

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent MUSANGO ◽  
Ajoy Nundoochan ◽  
Philippe Van Wilder ◽  
Joses Muthuri Kirigia
Keyword(s):  
National Health ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Disease Study

Abstract Background The Republic of Mauritius lost a total of 402,565 disability-adjusted-life-years (DALY) from all causes in 2017. The objectives of this study were (a) to estimate the monetary value of DALY lost in 2017, and projected to be lost from all causes in Mauritius in 2030; and (b) to estimate the monetary value of DALY savings in year 2030, if the country would attain the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) targets 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.6.Methods Human capital approach is used to monetarily value DALY lost from 293 causes in 2017. The monetary value of DALY lost in 2017 from each cause is equal to the Mauritius net gross domestic product (GDP) per capita multiplied by the number of DALY lost from a specific cause. The percentage reductions implied in the five SDG3 targets were used in the projections of the monetary values of DALY expected in 2030. The potential savings equals monetary value of DALY lost in 2017 minus monetary value of DALY expected in 2030. The DALY data was obtained from the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 database; the current health expenditure per capita data was from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database; and the per capita GDP data was obtained from the IMF outlook database.Results The DALY lost in 2017 had a total monetary value of Int$9,564,741,771. Of which, 82.9% resulted from non-communicable diseases; 10.2% from communicable, maternal, neonatal and nutritional diseases; and 6.9% from injuries. Full attainment of the five SDG 3 targets would avert DALY losses with a value of Int$2,986,241,156.Conclusions Diseases and injuries causes a significant DALY lost per year with a substantive monetary value. Full achievement of the SDG3 targets 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4 and 3.6 might potentially save the country about 9.351% of the total GDP of Mauritius in 2019. In order to achieve such savings, the country require to further strengthen the national health system, the other systems that tackle social determinants of health, and the national health research system.

The monetary value of disability-adjusted-life-years lost in Kenya in 2017.pdf

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joses Kirigia ◽  
Rose Nabi Deborah Karimi Muthuri
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
International Monetary Fund ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
World Health ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Monetary Value ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Per Capita

<div>A variant of human capital (or net output) analytical framework was applied to monetarily value DALYs lost from 166 diseases and injuries. The monetary value of each of the 166 diseases (or injuries) was obtained through multiplication of the net 2019 GDP per capita for Kenya by the number of DALYs lost from each specific cause. Where net GDP per capita was calculated by subtracting current health expenditure from the GDP per capita. </div><div> </div><p>The DALYs data for the 166 causes were from IHME (Global Burden of Disease Collaborative Network, 2018), GDP per capita data from the International Monetary Fund world economic outlook database (International Monetary Fund, 2019), and the current health expenditure per person data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database (World Health Organization, 2019b). A model consisting of fourteen equations was calculated with Excel Software developed by Microsoft (New York).</p><p> </p>

Identifying Public Health Problems

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Burris ◽  
Micah L. Berman ◽  
Matthew Penn, and ◽  
Tara Ramanathan Holiday
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Health Priorities ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Study Designs ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life

Chapter 5 discusses the use of epidemiology to identify the source of public health problems and inform policymaking. It uses a case study to illustrate how researchers, policymakers, and practitioners detect diseases, identify their sources, determine the extent of an outbreak, and prevent new infections. The chapter also defines key measures in epidemiology that can indicate public health priorities, including morbidity and mortality, years of potential life lost, and measures of lifetime impacts, including disability-adjusted life years and quality-adjusted life years. Finally, the chapter reviews epidemiological study designs, differentiating between experimental and observational studies, to show how to interpret data and identify limitations.

scholarly journals Sex-Dependent End-of-Life Mental and Vascular Scenarios for Compensatory Mechanisms in Mice with Normal and AD-Neurodegenerative Aging

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Aida Muntsant ◽  
Francesc Jiménez-Altayó ◽  
Lidia Puertas-Umbert ◽  
Elena Jiménez-Xarrie ◽  
Elisabet Vila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Bidirectional Interactions

Life expectancy decreases with aging, with cardiovascular, mental health, and neurodegenerative disorders strongly contributing to the total disability-adjusted life years. Interestingly, the morbidity/mortality paradox points to females having a worse healthy life expectancy. Since bidirectional interactions between cardiovascular and Alzheimer’s diseases (AD) have been reported, the study of this emerging field is promising. In the present work, we further explored the cardiovascular–brain interactions in mice survivors of two cohorts of non-transgenic and 3xTg-AD mice, including both sexes, to investigate the frailty/survival through their life span. Survival, monitored from birth, showed exceptionally worse mortality rates in females than males, independently of the genotype. This mortality selection provided a “survivors” cohort that could unveil brain–cardiovascular interaction mechanisms relevant for normal and neurodegenerative aging processes restricted to long-lived animals. The results show sex-dependent distinct physical (worse in 3xTg-AD males), neuropsychiatric-like and cognitive phenotypes (worse in 3xTg-AD females), and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis activation (higher in females), with higher cerebral blood flow and improved cardiovascular phenotype in 3xTg-AD female mice survivors. The present study provides an experimental scenario to study the suggested potential compensatory hemodynamic mechanisms in end-of-life dementia, which is sex-dependent and can be a target for pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions.

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