Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy, 5% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Root Canal Treated Teeth: A Clinical Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 232020682110189
Author(s):  
Ramesh Bharti ◽  
Aseem Prakash Tikku ◽  
Anil Chandra ◽  
Prashant Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Infected Root

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHO) in the endodontic re-treatment in the removing of microorganisms from previously filled infected root canals. Materials and Methods: The study samples consist of 54 root canal treated anterior teeth with apical periodontitis were randomly divided into three groups according to the disinfection protocol. Microbiological samples from the root canals were collected after removing the gutta-percha (S1) and following the endodontic re-treatment (S2) with either 5% NaOCl, 2% CHO or PDT procedure for 1 minute. Microbiological samples were cultivated on selective plates to assess the presence or absence of microbial growth and determine the average reduction of viable microorganisms. Results: Significant reduction in the total bacterial count in all the groups at post treatment ( P < .001). PDT provided statistically higher (99.74%) elimination of Enterococcus faecalis in comparison to NaOCl (95%) and CHO (88%). Conclusions: The use of PDT in endodontic re-treatment led to the significant reduction of the remaining bacterial species. So, PDT can be used for routine endodontic disinfection in failed root canal cases.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ROOT CANAL DISINFECTION USING 3% SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE, 940NM DIODE LASER AND PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN SINGLE SITTING PULPECTOMY: AN IN-VIVO STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Thomas T Parakkal ◽  
Pulkit Jhingan ◽  
Shivani Mathur ◽  
Vinod Sachdev
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Diode Laser ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Root Canal Disinfection ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Colony Forming Units

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a common bacterial species in resistant and recurrent infections. It has an active proton pump which prevents its easy inhibition leading to endodontic treatment failure. LASER and photodynamic therapy have been employed lately in improving antimicrobial chemotherapy of localized infections. Aim: To compare disinfection efficacy of 940nm Diode LASER & Photodynamic therapy(PDT) to Conventional method using 3% Sodium hypochlorite in canals of endodontically treated primary teeth. Method: Single sitting Pulpectomy was performed on 60 mandibular first primary molars, divided into 3 groups, disinfected using mentioned modalities. Disinfection potential was compared collecting samples at 3 stages using paper points, cultured and incubated for 24hrs to check change in Colony Forming Units of the bacteria. Results: Data analysis with SPSS version 20 software using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney-U test. Conclusion: The three groups showed effective disinfection as revealed by the reduction in the colony forming units of the bacteria at baseline and after intervention. However, diode laser when used in conjunction with sodium hypochlorite as a disinfecting modality was found to be the most effective for the eradication of Enterococcus faecalis from infected root canals.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Photodynamic Therapy and an Irrigation Activation System on Root Canals Infected With Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asnaashari ◽  
Niloufar Kooshki ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Salehi ◽  
Saranaz Azari-Marhabi ◽  
Hedieh Amin Moghadassi
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Bacterial Colony ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Activation System

Introduction: Enterococcus faecalis is a resistant bacterium which is the most abundant species in infected root canals. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a method for killing the bacteria with active Oxygen radicals generated in a photosensitizer when exposed to centralized light. Furthermore, as a new method of canal disinfection, a variety of irrigation activation systems have been introduced, one of which is GentleFile (GF) with rotary movements and spiral effects for antibacterial action. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of the two mentioned methods when used with and without Sodium Hypochlorite in eliminating E. faecalis from infected root canals. Methods: Fifty-eight uniradicular teeth were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups of 14. Two specimens were selected for later scanning electron microscopy in order to screen the procedure steps. In each experimental group, 10 samples were selected to be treated with GF or PDT; 3 of them were selected as positive controls and the other one sample was chosen as a negative control. Experimental groups were as follows: (1) Irrigation activation system, (2) Irrigation activation system + sodium hypochlorite, (3) PDT, and (4) PDT+ sodium hypochlorite. The specimens were then cultured for a bacterial colony count. Results: The decrease in the bacterial count after the treatment with the irrigation activation system was 99.8% (P=0.011) and when the system was used with sodium hypochlorite, it was 100% (P=0.001). The antibacterial effect of PDT was 90.08% (P=0.011) and it was 99.7% when PDT was combined with sodium hypochlorite (P=0.011). Conclusion: All four methods can be administered as complementary methods in root canal disinfection. According to the results of disinfection in the experimental groups of current study it is concluded that integration of new technologies such as activation irrigation system or PDT in Combination with NaOCl ameliorates disinfection of root canal and can provide several advantages in the endodontic outcome.

