Creating Order Out of Chaos? Development of a Measure of Perceived Effects of Communication on the Crisis Organizing Process

Organizations are important sources of communication during natural-hazard crises. How members of an organization perceive these communications (e.g., creating confusion, causing disorder, providing clarity, and restoring order) influences response and recovery from such a crisis. Using Chaos Theory as a guiding framework, the authors developed a new instrument measuring the perceived effects of an organization’s communication on crisis-organizing processes. Three distinct studies were conducted to assess the reliability and validity of this new instrument: the “Perceived Effects of Communication on the Crisis-organizing Process (PEC-COP)” scale. This one-factor scale can be used by both scholars and practitioners to assess the effects of an organization’s communication on how people organize (i.e., react and respond) during a crisis. By gaining greater insight into how an organization’s communication is perceived, the organization can better prepare to communicate in ways that promote efficient and effective crisis-organizing processes throughout a natural-hazard crisis. Effective communication can create order out of chaos.

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The Psychometric Properties of the Measure of Adolescent Relationship Harassment and Abuse (MARSHA) With a Nationally Representative Sample of U.S. Youth

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260520985480 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088626052098548

Author(s):

Emily F. Rothman ◽

Carlos A. Cuevas ◽

Elizabeth A. Mumford ◽

Eva Bahrami ◽

Bruce G. Taylor

Keyword(s):

Representative Sample ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Population Based ◽

Good Reliability ◽

Adolescent Dating ◽

Dating Abuse ◽

New Instrument ◽

Convergent And Divergent Validity ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Adolescent Relationship

This article describes a new instrument that assesses adolescent dating abuse (ADA) victimization and perpetration. The Measure of Adolescent Relationship Harassment and Abuse (MARSHA) is a comprehensive instrument that includes items on physical, sexual, and psychological ADA, as well as cyber dating abuse, social control, and invasion of privacy. Data for this study came from a population-based, nationally representative sample of adolescents ages 11 to 21 years old ( N = 1,257). Exploratory factor analysis was conducted for the victimization and perpetration versions of the MARSHA, and convergent and divergent validity were assessed using the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory (CADRI) and the juvenile victimization questionnaire (JVQ), respectively. Results suggest that the MARSHA has good reliability and validity, and that each subscale had good internal consistency. The authors propose that the MARSHA may be a strong alternative to the CADRI or the conflict tactics scale (CTS) because it reflects contemporary forms of abuse, such as online harassment and pressure to send nude selfies, and the nonconsensual dissemination of sexually explicit images.

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Towards the development of a DSS supporting the integration of crowdsourcing in theory testing: Analytical framework design

10.26686/wgtn.12616910 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

I Enwereuzo ◽

Pedro Antunes ◽

David Johnstone

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Design Science ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Research Process ◽

Theory Testing ◽

Analytic Framework ◽

Framework Design ◽

Internet Users ◽

Insight Into

© 2019 Association for Information Systems. All rights reserved. Crowdsourcing can be an adopted strategy for researchers where tasks are distributed to internet users to harness different forms of data, which adds to the reliability and validity of the research process. As theory testing is an essential part of the research process, involving activities that most times needs input from different and diverse participants, the need to consider adopting the crowdsourcing strategy for theory testing is paramount. Adopting a design science paradigm to manage this challenge, we design an analytic framework which comprises of important attributes that need to be considered if crowdsourcing is to be used for any of the theory testing activities. The framework which was justified using sample cases gives us an insight into what attributes make such activity crowdsource-able. The value of this artefact lies in its capacity to help researchers utilize crowdsourcing to their advantage.

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Reliability and validity of a new instrument to measure tolerance of everyday risk for children

Child Care Health and Development ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2214.2012.01414.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 68-76 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A. Hill ◽

A. C. Bundy

Keyword(s):

Reliability And Validity ◽

New Instrument

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Self-Administered Version of the Stevens Placement Readiness Scale

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.1986.59.1.329 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 329-330

Author(s):

Walter D. Tropf ◽

Cheryl E. Green

Keyword(s):

Reliability And Validity ◽

The Self ◽

New Instrument ◽

Satisfactory Approximation ◽

Original Scale

A self-administered version of the Stevens Placement Readiness Scale is presented. Reliability and validity of the self-administered scale were assessed and the new instrument was a satisfactory approximation of the original scale.

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Applying the Rasch Model to Evaluate the Self-Directed Online Learning Scale (SDOLS) for Graduate Students

The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning ◽

10.19173/irrodl.v21i3.4654 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hongwei Yang ◽

Jian Su ◽

Kelly D. Bradley

Keyword(s):

Online Learning ◽

Online Education ◽

Student Perceptions ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

The Self ◽

Retention Rates ◽

Scale Model ◽

New Instrument

With the rapid growth of online learning and the increased attention paid to student attrition in online programs, much research has been aimed at studying the effectiveness of online education to improve students’ online learning experience and student retention. Utilizing the online learning literature as a multi-faceted theoretical framework, the study developed and employed a new survey instrument. The Self-Directed Online Learning Scale (SDOLS) was used to examine graduate student perceptions of effectiveness of online learning environments as demonstrated by their ability to take charge of their own learning, and to identify key factors in instructional design for effective improvements. The study applied the Rasch rating scale model to evaluate and validate SDOLS through a psychometric lens to establish the reliability and validity of SDOLS. Results from Rasch analysis addressed two research questions. First, evidence was found to generally support the new instrument as being psychometrically sound but three problematic items were also identified as grounds for future improvement of SDOLS. Second, the study assessed the importance of various factors as measured by the SDOLS items in contributing to students’ ability to self-manage their own online learning. Finally, the new instrument is expected to contribute to the work of various stakeholders in online education and can serve to improve students’ online learning experience and effectiveness, increase online retention rates, and reduce online dropouts.

