SPORT SPECIALIZATION, ATHLETIC IDENTITY, AND COPING STRATEGIES IN YOUNG ATHLETES

Background: Child and adolescent sports participation continues to rise, often with specialization in a single sport at an early age. Psychological associations with sport specialization have been reported, although targeted research is lacking. Hypothesis/Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine associations between sport specialization, levels of athletic identity, and coping skills among adolescent athletes. Methods: A cross-sectional survey study of sports medicine patients, 12-18 years, was performed. Athletes completed a one-time, voluntary, anonymous survey. Surveys included demographics, sport participation information, Athletic Identity Measurement Scale (AIMS,10-item, range 7-70), Jayanthi Sport Specialization Scale (range 0-6), and Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI, 7 subscales, range 0-84). Statistical analysis included Fisher’s exact tests, t-tests, Pearson correlations, and linear regression. Results: 334 out of 430 eligible patients completed surveys, with a response rate of 78%. Mean age was 15.0±1.8 years and participants were 64.6% female. 97.7% of participants designated participation in a primary sport, where they spent most of their time. Athletes reported starting this primary sport at a mean age of 7.2±3.7 years. Using the Jayanthi scale, 52.1% of respondents were classified as low specialization (score 0-3) and 47.9% as highly specialized (score 4-6). Sport specialization patterns did not significantly differ by age, sex, or sport. AIMS and Jayanthi scores positively correlated (r=0.39, p<0.0001), and athletes with the highest athletic identities (top 25%) were significantly more specialized than those with the weakest (bottom 25%) athletic identities (4.1 vs 2.5, p<0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated that every 1 point increase in the Jayanthi specialization scale was associated with an AIMS score increase of 2.7 points (p<0.001). The AIMS score also increased 0.83 points for every one month increase in playing their primary sport (p<0.001), and decreased 0.42 points with each year delay in starting their primary sport (p=0.02). Highly specialized athletes had significantly higher overall coping skills scores compared to low specialization athletes (51.6 vs 48.4, p<0.02), particularly on ACSI subscales of Coachability, Concentration, Confidence & Achievement Motivation, and Goal Setting & Mental Preparation (Table 1), however highly specialized athletes reported less Freedom From Worry compared to those with less specialization (5.8 vs 6.7, p=0.02). Conclusion: Athletic identity was higher in athletes who were more specialized and started their primary sport earlier in life. Greater sport specialization may confer some advantages in developing coping strategies in young athletes, however these athletes may be at risk for more worry compared to less specialized athletes. [Table: see text]

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The Nexus Between Fatigue Indices and Coping Strategies in Sports Among Oyo State Special Athletes

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2018.v14n1p151 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 151

Author(s):

Adebayo Francis Komolafe

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Cognitive Style ◽

Achievement Motivation ◽

Coping Skills ◽

Psychosocial Factor ◽

Relative Effect ◽

Composite Effect ◽

Independent Variables ◽

And Coping ◽

The Relationship

Disability sports have acquired an indispensable status in the life of many nations and the special athlete as a whole. Special athletes are exposed to a number of intense physical and psychosocial activities and they needed to make use of a set of cognitive and behavioural strategies in order to cope with these challenges and related fatigue. Hitherto, previous studies had focused largely on adaptive sports and effects of sporting activities on persons with disability without establishing a link between disabled athlete’s use of coping strategies and their achievement motivation. Therefore, it is on this premise that this study harps on the relationship between fatigue indices and coping strategies among Oyo State special athletes. Descriptive survey design using purposive sampling technique was employed. Participants of the study include all the registered special athletes in Oyo State comprising of one hundred and twenty three (123) athletes. Two standardized instruments, thus, Modified fatigue impact scale (r=0.384) and Athletic coping skills inventory (r=0.514) were both employed. Altogether, five hypotheses were tested at 0.05 significant level, and parametric statistics, Pearsons Product moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyse the data. Findings revealed significant effect of two independent variables on the dependent variable: cognitive style (β=0.294, r=0.514, P<0.05) and psychosocial factors (β=0.236, r=0.499, P<0.05), while modified fatigue impact has no significant relative effect on coping strategies. The composite effect of independent variables (Modified Fatigue Impact, Cognitive style and Psychosocial Factor) on Athletic coping skills was significant ((F(3,119)=166.777) and about 30% of the variation was accounted for by the independent variables as explained by the adjusted R square. It is therefore recommended that the relationship between fatigue indices and coping strategies is high and the higher the individuals rated their coping with fatigue caused by their disabilities, the lower they scored on fatigue experiences. The more they used coping strategies, the more efficient they coped with fatigue.

