Microbial Profile of Root Canals of Pulpally Infected Teeth In Ghanaians

Abstract Background Pulpal and periapical infections are initiated by microorganisms when they gain access into the dental pulp. The success of root canal treatment principally depends on the eradication of the micro-organisms in the root canal system. The aim of the study was to determine the microbial agents of infected root canals in Ghanaians patients. Methodology Forty four consecutive patients with sixty teeth referred to the Restorative Dentistry Clinic requiring root canal treatment were recruited. Root canal samples were collected from the teeth with sterile paper points. The samples were processed at the laboratory setup created at the chairside, subjected for microbial analysis and identification using Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS).ResultsA total of 259 isolates were recovered from the 60 infected root canals, belonging to twenty (20) different microbial genera. Out of the 259 microbial species isolated, only two (2) were candida albicans, a fungi; 257(99.2%) were bacterial isolates belonging to 19 genera. The 19 genera had 53 bacterial species, out of which 26(49.1%) were identified as facultative anaerobes, 15(28.3 %.) as obligate anaerobes and 12(22.6%) were aerobes. Streptococcus species (Streptococcus oralis, S.mitis, S. mutans and S. constellatus) were the most predominant isolates, followed by Prevotella sp, Actinomyces sp, Enterococcus faecalis and Rothia sp respectively. ConclusionThe findings of this study show that, primary root canal infections are polymicrobial with facultative anaerobes been predominant. The determination of the microbial profile aids in understanding the pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular infections and help in choosing effective antimicrobial irrigation and medicament for root canal treatment.

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Rapid Quantification of Bacteria in Infected Root Canals Using Fluorescence Reagents and a Membrane Filter: A Pilot Study on Its Clinical Application to the Evaluation of the Outcomes of Endodontic Treatment

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2012/172935 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takuichi Sato ◽

Keiko Yamaki ◽

Naoko Ishida ◽

Megumi Shoji ◽

Emika Sato ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pilot Study ◽

Root Canal ◽

Membrane Filter ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Polycarbonate Membrane ◽

Root Canals ◽

Infected Root ◽

Present Pilot Study ◽

Detection And Quantification

Objective. The bacterial examination has been performed during the course of the root canal treatment. In the present pilot study, the new developed method, using fluorescence reagents and a membrane filter, was applied to the detection and quantification of bacteria in infected root canals, in order to evaluate the outcomes of the treatment.Methods. Six infected root canals with periapical lesions from 5 subjects were included. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects (age ranges, 23–79 years). Samples from infected root canals were collected at the beginning of the treatment (termed #25 First), the end of the first day of treatment (termed #55 First), and the next appointment day (termed #55 Second). Then, the bacterial count (CFU) was measured using fluorescence reagents (4′,6′-diamidino-2-phenylindole and propidium iodide) and the polycarbonate membrane filter by Bioplorer.Results. The mean ± SD of CFU in the sample of “#25 First” was(1.0±1.4)×105. As the root canal treatment progressed, the CFU decreased as7.9×103(#55 First) and4.3×102(#55 Second).Conclusion. In the present pilot study, rapid detection and quantification of bacteria in infected root canals were found to be successfully performed using fluorescence reagents and a membrane filter (Bioplorer analysis).

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Microbial Profile and Endotoxin Levels in Primary Periodontal Lesions with Secondary Endodontic Involvement

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201902471 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 356-362

Author(s):

Emanuel da Silva Rovai ◽

Felipe de Souza Matos ◽

Warley David Kerbauy ◽

Flávia Goulart da Rosa Cardoso ◽

Frederico Canato Martinho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Hybridization ◽

Root Canal ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Periodontal Pocket ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Exact Test ◽

