scholarly journals Spending More or Spending Less? Institutional Expenditures and Staffing in the Free-College Era

AERA Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 233285842110344
Author(s):  
Taylor K. Odle ◽  
Alex B. Monday
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Staffing Levels ◽  
Student Access ◽  
Institutional Responses ◽  
Institutional Expenditures ◽  
College Programs

While research has documented outcomes for students served by promise programs, few studies have considered the behavior of institutions themselves in the promise era. A new source of revenue combined with larger and more diverse cohorts is likely to motivate changes in spending and staffing—decisions instrumental to student access and success. We employ complementary difference-in-differences and synthetic control strategies to estimate impacts of the first statewide promise program on these two outcomes. Findings suggest institutions diverted expenditures away from instruction, academic support, and institutional support toward greater institutional grant awards. We find no meaningful impact on staffing levels. While some institutional actions may further support the access and success goals of promise programs, the diversity of programs across the nation suggests not all may follow suit. This study should inform policy makers considering the full extent of outcomes of free-college programs and invigorate further research on institutional responses.

Information Literacy and Education Policy: An Instrumental Case Study of the Ontario Public School Curriculum

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pia Liv Russell
Keyword(s):  
Information Literacy ◽  
Rhetorical Analysis ◽  
School Curriculum ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Education System ◽  
Instrumental Case Study ◽  
Student Access ◽  
Literacy Policy ◽  
Étude Cas

This interdisciplinary case study explores information literacy policy in Ontario’s public education system. Using interviews with policy makers and a rhetorical analysis of information literacy policy documents, it finds Ontario’s current information literacy policy inadequate to the task of providing equitable student access to opportunities for information literacy development.Une étude cas interdisciplinaire explore la politique de littératie informationnelle du système d’éducation publique de l’Ontario. En utilisant des entrevues avec les décideurs et une analyse rhétorique des documents sur la politique de littératie informationnelle, il est démontré que la politique de littératie informationnelle actuelle de l’Ontario est inappropriée pour la mission qui vise à offrir aux étudiants un accès équitable aux possibilités de développement de la littératie informationnelle. 

scholarly journals Development of a Control Systems Training Module for Application on Undergraduate Engineering Classes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano A. E. Silva ◽  
Ivan Barroso ◽  
Alexsander Menezes ◽  
Alessandro R. L. Zachi ◽  
Milena F. Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Training Module ◽  
Undergraduate Engineering ◽  
Student Access ◽  
Training Control

Student access to laboratory experiments is critical in undergraduate engineering courses since it integrates theory and practice. The access of students to such practical examples helps them to understand and apply what is learned. However, due to rapid technological advancement, educational kits can quickly become obsolete. Besides, there are many known commercial platforms for training.Many of them have steep prices, which makes their availability dicult for every student. The present work proposes a low-cost ATMEGA-based system as the main device for an educational tool for training Control System Theory. The system enables the students to test dierent control strategies through the use of a simple educational kit.

The Effect of Concealed-Carry and Handgun Restrictions on Gun-Related Deaths: Evidence from the Sullivan Act of 1911

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Briggs Depew ◽  
Isaac Swensen
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Historical Data ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Concealed Carry

Abstract The 1911 NY State Sullivan Act (SA) outlawed carrying concealable firearms without a licence, established strict licencing rules, and regulated the sale and possession of handguns. We analyse the effects of the SA using historical data on mortality rates, pistol permits, and citations for illegal carrying. Our analysis of pistol permits and citations reveal clear initial effects of the SA on gun-related behaviours. Using synthetic control and difference-in-differences methodologies, our main analyses show no effects on overall homicide rates, evidence of a reduction in overall suicide rates, and strong evidence of a large and sustained decrease in gun-related suicide rates.