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Caregiver burden and coping strategies in caregivers of older patients with stroke

BMC Psychology ◽

10.1186/s40359-021-00556-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Azar Kazemi ◽

Jalil Azimian ◽

Maryam Mafi ◽

Kelly-Ann Allen ◽

Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Older Patients ◽

Coping Skills ◽

Well Being ◽

Positive Reappraisal ◽

Burden Of Care ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Psychological Burden ◽

And Coping

Abstract Background Coping strategies play a key role in modulating the physical and psychological burden on caregivers of stroke patients. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between the severity of burden of care and coping strategies amongst a sample of Iranian caregivers of older stroke patients. It also aimed to examine the differences of coping strategies used by male and female caregivers. Methods A total of 110 caregivers of older patients who previously had a stroke participated in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. The Zarit Burden Interview and Lazarus coping strategies questionnaires were used for data collection. Questionnaires were completed by the caregivers, who were selected using convenience sampling. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlations and independent t-tests. Results The mean age of participants was 32.09 ± 8.70 years. The majority of the caregivers sampled reported mild to moderate (n = 74, 67.3%) burden. The most commonly used coping strategies reported were positive reappraisal and seeking social support. Results of the independent t-test showed that male caregivers used the positive reappraisal strategy (t(110) = 2.76; p = 0.007) and accepting responsibility (t(110) = 2.26; p = 0.026) significantly more than female caregivers. Pearson’s correlations showed a significant positive correlation between caregiver burden and emotional-focused strategies, including escaping (r = 0.245, p = 0.010) and distancing (r = 0.204, p = 0.032). Conclusions Caregivers with higher burden of care used more negative coping strategies, such as escape-avoidance and distancing. In order to encourage caregivers to utilize effective coping skills, appropriate programs should be designed and implemented to support caregivers. Use of effective coping skills to reduce the level of personal burden can improve caregiver physical health and psychological well-being.

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Sources of Stress and Coping Strategies among Iranian Physicians

Global Journal of Health Science ◽

10.5539/gjhs.v9n1p120 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 120 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zohreh Tavakoli ◽

Ali Montazeri ◽

Ali Asghar Farshad ◽

Zahra Lotfi ◽

Ismail Noor Hassim

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Coping Skills ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Stress And Coping ◽

Work Place ◽

Stressful Situation ◽

Job Stressors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Brief Cope ◽

And Coping

BACKGROUND: Physicians are at risk of having high levels of stress which affect their performance. Finding the stressors and the coping skills to manage stress could be used to develop program to decrease stressful situation. No study has been done on Physicians' stress and coping in Iran. The main objective of this study is to find out the main stressors and coping strategies among Iranian Physicians working in hospital in Tehran-Iran.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 780 Physicians,using a questionnaire consisted of two sections ;The first section were the stressors which included 67 questions and The second section were The Brief COPE with 28-items for assessing a broad range of coping behaviors among respondents.RESULTS: A total of 1100 questionnaires were distributed to all the available Physicians in the hospitals selected. 780 Physicians returned complete questionnaires with observed response rate of 75%. The majority of respondents (56.9%) were women. The first 3 sources of stress in workplace (Job stressors) are physical environment problem (75%), too much volume of work and poorly paid. The main sources of stress outside the work place (non-job stressors) ranked by Physicians were; financial problem (9.09), not enough time to spend with family (8.87), conflicts with household tasks (7.36).The top five coping strategies used by Iranian Physicians were Behavioral Disengagement, Planning, Instrumental support, Acceptance, and turning to religion.CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that both workplace and non-job sources of stress can affect the Physicians performance and there is an association between gender and coping skills.