scholarly journals Rapid Quantification of Bacteria in Infected Root Canals Using Fluorescence Reagents and a Membrane Filter: A Pilot Study on Its Clinical Application to the Evaluation of the Outcomes of Endodontic Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuichi Sato ◽  
Keiko Yamaki ◽  
Naoko Ishida ◽  
Megumi Shoji ◽  
Emika Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Polycarbonate Membrane ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Present Pilot Study ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Objective. The bacterial examination has been performed during the course of the root canal treatment. In the present pilot study, the new developed method, using fluorescence reagents and a membrane filter, was applied to the detection and quantification of bacteria in infected root canals, in order to evaluate the outcomes of the treatment.Methods. Six infected root canals with periapical lesions from 5 subjects were included. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects (age ranges, 23–79 years). Samples from infected root canals were collected at the beginning of the treatment (termed #25 First), the end of the first day of treatment (termed #55 First), and the next appointment day (termed #55 Second). Then, the bacterial count (CFU) was measured using fluorescence reagents (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole and propidium iodide) and the polycarbonate membrane filter by Bioplorer.Results. The mean ± SD of CFU in the sample of “#25 First” was(1.0±1.4)×105. As the root canal treatment progressed, the CFU decreased as7.9×103(#55 First) and4.3×102(#55 Second).Conclusion. In the present pilot study, rapid detection and quantification of bacteria in infected root canals were found to be successfully performed using fluorescence reagents and a membrane filter (Bioplorer analysis).

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibacterial Effects of Photodynamic Therapy, Modified Triple Antibiotic Paste and Calcium Hydroxide on Root Canals Infected With Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. S23-S29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Asnaashari ◽  
Mohammad Jafar Eghbal ◽  
Amirali Sahba Yaghmayi ◽  
Mehdi Shokri ◽  
Saranaz Azari-Marhabi
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Triple Antibiotic Paste ◽  
Working Length

Introduction: A pivotal issue to achieve success in the treatment of the root canal is root canal disinfection. One of the most important bacteria that infect the root canal is Enterococcus faecalis. This study seeks to examine the effectiveness of 3 methods for disinfecting the root canal: photodynamic therapy, modified triple antibiotic paste (MTAP), and calcium hydroxide. Methods: Sixty-two single-rooted extracted anterior teeth were collected. After cleaning and disinfecting the teeth, their crowns were cut at the CEJ point. The root canals were shaped to the working length up to file F3 ProTaper (F1, F2, F3). EDTA 17% and sodium hypochlorite 2.5% were used for 5 minutes to wash and remove the smear layer, and then the apical foramen was sealed using composite. After that, the teeth were sterilized in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes. Then 10 samples were taken randomly as the negative control. The remaining samples were immersed and cultivated in a suspension containing E. faecalis for 21 days. Then the samples were divided into 5 groups: 2 positive control groups, 1 group treated with the antibiotic paste with the concentration of 1 mg/mL, 1 group treated with calcium hydroxide, and 1 group treated with photodynamic therapy. Then, to collect the biofilm, the ProTaper file F4 was used. After that, the microbial suspension was provided and counting the colonies was carried out to compare the groups. Results: The findings indicated that the amount of CFU/mg of MTAP samples, including clindamycin, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin in the concentration of 1 mg/mL and photodynamic therapy and calcium hydroxide was lower than that in the control group. Antibiotic paste cleansed the root canal up to 99.9%. Photodynamic therapy reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 98.8%, and calcium hydroxide reduced the amount of CFU/mg to 94.13%. Conclusion: Using photodynamic therapy causes a reduction in the biofilm and inhibits the growth of the E. faecalis bacterium. In addition, in this study, MTAP with a concentration of 1 mg/mL was used, which expunged the bacteria completely. Meanwhile, calcium hydroxide had the weakest effect of all on the E. faecalis bacterium.

scholarly journals Antibacterial action of red and green propolis extract in infected root canal

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Mônica Misaé Endo ◽  
Cyntia R. A. Estrela ◽  
Ana Helena G. Alencar ◽  
Júlio Almeida Silva ◽  
Daniel Almeida Decurcio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Antibacterial Action ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Ultrasonic Irrigation ◽  
Conventional Irrigation

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the antibacterial action of 30% red propolis, 40% green propolis and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite with irrigation protocols in infected root canals.METHODS: During 60 days, twenty-four root canals were inoculated with E. faecalis. In all experimental groups were performed root canal preparation and two irrigation protocols - passive ultrasonic irrigation and conventional irrigation. In the groups 1, 3, 5 and 7 it were made root canal preparation associated to conventional irrigation with 30% propolis, 40% propolis, 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and distilled water, respectively. In groups 2, 4, 6 and 8 it was made root canal preparation associated with passive ultrasonic irrigation with the solutions described above. The groups 9 and 10 were the controls (negative and positive). Samples of the root canals were collected and immersed in 7 mL of BHI, for 48 hours, at 37ºC. Bacterial growth was analyzed by turbidity of the culture medium.RESULTS: Antibacterial action was observed of 30% red propolis and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite when used passive ultrasonic irrigation and conventional irrigation after 20 minutes, but in 72 hours it was not effective.CONCLUSION: The irrigating agents and protocols were not effective to eliminate the microorganisms of the infected root canals. Clinical Significance: Propolis presents potential for clinical application due to its antimicrobial, anti inflammatory, antioxidant and low toxicity properties.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of 5% sodium hypochlorite and Nd:YAG laser in reducing endotoxins level from infected root canals – An in vivo microbiological study

