The Assessment of Reduction Status Using Radiographic Parameters and Ideal Trans-Fixation Technique for Unstable Syndesmotic Injury with Ankle Fracture

Category: Ankle, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Anatomical restoration of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis is essential in ankle fractures with syndesmotic injury. However, intraoperative reference line of penetrating angle and evaluation of reduction status remains without consensus. The purpose of this study is to analyze the reduction status of syndesmotic injury using radiographic parameters and to find ideal fixation angle treated with trans-fixation in unstable syndesmotic injury. Methods: Twenty-six patients with ankle fractures with syndesmotic injury that underwent preoperative and postoperative bilateral computed tomography (CT) scans were enrolled. A multi-center study was performed in two tertiary medical centers. All patients were treated with tibiofibular trans-fixation screw or tight rope® fixation. The axial sections of bilateral CT scans were reviewed to measure Fibular Diastasis (FD) and Surface Area of Syndesmosis (SAS) at the level of 1.0 cm above ankle joint. Reduction status was measured by calculating the ratio of postoperative and intact side using radiologic parameters. The trans-fixation angles between the perpendicular line of incisura and distal trans-fixation material was measured. Patients were classified by trans-fixation angle into three groups, as showing 0 -1 degree (A), 1-5 degree (B), 5 or more degree (C) in absolute value. Results: The mean value of reduction status ratio was 1.13 in FD and 1.27 in SAS. The absolute mean value of trans-fixation angle was 4.11°. Trans-fixation angle and reduction status had positive correlation in FD (R = 0.522, p = 0.006) and SAS ratio (R = 0.695, p = 0.000). The absolute mean value of trans-fixation angle in group A, B, C was 0.56° (7 cases), 3.01° (12 cases), and 8.90° (7 cases). The mean value of FD ratio in group A, B, C was 1.01, 1.03 and 1.41. FD and SAS ratio had no difference between group A and B but had significant difference between group A, B and C (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Inappropriate trans-fixation technique had correlated with the loss of reduction after treatment of unstable ankle fracture associated with syndesmotic injury. An angle of 5° from the perpendicular line of the incisura is considered as the ideal trans-fixation angle to maintain the reduction status.

Download Full-text

The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration

International Journal of Implant Dentistry ◽

10.1186/s40729-021-00327-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emmanouil Chatzipetros ◽

Spyros Damaskos ◽

Konstantinos I. Tosios ◽

Panos Christopoulos ◽

Catherine Donta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Regeneration ◽

Mean Value ◽

Parietal Bone ◽

Female Rats ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Post Surgery ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B ◽

The Right

Abstract Background This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. Methods Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. Results The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). Conclusions Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.

Download Full-text

the value of patient hydration prior to bone scintigraphy

Journal of Diagnostic Radiography and Imaging ◽

10.1017/s1460472803000038 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13-18

Author(s):

s. m. stace ◽

s. m. huggett ◽

b. k. denton ◽

a. m. harries

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Bone Scintigraphy ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Mean Value ◽

Regions Of Interest ◽

Femoral Diaphysis ◽

Post Injection ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B

the aim of this study was to establish whether hydration prior to radiopharmaceutical injection, in addition to post injection hydration, contributed any value to image quality during bone scintigraphy. two hundred patients referred for bone imaging over a four month period were randomised into two groups. group a was issued with instructions to hydrate pre and post injection, and group b was only advised to hydrate between injection and scan. equal regions of interest (roi) were then drawn on each image: firstly over the femoral diaphysis, and secondly over the contra-lateral adductor area. the total number of gamma counts from the bone roi and the soft tissue roi was then expressed as a ratio, and a mean value for each group was established.the mean ratio for group a was found to be 2.25, and for group b 2.30. a t test of variance confirmed that there was no statistical difference between the ratios of the groups (t = 50.272, n = 5100, p = 50.618). it was concluded that hydration levels prior to bone scintigraphy injection, where it is preserved post injection, have no significant effect on the bone-soft tissue (b:st) ratio in the image.

Download Full-text

The Effect of Gongronema Latifolum (Utazi) on Some Haematological Parameters of Rabbit

10.37191/mapsci-jccr-1(2)-014 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi

Keyword(s):

Mean Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Mean Values ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B ◽

Differential White Blood Cell ◽

Group D ◽

Gongronema Latifolium

The hematological features of Gongronema latifolium, aqueous leaves extract was evaluated using standard methods. After 10 days of consecutive infusions into 9 experimental animals (rabbits). The rabbits were monitored and the following parameters determined; hemoglobin (HB), PCV, Platelet, WBC, Differential White Blood Cell. The Rabbits were grouped into 4, one consisting of control (group A), group B was fed with 0.5 mg/kg, group C with 1.0 mg/kg, and Group D with 1.5mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Gongronemalatifolium. The mean values obtained for hemoglobin estimation for the control group is 5.9 ± 4.1 g/dl, 9.1 ± 2.9 g/dl for group B 10.2 ± 1.8 g/dl for group C and 12.8 ± 0.1 g/dl for group D with no significant increase on the PCV estimation, the mean value for the control (group A) is 17.7 ± 12.3%, 27.3 ± 8.7% for group B, group C (30.6 ± 5.4%) and D (28.4 ± 0.3) show increase that statistically significant (p > 0.01). the platelet counts of group C (600 ± 0 x 109/L) and D(600 ± 0 x 109/L) show significant increase (p > 0.01) when compared with the control (600 ± 00). But the platelet value of group B (550 ± 50 x 109/L) shows no difference. No significant changes were observed in the White Blood Counts of the test groups B (3.5 ± 0.5 x 109/L), C (1.9 + 2.1 x 109/L) and D(3.6 ± 0.4) when compared with the control group (2.9 ± 1.9). The values obtained from the differential White Blood Counts (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils and Monocytes) were not significant. Therefore, Gongronemalatifolium, when properly taken as a nutritional diet, causes beneficial changes on hemoglobin, packed cell volumes and platelet counts of consumers.