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No Pain, No Gain? Prevalence, Location, Context, and Coping Strategies with Regard to Pain Among Young German Elite Basketball Players

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2018-0098 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 179-189

Author(s):

Sven Schneider ◽

Johannes Sauer ◽

Gregor Berrsche ◽

Holger Schmitt

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Early Stage ◽

Continuous Process ◽

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Basketball Players ◽

Pharmaceutical Substances ◽

Frequent Consumption ◽

Ongoing Development ◽

And Coping

Abstract Pain among young athletes requires special attention given that symptoms occur during the ongoing development of the conditional, and in particular, the motor capacities, and while the musculoskeletal system is in a continuous process of growth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate prevalence, location, context, and coping strategies regarding pain among young athletes. We chose survey data of young elite athletes from the highest level national basketball leagues in Germany, as this meant that health implications may be observed earlier and in a more pronounced manner. The German ‘Adolescents’ and Children’s Health in Elite Basketball study’ (ACHE study), a quantitative survey, was conducted between April and June 2016. Analyses were based on elite basketball players between 13 and 19 years of age from 46 German teams (n = 182). Constant, and to some extent severe pain, was part of daily life of young elite basketball players: eight out of ten players in the highest German leagues suffered from pain at the time of the survey. Knee, leg, and back pain occurred most frequently. For most players, occasional or frequent consumption of analgesics was the norm, in some cases these were also taken “prophylactically”. The consumption of multiple pharmaceutical substances, especially of cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as ibuprofen and diclofenac, is widespread among adolescent elite basketball players. Physicians involved in treating these athletes should address pain and its management preemptively. Coaches, sporting organizations and parents should be involved in this process from an early stage.

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CORRELATION OF COPE-STRATEGIES, LOCUS OF CONTROL AND MOTIVATION OF ACHIEVEMENT AT MANAGERS

Вестник Пермского университета Философия Психология Социология ◽

10.17072/2078-7898/2018-4-541-549 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 541-549

Author(s):

Oleg V. Kropovnitsky ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Locus Of Control ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Achievement Motivation ◽

Psychological Characteristics ◽

External Locus ◽

Internal Locus Of Control ◽

Points Of View ◽

Level Of Motivation ◽

And Coping ◽

The Relationship

The article focuses on the theoretical and empirical analysis of the concepts of coping strategy, locus of control (internality-externality), and achievement motivation. Different points of view on coping strategies are considered, as well as achievement motivation and internality as professionally important characteristics of managers of the real sector of the economy. The structure of the interrelation between socio-psychological characteristics and coping strategies of managers is revealed. The correlations between coping strategies, locus of control, and achievement motivation have been studied. The results of the study of the relationship between coping strategies, locus of control and achievement motivation among managers made it possible to draw the following conclusions. Firstly, the higher the level of motivation for success, the greater the likelihood is that a person will use such coping strategies as planning of a solution to the problem, positive reassessment and problem-oriented coping. Secondly, the higher the level of motivation for avoiding failures, the more likely it is that a person, in the process of coping, will resort to such strategies as distancing, escape-avoidance, emotionally-oriented coping. Thirdly, the higher the level of the internal locus of control, the greater the probability of using such coping strategies as problem-solving planning, positive reassessment, and problem-oriented coping. Finally, the higher the level of the external locus of control, the greater the likelihood is of using such coping strategies as distancing, flight-avoidance, emotionally-oriented coping.