Root Canals ◽

Microbial Profile ◽

Lal Assay

Abstract This study was carried out to investigate the microbial profile and endotoxin levels of endodontic-periodontal lesions of periodontal origin. Periodontal and endodontic samples were taken from periodontal pockets and necrotic root canals of 10 teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions. Evidencing of 40 different bacterial species were determined in each endodontic and periodontal sample using the checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method and Kinetic chromogenic LAL assay was used for quantification of endotoxins. Fisher’s exact test correlated the bacterial species with the endodontic or periodontal microbiota. The endotoxin levels (EU/mL) found in samples of the root canal and periodontal pocket were compared by the Wilcoxon test (p<0.05). Bacteria and LPS units were found in 100% of the endodontic and periodontal samples. The species E. faecium, P. acnes, G. morbillorum, C. sputigena and L. buccalis were strongly correlated with the endodontic microbiota and P. nigrescens with the periodontal microbiota. P. intermedia, P. endodontalis and V. parvula were more prevalent in both endodontic and periodontal microbiots. The endotoxin levels in the periodontal pocket (89600 EU/mL) were significantly higher than in the root canal (2310 EU/mL). It was concluded that the microbiota present in the periodontal and endodontic tissues is similar, with a higher prevalence of species of the orange complex and a higher level of endotoxin in the periodontal pockets.

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Antimicrobial Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy, 5% Sodium Hypochlorite and 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate in Root Canal Treated Teeth: A Clinical Study

Journal of Advanced Oral Research ◽

10.1177/23202068211018984 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 232020682110189

Author(s):

Ramesh Bharti ◽

Aseem Prakash Tikku ◽

Anil Chandra ◽

Prashant Gupta

Keyword(s):

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽

Total Bacterial Count ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Infected Root

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and chlorhexidine gluconate (CHO) in the endodontic re-treatment in the removing of microorganisms from previously filled infected root canals. Materials and Methods: The study samples consist of 54 root canal treated anterior teeth with apical periodontitis were randomly divided into three groups according to the disinfection protocol. Microbiological samples from the root canals were collected after removing the gutta-percha (S1) and following the endodontic re-treatment (S2) with either 5% NaOCl, 2% CHO or PDT procedure for 1 minute. Microbiological samples were cultivated on selective plates to assess the presence or absence of microbial growth and determine the average reduction of viable microorganisms. Results: Significant reduction in the total bacterial count in all the groups at post treatment ( P < .001). PDT provided statistically higher (99.74%) elimination of Enterococcus faecalis in comparison to NaOCl (95%) and CHO (88%). Conclusions: The use of PDT in endodontic re-treatment led to the significant reduction of the remaining bacterial species. So, PDT can be used for routine endodontic disinfection in failed root canal cases.

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The role of intracanal medicaments in inhibition of bacteria isolated from root canals of infected primary molars

Mustansiria Dental Journal ◽

10.32828/mdj.v14i1.766 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

Dr. Maha Abdul- Kareem Mahmood ◽

Dr. Huda Elias Ali ◽

Dr. Haraa Khairi Abdul-Kadher

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Normal Saline ◽

Root Canal ◽

Primary Teeth ◽

Primary Molars ◽

Root Canals ◽

Etiologic Agents ◽

Micro Organisms

Microbes are considered as the primary etiologic agents in endodontic diseases.Disinfection of the root canal is obtained by the combined effect of biomechanicalpreparation, irrigation and intra canal medicament. The aim of the present study wasto assess the antimicrobial activity of intracanal medicaments (formocresol andEndosepton) against two micro organisms (Streptococcus mutans and staphylococcusaureus) isolated from 15 necrotic pulps of primary molars indicated for pulpectomyprocedure. The samples were cultured, and purified using microbiological evaluation.Broth dilution test was performed in our study by preparing test tubes containing10 ml of BHI broth (pH. 7) which then inoculated with strains of the tested bacteriaand incubated at 37 C° for 24 h. After over night incubaction, ten fold dilution weremade in test tubes containing 9 ml of normal saline by adding 1 ml of the inoculum tothe first tube . Then from dilution 10-1 , 0.1 ml of cell suspension was added to 9.9 mlof formocresol and endosepton, then 0.1 ml was taken and spread on duplicates ofBHI agar plates at different intervals and incubated aerobically for 24 h. at 37 C°.Colonies on the plates were counted after incubation and CFU/mL (colony formingunit) was calculated. Our results indicating that there were no significant differencesbetween the intracanal medicaments, but there were high significant differencesbetween the intervals time of the study. We concluded that both materials had greatantibacterial effect against the pathogens commonly isolated from necrotic pulpaltissue of primary teeth.