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Aseem Prakash Tikku ◽  
Promila Verma ◽  
Ramesh Bharti ◽  
Prashant Gupta ◽  
Brijesh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Nd:Yag Laser ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Endodontic Infection ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Experimental Group

Objectives: Endodontic infection is one of the most challenging aspects of dental treatment which is primarily caused by Gram-negative anaerobic bacterial species. The primary objective in the management of endodontic treatment is eradication of bacteria, as well as elimination of endotoxin. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 5% sodium hypochlorite, a mixture of calcium hydroxide+2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and Nd:YAG lasers for decreasing the level of endotoxin in infected root canals. Material and Methods: Forty four patients in the age group of 18–50 years were carefully chosen for the study and divided into control (Group 1, n = 11) and experimental group (Group 2, n = 33). Experimental group was further split into three subgroups according to the medicaments used. Samples were collected after the access opening (pre-operative specimens), after the biomechanical preparation (intermediate samples), and after the application of intracanal medicament for 15 days. The concentration of endotoxin in each sample was measured using quantitative chromogenic limulus amebocyte lysate assay. The data collected were statistically analyzed using SPSS for Windows (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Inc., Chicago, IL,) Version 15.0 Statistical Analysis Software. The level of significance was set at 0.05 for all tests. Results: Pretreatment endotoxins level observed was 6.783EU/ml in Control group and 7.261EU/ml, 6.963EU/ml, 7.247EU/ml in experimental subgroups. After biomechanical preparation and use of medicaments endotoxins level reduced to 3.919EU/ml in Control group and 0.5222EU/ml (sodium hypochlorite) 1.164EU/ml (calcium hydroxide+chlorhexidine), 0.841EU/ml (laser). Conclusion: This study concluded after analyzing the data that use of 5% sodium hypochlorite and Nd:YAG laser was effective in decreasing the level of endotoxins and use of intracanal medicament (2% CHX+ calcium hydroxide) for 15 days further helps to reduce the endotoxin level.

scholarly journals Microbial Profile of Root Canals of Pulpally Infected Teeth In Ghanaians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akua Boakyewaa Konadu ◽  
Ebenezer Anno Nyako ◽  
Patrick Caldicock Ampofo ◽  
Moses Lorenzo Akyeh ◽  
Thomas Akuetteh Ndanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Facultative Anaerobes ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
Laboratory Setup ◽  
Infected Root ◽  
Micro Organisms

Abstract Background Pulpal and periapical infections are initiated by microorganisms when they gain access into the dental pulp. The success of root canal treatment principally depends on the eradication of the micro-organisms in the root canal system. The aim of the study was to determine the microbial agents of infected root canals in Ghanaians patients. Methodology Forty four consecutive patients with sixty teeth referred to the Restorative Dentistry Clinic requiring root canal treatment were recruited. Root canal samples were collected from the teeth with sterile paper points. The samples were processed at the laboratory setup created at the chairside, subjected for microbial analysis and identification using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS).ResultsA total of 259 isolates were recovered from the 60 infected root canals, belonging to twenty (20) different microbial genera. Out of the 259 microbial species isolated, only two (2) were candida albicans, a fungi; 257(99.2%) were bacterial isolates belonging to 19 genera. The 19 genera had 53 bacterial species, out of which 26(49.1%) were identified as facultative anaerobes, 15(28.3 %.) as obligate anaerobes and 12(22.6%) were aerobes. Streptococcus species (Streptococcus oralis, S.mitis, S. mutans and S. constellatus) were the most predominant isolates, followed by Prevotella sp, Actinomyces sp, Enterococcus faecalis and Rothia sp respectively. ConclusionThe findings of this study show that, primary root canal infections are polymicrobial with facultative anaerobes been predominant. The determination of the microbial profile aids in understanding the pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular infections and help in choosing effective antimicrobial irrigation and medicament for root canal treatment.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of a Bioceramic and Conventional Resin-Based Sealers on Postoperative Pain after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2661
Author(s):  
Kiche Shim ◽  
Young-Eun Jang ◽  
Yemi Kim
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Postoperative Period ◽  
Root Canal ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Root Canal Treatment ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ah Plus ◽  
Group 2

Background: This clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of bioceramic sealer and resin-based sealer on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain. Methods: Patients with anterior teeth or premolars requiring root canal treatment were assigned to group 1 (n = 51). Those with molars requiring treatment were assigned to group 2 (n = 57). In groups 1En and 2En, root canals were obturated with Endoseal MTA using the single-cone technique. In groups 1AH and 2AH, the sealer used was AH Plus with the continuous wave technique. On the day of canal filling, each patient was instructed to indicate their pain intensity over the 7 day postoperative period, at rest and, while biting, using a visual analog scale. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence or intensity of postoperative pain between the Endoseal MTA and AH Plus groups during the 7 day postoperative period (p > 0.05). Less time was needed to seal the root canals with Endoseal MTA, especially in group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Endoseal MTA and AH Plus had similar effects on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain. The obturation time was shorter when using Endoseal MTA compared to AH Plus.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document