Integration of Renewable Energy in Refrigerated Warehouses

2015 ◽  
pp. 803-853
Author(s):  
Kostadin Fikiin ◽  
Borislav Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Food Storage ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
And Control

Refrigerated warehouses are large energy consumers and account for a significant portion of the global energy demand. Nevertheless the opportunity for integration of renewable resources in the energy supply of large cold storage facilities is very often unjustifiably neglected, whereas the employment of renewable energy for many other industrial and comfort applications is actively promoted and explored. In that context, the purpose of this chapter is to bridge the existing gap by raising the public awareness of stakeholders, researchers, practicing engineers and policy makers about the availability of a number of smart engineering solutions and control strategies to exploit renewables of different nature (solar, wind, geothermal, biogas, etc.) in the food storage sector, as well as by calling the readers' attention to the specialised knowledge in the matter, which has been published so far.

Do Targeted Business Subsidies Improve Income and Reduce Poverty? A Synthetic Control Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-375
Author(s):  
Jacob Bundrick ◽  
Weici Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
County Level ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Incentive Programs ◽  
Subsidy Program ◽  
Capita Personal Income

Interstate competition for economic development has led many states to adopt targeted economic development incentive programs known as deal-closing funds. Deal-closing funds allow state officials to provide discretionary cash grants to select businesses to attract and retain economic development projects. However, whether these targeted business subsidies increase prosperity in the local economy remains unclear. The authors use evidence from Arkansas’s Quick Action Closing Fund to analyze how effective deal-closing funds are at increasing incomes and decreasing poverty. Specifically, the causal effects of the Quick Action Closing Fund on Arkansas’s county-level per capita personal income and poverty rates are estimated using a synthetic control approach. The results largely suggest that the business subsidy program fails to increase incomes and lower poverty rates over the long term, at least at the county level. These findings should serve as a caution to policy makers who wish to improve incomes and poverty rates with targeted business subsidies.

scholarly journals Does Occupational Deregulation Affect In-Company Vocational Training? – Evidence from the 2004 Reform of the German Trade and Crafts Code

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petrik Runst ◽  
Jörg Thomä
Keyword(s):  
Vocational Training ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
German Trade ◽  
Cost Channel ◽  
Synthetic Control Methods ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Entry Restrictions ◽  
Rule Out

AbstractThe European Commission actively evaluates occupational entry restrictions in all member states. This has attracted a growing interest among scholars of the German crafts sector as it is governed by an idiosyncratic national set of rules. We estimate the effects of the deregulation of the German Trade and Crafts Code in 2004 on the overall vocational training levels in affected crafts trades. We employ Difference-in-Differences regressions as well as Synthetic Control Methods on data for the entire population of the German crafts sector. We provide evidence that the overall effect of the reform on vocational training levels was negative. While we cannot comprehensively rule out all potential confounding factors, we address competing explanations related to demand shocks, recession effect, and migration. In addition, there is evidence that the overall deregulation effects can be decomposed into a sunk-cost-channel and a firm size channel.

Assessing the Impact of Temperature Change on the Effectiveness of Insecticide-Treated Nets

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Insecticide Treated Nets ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Mosquito Abundance ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Malaria is a vector-borne illness affecting millions of lives annually and imposes a heavy financial burden felt worldwide. Moreover, there is growing concern that global climate change, in particular, rising temperature, will increase this burden. As such, policy makers are in need of tools capable of informing them about the potential strengths and weaknesses of intervention and control strategies. A previously developed agent-based model of the Anopheles gambiae mosquito is extended, one of the primary vectors of malaria, to investigate how changes in temperature influence the dynamics of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of a common malaria intervention: insecticide-treated nets (ITNs). Results from the simulations suggest two important findings. Consistent with previous studies, an increase in mosquito abundance as temperature increases is observed. However, the increase in mosquito abundance reduces the effectiveness of ITNs at a given coverage level. The implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluasi Program Akselerasi di SMA Negeri 3 Kota Gorontalo

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zelan Tamrin Danial
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Academic Support ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Product Evaluation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Accelerated Program ◽  
Academic Support Personnel ◽  
School Supports