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Action-Emotion Style, Learning Approach and Coping Strategies, in Undergraduate University Students

Anales de Psicología ◽

10.6018/analesps.32.2.197991 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 457 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jesús De la Fuente ◽

José Manuel Martínez-Vicente ◽

José Luis Salmerón ◽

Manuel M. Vera ◽

María Cardelle-Elawar

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Achievement Motivation ◽

Behavior Pattern ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Positive Association ◽

Type A ◽

Learning Approach ◽

Learning Approaches ◽

Significant Positive Association ◽

And Coping

<p>Action-Emotion Style (AES) is an affective-motivational construct that describes the achievement motivation that is characteristic of students in their interaction with stressful situations. Using elements from the Type-A Behavior Pattern (TABP), characteristics of competitiveness and overwork occur in different combinations with emotions of impatience and hostility, leading to a classification containing five categories of action-emotion style (Type B, Impatient-hostile type, Medium type, Competitive-Overworking type and Type A). The objective of the present research is to establish how characteristics of action-emotion style relate to learning approach (deep and surface approaches) and to coping strategies (emotion-focused and problem-focused). The sample was composed of 225 students from the Psychology degree program. Pearson correlation analyses, ANOVAs and MANOVAs were used. Results showed that competitiveness-overwork characteristics have a significant positive association with the deep approach and with problem-focused strategies, while impatience-hostility is thus related to surface approach and emotion-focused strategies. The level of action-emotion style had a significant main effect. The results verified our hypotheses with reference to the relationships between action-emotion style, learning approaches and coping strategies. </p>

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CONTACT AND COLLISION SPORTS PARTICIPATION DURING ADOLESCENCE IS ASSOCIATED WITH REDUCED ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS

Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1177/2325967120s00169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4_suppl3) ◽

pp. 2325967120S0016

Author(s):

David R. Howell ◽

Scott Laker ◽

Michael W. Kirkwood ◽

Julie Wilson

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Sport Participation ◽

Sports Participation ◽

Contact Sport ◽

Young Athletes ◽

Contact Sports ◽

Acute Fracture ◽

History Of ◽

Domain Scores

Background: Recently, participation in contact and/or collision youth sports has received attention due to concern over exposure to repetitive head impacts. However, few studies have examined the relative risks and benefits of participation in contact and/or collision sports among young athletes currently engaged in these sports. Purposes and Hypotheses: We sought to examine whether participation in contact and/or collision sports during adolescence would be associated with quality of life (QOL) among a sample of healthy adolescent athletes undergoing a pre-participation examination. We hypothesized QOL domains scores would be similar between contact/collision and no/limited contact sport athletes. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adolescent athletes undergoing a pre-participation physical examination. During the assessment, participants completed a sport participation questionnaire and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Pediatric-25 Profile, a measure of health-related quality of life. We grouped patients based on reported organized contact/collision or limited/non-contact sports participation in the past year, as delineated by Rice (2008). We compared PROMIS domain scores between groups using Mann-Whitney U tests, and used multivariable linear regression to identify the association between PROMIS domains scores and contact/collision sport participation while adjusting for covariates (sex, age, height, history of bone, muscle, ligament, or tendon injury, history of acute fracture or dislocation) in separate models. Results: A total of 281 adolescents participated: 143 (51%) reported contact or collision sport participation in the year prior to the study. There was a significantly greater proportion of females in the no/limited contact sport group compared to the contact/collision sport group (Table 1). There was a significantly greater proportion of contact/collision sport athletes who reported past bone, muscle, ligament, or tendon injuries and acute fracture or dislocation injuries compared to no/limited contact sport athletes (Table 1). Upon univariable comparison, those in the contact/collision sport group reported significantly lower anxiety and depressive symptom domain scores than the no/limited contact sport group (Table 2). After covariate adjustment, contact/collision sport participation was significantly associated with lower anxiety and depressive symptom domain scores (Table 3). Conclusion: Adolescents participating in organized contact/collision sports reported lower anxiety and depressive symptoms than adolescents participating in no/limited contact sports. These results reinforce the need to re-examine assumptions that youth contact/collision sports are necessarily associated with negative quality of life. Future prospective studies will be required to better understand any causal relationship between contact sports and psychological well-being in young athletes, both in the short- and long-term. [Table: see text][Table: see text][Table: see text]

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University Students’ Perfectionistic Profiles: Do They Predict Achievement Goal Orientations and Coping Strategies?

Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology ◽

10.5539/jedp.v10n2p57 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Panayiota Metallidou ◽

Dimitrios Stamovlasis

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Goal Orientation ◽

Achievement Motivation ◽

Latent Class ◽

Goal Orientations ◽

Achievement Goal ◽

Self Report ◽

Group Model ◽

And Coping

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of different perfectionistic latent profiles on university students’ personal goal orientation and coping strategies. Four hundred thirty nine university students (82.5% females) from various departments (38.5% freshmen) participated in the study. Students were asked to complete anonymously three self-report questionnaires in groups in their university classes: (a) the Almost Perfect Scale-Revised was used for measuring perfectionism as a multidimensional construct, (b) the Personal Achievement Goals questionnaire for measuring achievement goal orientation (mastery orientation, performance-approach orientation, and performance-avoidance orientation), and (c) the R-COPE questionnaire for measuring adaptive and maladaptive coping strategies for everyday problems. Latent class analysis was conducted in order to create categorical perfectionistic profiles. The data support the three-group model of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionists and non-perfectionists. The adaptive and maladaptive perfectionistic profiles differ in the level of discrepancy between personal standards and accomplishments and significantly predicted adaptive and maladaptive achievement motivation and coping, respectively.

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Caregiver Burden and Coping Strategies in Caregivers of Elderly Patients with Stroke

10.21203/rs.3.rs-31733/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Azar Kazemi ◽

Jalil Azimian ◽

Maryam Mafi ◽

Kelly-Ann Allen ◽

Seyedeh Ameneh Motalebi

Keyword(s):

Elderly Patients ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Caregiver Burden ◽

Coping Skills ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male Caregivers ◽

Negative Coping ◽

And Coping

Abstract Background Coping strategies play a key role in modulating the caregiving burden. The present study was aimed to determine the severity of the burden of care and its relationship with coping strategies among caregivers of post-stroke elderly patients in Zanjan City, Iran. Methods A total of 110 caregivers of elderly patients who had previously had a stroke participated in this descriptive and cross-sectional study. A demographic checklist, Zarit Burden Interview, and Lazarus and Folkman questionnaires were used for data collection. Questionnaires were completed by the caregivers, who were selected using convenience sampling. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlations and independent t-tests. Results The mean age of 110 caregivers participated in the study was 32.09 ± 8.70 years. The most commonly used coping strategies were reappraisal and seeking social support. Results of the independent t-test showed that male caregivers used the reappraisal strategy (t(110) = 2.76; p = 0.007) and responsibility (t(110) = 2.26; p = 0.026) significantly more than female caregivers. Pearson’s correlation showed a significant positive correlation between caregiver burden and emotional-focused strategies including escaping (r = 0.245, P = 0.010) and distancing (r = 0.204, P = 0.032). Conclusions Based on the results, caregivers with higher burden care used more negative coping strategies, such as escape and distancing. In order to encourage caregivers to utilize effective coping skills, appropriate programs should be designed and implemented to support caregivers. Use of effective coping skills to reduce the level of personal burden can improve caregiver physical health and psychological well-being.

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DEPRESSION AMONG WORKING WOMEN

10.36106/ijsr/8045218 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-2

Author(s):

Deepthi M ◽

Smitha Reddy

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Working Mothers ◽

Coping Skills ◽

Working Women ◽

Single Woman ◽

Work Pressure ◽

Current Review ◽

Depression Level ◽

And Coping

The current review aims to evaluate the depression level among working women and working mothers. It also focuses on the stressors in the workplace and type of personality, attitude towards work, and coping strategies towards reducing depressive symptoms. Many of the studies have indicated that females experience more stress and depressive symptoms compared to men. Furthermore, this study reveals the association between work pressure and depressive symptoms. Working mothers are experiencing stress and depressive symptoms which are far different from a single woman could experience. In the line of personality, introverts have overtaken others in experiencing a lot of stress and depressive symptoms. Coping strategies like problem-focused and other active coping skills can help women to stay optimized and to build self-resilient characters on their own.

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