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Root Canal Treatment of A Maxillary Canine With Two Root Canals: a Case Report

International Journal of Scientific Research ◽

10.15373/22778179/aug2013/134 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (8) ◽

pp. 406-407

Author(s):

Dr. Ramta Bansal ◽

◽

Dr. Aditya Jain ◽

Dr. Ramta Bansal

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Maxillary Canine ◽

Root Canals

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Comparison of the Effects of a Bioceramic and Conventional Resin-Based Sealers on Postoperative Pain after Nonsurgical Root Canal Treatment: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14102661 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 2661

Author(s):

Kiche Shim ◽

Young-Eun Jang ◽

Yemi Kim

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Root Canal ◽

Continuous Wave ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Root Canals ◽

Anterior Teeth ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Ah Plus ◽

Group 2

Background: This clinical trial aimed to compare the effects of bioceramic sealer and resin-based sealer on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain. Methods: Patients with anterior teeth or premolars requiring root canal treatment were assigned to group 1 (n = 51). Those with molars requiring treatment were assigned to group 2 (n = 57). In groups 1En and 2En, root canals were obturated with Endoseal MTA using the single-cone technique. In groups 1AH and 2AH, the sealer used was AH Plus with the continuous wave technique. On the day of canal filling, each patient was instructed to indicate their pain intensity over the 7 day postoperative period, at rest and, while biting, using a visual analog scale. Results: There was no significant difference in the incidence or intensity of postoperative pain between the Endoseal MTA and AH Plus groups during the 7 day postoperative period (p > 0.05). Less time was needed to seal the root canals with Endoseal MTA, especially in group 2 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Endoseal MTA and AH Plus had similar effects on the incidence and intensity of postoperative pain. The obturation time was shorter when using Endoseal MTA compared to AH Plus.

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The ability of Reciproc instruments to reach full working length without glide path preparation: a clinical retrospective study

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.3583 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. e3583 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Andreas Bartols ◽

Bernt-Peter Robra ◽

Winfried Walther

Keyword(s):

Retrospective Study ◽

Root Canal ◽

Primary Root ◽

Primary Treatment ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽

Root Canals ◽

Maxillary Molars ◽

Glide Path ◽

Working Length

Background Reciproc instruments are the only contemporary root canal instruments where glide path preparation is no longer strictly demanded by the manufacturer. As the complete preparation of root canals is associated with success in endodontic treatment we wanted to assess the ability and find predictors for Reciproc instruments to reach full working length (RFWL) in root canals of maxillary molars in primary root canal treatment (1°RCTx) and retreatment (2°RCTx) cases. Methods This retrospective study evaluated 255 endodontic treatment cases of maxillary molars. 180 were 1°RCTx and 75 2°RCTx. All root canals were prepared with Reciproc instruments. The groups were compared and in a binary logistic regression model predictors for RFWL were evaluated. Results A total of 926 root canals were treated with Reciproc without glide path preparation. This was possible in 885 canals (95.6%). In 1°RCTx cases 625 of 649 (96.3%) canals were RFWL and in 2°RCTx cases 260 of 277 (93.9%). In second and third mesiobuccal canals (MB2/3) 90 out of 101 (89.1%) were RFWL with Reciproc in 1°RCTx and in the 2°RCTx treatment group 49 out of 51 cases (96.1%). In mesio-buccal (MB1) canals “2°RCTx” was identified as negative predictor for RFWL (OR 0.24 (CI [0.08–0.77])). In MB2/3 canals full working length was reached less often (OR 0.04 (CI [0.01–0.31])) if the tooth was constricted and more often if MB2/3 and MB1 canals were convergent (OR 4.60 (CI [1.07–19.61])). Discussion Using Reciproc instruments, the vast majority of root canals in primary treatment and retreatment cases can be prepared without glide path preparation.

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Management of Severe Curvatures in Root Canal Treatment with the New Generation of Rotating Files Using a Safe and Predictable Protocol

The Open Dentistry Journal ◽

10.2174/1874210602014010421 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 421-425

Author(s):

Alfredo Iandolo ◽

Alessandra Amato ◽

Stefano Martina ◽

Dina Abdel latif ◽

Giuseppe Pantaleo

Keyword(s):

Surface Area ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Complex Root ◽

Root Canals ◽

New Generation ◽

Area And Volume ◽

Clinical Cases

Objective: The aim of this work was to show the management of severe curvatures done with the new generation of rotating files through a safe and predictable protocol. Methods: Three clinical cases were described. A safe protocol was explained using the latest generation of rotating files for the shaping of the anatomy of complex root canals. All the cases presented 90°, 45° curvatures and/or double curvatures. Results: The instrumentation of canals increased their surface area and volume. All the cases with 90° and 45° curvatures were optimally shaped. Conclusion: With the help of rotating files in the martensitic alloy, it is possible to work safely, while avoiding the risk of file separation, even in root canals with severe curvatures, thus achieving success even in complex clinical cases.