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Quest for a New Instrument for Measuring Academic Program Quality

Research in World Economy ◽

10.5430/rwe.v10n4p40 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 40

Author(s):

Kaushik Mandal ◽

Chandan Kumar Banerjee ◽

Iwona Otola

Keyword(s):

Factor Analysis ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Academic Program ◽

Program Quality ◽

Hospitality Education ◽

New Instrument ◽

Higher Education Quality ◽

Education In India ◽

Quality Aspect

This research explores and confirms a new way of measuring the quality aspect of an academic program based on hospitality education. In our opinion, there is a growing demand for specialists in hospitality education in India. The fact that the number of hospitality education institutes is increasing doesn’t go hand in hand with the care for the quality of education. Hence, we present one set an alternative trajectory by offering a new instrument APQUAL for measurement of quality of hospitality program offered by an educational institute. A critical review of the literature on the major instrument for measuring higher education quality has been done. The empirical part of the paper presents the developed in eight steps APQUAL construct that is an effective instrument to analyze the academic program quality. This work explored a number of facets of program quality by employing EFA (exploratory factor analysis) and CFA (confirmatory factor analysis) to fit the first order nonrecursive model and calculated the reliability and validity of our proposed instrument. This research provides a valid measure of academic program quality, which can be also applicable at the micro-level.

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Qualitative Methods in Rehabilitation Research and their Relevance to Rehabilitation Counselling Practice

Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling ◽

10.1017/s1323892200000983 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 12-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ross Crisp

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Research ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Qualitative Methods ◽

Knowledge Base ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Research Methodologies ◽

Persons With Disabilities ◽

The Individual ◽

Insight Into

This paper discusses the potential limitations, and barriers to acceptance, of qualitative research methodologies. Qualitative research has been dismissed for consisting of small unrepresentative samples that limit the generalisability of findings, for lacking reliability and validity, for providing analyses that mask the individual differences that it purports to highlight, and for being too subjective. It was argued that these criticisms have to be considered against a different set of criteria to those applied to quantitative research. Moreover, the rationale behind qualitative research can provide rehabilitation counsellors with a better understanding of living with disability. This paper seeks to encourage rehabilitation counsellors to (a) gain insight into the different perspectives of persons with disabilities; (b) develop their clinical or knowledge base; and (c) be self-reflexive and critically self-examine their interaction with clients.

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U.S. Floods

State and Local Government Review ◽

10.1177/0160323x17731890 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 49 (2) ◽

pp. 127-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Beverly A. Cigler

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Local Governments ◽

Disaster Response ◽

Natural Hazard ◽

The United States ◽

Mitigation Strategies ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Response And Recovery ◽

Property Losses ◽

State And Local

Floods are the costliest natural hazard events in the United States in terms of lives and property losses. The financial costs of flood disasters are unsustainable, especially for the national government, which assumes the most costs while state and local governments have the greatest ability to avoid great losses due to their influence over land use, economic policy, and other areas that can help mitigate floods and reduce the high costs of relief and recovery. This article summarizes the types, causes, and occurrence of floods in the United States and their unsustainable economic and social costs. It explains that the growing burden to taxpayers from disaster response and recovery has resulted in increased interest by national decision makers in shifting more disaster responsibilities and costs to state and local governments. The article reviews the broad tool kit of mitigation strategies available to local governments and their residents in taking greater responsibility for the impacts of flood events.

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Development, Reliability, and Validity Testing of the Ethical Behavior Test: A Measure for Nurses’ Ethical Behavior

Journal of Nursing Measurement ◽

10.1891/1061-3749.5.1.87 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 87-112 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Bernadette Dierckx de Casterlé ◽

Mieke Grypdonck ◽

Magda Vuylsteke-Wauters

Keyword(s):

Ethical Behavior ◽

Ethical Reasoning ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Validity Testing ◽

Many Instruments ◽

New Instrument ◽

Optimal Mix ◽

Research Findings ◽

Substantial Degree ◽

Behavior Test

The need for reliable and valid measures for ethical behavior of nurses has encouraged the authors to develop a new instrument to measure students’ ethical behavior in daily nursing dilemmas. Characteristic of the instrument presented is the inclusion of two fundamental components of ethical behavior: (1) ethical reasoning (and the resulting decision), and (2) the actual implementation of the ethical decision. As for many instruments, Kohlberg’s theory of moral development has been used as the conceptual framework. However, Kohlberg’s abstract justice orientation was refined by a care perspective and representative nursing dilemmas were used to make the instrument conceptually more appropriate for measuring nurses’ ethical behavior. The analysis of the psychometric properties of the instrument has provided several relevant indications for the reliability and validity of the ethical reasoning and implementation scores. The revealed inconsistencies in the Ethical Behavior Test could be satisfactorily interpreted in terms of Kohlberg’s theory and related empirical research findings, supporting the reliability of the ethical behavior scores. The content validity rests upon the careful development of the instrument resulting in an optimal mix of dilemmas, arguments and care situations to reveal nurses’ ethical behavior and in a substantial degree of correspondence between the concept and operationalization. The congruency between the patterns of ethical behavior and Kohlberg’s theoretical insights about ethical reasoning and practice support the construct validity of the instrument.

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