Evaluation Of The Acceleration Program In SMA Negeri 3, Gorontalo. This study aims to: a) evaluate various policies regarding the acceleration program in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city at the context stage, b) evaluate the availability of available resources to support the implementation of the acceleration program in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city at the input stage, c) evaluate the implementation of the acceleration program at SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city at the stage of the process, and d) evaluate the success achieved in the implementation of the acceleration program in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city at the product stage. This study employs an evaluative approach with data collection techniques, such as interview, observation and documentation.The results indicate that; 1) the results of the evaluation context that supports the acceleration program at SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city show that there is an acceleration program of policy in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo City and the understanding of policy makers about the acceleration program in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city is intensively good , the formulation of the vision and mission of the school supports the policy implementation of the accelerated program, b) the results of the input evaluation show that the input component is a) the availability of human resources, namely teachers and academic support personnel, 2) the availability of facilities and infrastructure that support the implementation of the program (classes, laboratories, IT), d) curriculum, e) student recruitment , f) availability of funds, all of which support the acceleration program at SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city, 3) the results of the evaluation of the process show that the stages of the learning process carried out in the acceleration program in SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city are very dynamic and support the improvement of the competence of students studying in the accelerated class, and 4) the results of product evaluation indicate that a product stage of the acceleration program at SMA Negeri 3 Gorontalo city , shows that the evaluation criteria for students’ learning outcomes in the accelerated class display good results with an average of 95.75 or very good category.

scholarly journals Impacts of Reopening Strategies for COVID-19 Epidemic: A Modeling Study in Piedmont Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Pernice ◽  
Paolo Castagno ◽  
Linda Marcotulli ◽  
Milena Maria Maule ◽  
Lorenzo Richiardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
The Government

Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2), the causative agent of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), is a highly transmittable virus. Since the first person-to-person transmission of SARS-CoV-2 was reported in Italy on February 21 st , 2020, the number of people infected with SARS-COV-2 increased rapidly, mainly in northern Italian regions, including Piedmont. A strict lockdown was imposed on March 21 st until May 4 th when a gradual relaxation of the restrictions started. In this context, computational models and computer simulations are one of the available research tools that epidemiologists can exploit to understand the spread of the diseases and to evaluate social measures to counteract, mitigate or delay the spread of the epidemic. Methods This study presents an extended version of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infected-Removed-Susceptible (SEIRS) model accounting for population age structure. The infectious population is divided into three sub-groups: (i) undetected infected individuals, (ii) quarantined infected individuals and (iii) hospitalized infected individuals. Moreover, the strength of the government restriction measures and the related population response to these are explicitly represented in the model. Results The proposed model allows us to investigate different scenarios of the COVID-19 spread in Piedmont and the implementation of different infection-control measures and testing approaches. The results show that the implemented control measures have proven effective in containing the epidemic, mitigating the potential dangerous impact of a large proportion of undetected cases. We also forecast the optimal combination of individual-level measures and community surveillance to contain the new wave of COVID-19 spread after the re-opening work and social activities. Conclusions Our model is an effective tool useful to investigate different scenarios and to inform policy makers about the potential impact of different control strategies. This will be crucial in the upcoming months, when very critical decisions about easing control measures will need to be taken.

scholarly journals Hidden Violence: How COVID-19 School Closures Reduced the Reporting of Child Maltreatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Francisco Cabrera-Hernández ◽  
María Padilla-Romo
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Synthetic Control ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
School Closures ◽  
Education Professionals ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Crime Reports

This study examines how school closures during the COVID-19 pandemic affected the reporting of child maltreatment in Mexico City. We use a rich panel dataset on incident-level crime reports and victim characteristics and exploit the differential effects between school-age children and older individuals. While financial and mental distress due to the COVID-19 pandemic may result in additional cases of child maltreatment, synthetic control and difference-in-differences estimations document an average reduction in child maltreatment reports of 29% and 30%, respectively, with larger reductions among females and in higher-poverty municipalities. These results highlight the important role education professionals in school settings play in the early detection and reporting of domestic violence against school-age children.

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