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Treatment of anatomic canal variations in premolar teeth: Five case reports

International Dental Research ◽

10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.41 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (Suppl. 1) ◽

pp. 279-284

Author(s):

Emre Bodrumlu ◽

Esma Dinger

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Native Speakers ◽

Case Reports ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Root Canals ◽

Treatment Indications ◽

Native Speakers Of English ◽

Root Canal Morphology ◽

Root Canal Instrumentation

Aim: The aim of this case report is to present a series of anatomical variations and endodontic treatments in four two-canal mandibular premolar teeth and three rooted three-canal maxillary second premolar teeth with root canal treatment indications identified via clinical and radiographic examinations. The success of root canal treatment is achieved with a thoroughly examined root canal morphology that has been accurately determined radiographically and clinically before adequate shaping, irrigation, and hermetic filling procedures. Root canals that are not found or not adequately disinfected can cause root canal treatment failure and complications, such as pain, swelling, or persistent fistula, also known as flare-up, after treatment. Canal variations in the teeth were detected via periapical radiographs during the root canal instrumentation stage. Methodology: The endodontic treatments of four two-canal mandibular premolar teeth and one triple-rooted three-canal maxillary second premolar with root canal treatment indications were described. Conclusion: To achieve full success in root canal treatment, anatomical variations should be examined in detail before and during treatment, and treatment should be completed with appropriate techniques. How to cite this article: Dinger E, Bodrumlu E. Treatment of anatomic canal variations in premolar teeth: Five case reports. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):279-84. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.41 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

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Knowledge and Practices Assessment of Decontamination during Root Canal Treatment in Saudi Arabia

International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science ◽

10.23958/ijirms/vol06-i01/1040 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (01) ◽

pp. 25-29

Author(s):

Necdet Adanir ◽

Hassan Alkhalaf ◽

Maram H. Alanazi ◽

Asma S. Alghamdi ◽

Abdullah A. Aljami ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Canal System ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Rubber Dam ◽

Infected Root ◽

Treatment Data ◽

Root Canal System ◽

Partial Isolation

Introduction: Bacteria play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular pathoses. For example: Apical periodontitis is an inflammation of dental periapical tissues developed as a response to colonization of microorganisms in root canal system. The elimination of microbial species from the infected root canal system necessitates a strict aseptic condition for Instrumentation, disinfection and inter appointment medication. Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans had been commonly associated organisms in treatment-resistant infections. Methods: This was an observational cross-sectional study based on web-survey questionnaires developed by the authors with high confidence. The sample size was 304 estimated using the Qualtrics calculator with a confidence level of 95% and a margin of error of 5%. The questionnaire is divided into sections, regarding endodontic practice include endodontic education , years of experience , used of rubber dam or no and how to used irrigant solution whoever Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), Chlorhexidine, chelating agents (EDTA) or (MTAD) and reasons of every irrigant that prevents during root canal treatment. Data were collected using Google forms and prepared for analysis using Microsoft Excel. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS software. Results: A total of 304 participants responded, 44.1% dental interns, 39.5% General Dentist, 9.9% Endodontist, 6.3% other dental specialty. the Probable reasons that prevent them using rubber dam during root canal treatment are: 5.9% due to difficulty to apply, 9.2% due to lack of materials, 5.3% because it is a time-consuming, 1.6% said that other isolation methods are enough (partial isolation), 3.9% because of multiple reason combined together. 48.7% they always use rubber dam, so they did not choose any of the previous reasons. Conclusion: In conclusion, we identify and understand, most of the participants “always using rubber dam” during root canal treatment and the most common reasons was time consumption that prevented dentist from using rubber. In this study majority of participants preferred NaOCl 81.9% and 7.1% don’t use it.

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