Download Full-text

The Development of Heterotopic Ossification Following Ankle Fracture Syndesmotic Screw Fixation

Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics ◽

10.1177/2473011419s00441 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 2473011419S0044

Author(s):

Benjamin R. Williams ◽

Paul M. Lafferty

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heterotopic Ossification ◽

Ankle Fracture ◽

Screw Fixation ◽

Low Energy ◽

Ankle Fractures ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Syndesmotic Screw ◽

The Mean

Category: Ankle, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Syndesmotic fixation with screws is commonly used for ankle fractures with syndesmotic disruption. Few studies have reported the development of heterotopic ossification (HO) within the syndesmosis following ankle injuries, which may lead to abnormal joint kinematics and even joint synostosis. However, there is little data on the prevalence and on the risk factors associated with the development of HO. The purpose of this study is to determine the (1) prevalence and (2) risk factors associated with the development of HO within the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis following ankle fractures requiring syndesmotic fixation. We hypothesized that screws within the syndesmosis articulation and broken screws would be associated with a higher incidence of HO than extraarticular and intact screws, respectively. Methods: A retrospective review was conducted for patients who sustained an ankle fracture with syndesmotic disruption. Inclusion criteria: age between 18 and 65 years old, a closed ankle fracture treated operatively with syndesmotic screw fixation. Exclusion criteria: additional lower extremity injury, history of prior ankle fracture, lack of radiographic follow-up and fixation other than 1 or 2 syndesmosis screws. Medical records were reviewed for: age, sex, high or low energy injury mechanism, smoking status, diabetes, BMI, perioperative complications, and further procedures. Fractures were classified by Lauge-Hansen and Weber systems. Immediate postoperative radiographs were reviewed for the number of syndesmotic screws, whether screws were intraarticular or extraarticular and the number of cortices each screw crossed. Final postoperative radiographs were reviewed for retention or screw removal and the presence of HO. The presence of HO was defined as new or increased bone formation within the syndesmosis compared to immediate postoperative radiographs. Results: Included were 264 patients, mean radiographic follow-up of 10.5+/-10.2 months. The mean age was 39.2+/-12.6 years (38.7% female) with a mean BMI of 32.1+/-7.8. Current smokers made up 39.4% of patients and 10.6% were diabetic. The mean time to fracture fixation was 12.6+/-3.2 days and 198 patients (75%) had a low energy injury. There was no significant difference in HO formation for demographics, injury mechanism or time to fixation. Overall, HO developed in 160 patients (60.6%). There was no difference, additionally for fracture pattern, number screws or fixation construct (Table 1). HO developed in 92% of broken, 75% of loose and 44% of intact screws (P<0.001). Screws were removed in 107 patients (40.5%) with no difference in HO formation compared to patients with intact screws. Conclusion: Heterotopic ossification is commonplace following screw fixation for syndesmotic injuries with a prevalence of 60.6%. Broken screws and loosened screws are a significant risk factor for the development of HO. However, no other risk factors in this study were found to be associated with the development of HO, including intraarticular syndesmotic screw placement. Patients should be counseled on the prevalence although further research is needed to determine the effect on ankle motion and progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.

Download Full-text

Serum Periostin Level in Asthmatic Children with Exercise Induced Bronchospasm

Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.9734/jammr/2020/v32i1730642 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 53-67

Author(s):

Reem M. Soliman ◽

Mohamed B. Hamza ◽

Rasha M. El-Shafiey ◽

Hesham A. Elserogy ◽

Nabil M El-Esawy

Keyword(s):

Test Group ◽

Mean Value ◽

Control Group ◽

Asthmatic Children ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Group B ◽

And Control ◽

Serum Periostin

Background: There are few biomarkers that can be easily accessed in clinical settings and may reflect refractory Th2-eosinophlic inflammation and remodeling of the asthmatic airways. Serum periostin may be one such biomarker to aid our understanding of the patho-bio-physiology of asthma and exercise induced asthma. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between serum periostin level and exercise induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on (90) children both sexes aged from 6 to 15 years including, (60) children with bronchial asthma and (30) children were enrolled as control group in the period from January 2018 to January 2019. Patients were randomly classified into two groups: I) Patient group: divided into 2 groups according to standardized treadmill exercise challenge test: Group A: (30) asthmatic children with positive test. Group B: (30) asthmatic children with negative test. II-Control group: (30) children apparently healthy with no personal or family history of asthma. All children were subjected to the following Investigations: Chest x-ray, pulmonary functions tests (FEV1 & PEFR) except controls, Laboratory investigations as CBC and Serum periostin level. Results: The mean values of both the percentage of PEFR and FEV1 after exercise in group A were significantly lower than those in group B and the percentage of PEFR and FEV1 after exercise in each group were significantly lower than the percentage before exercise in the same group. The mean value of eosinophilic count in group A was significantly higher than (group B and control group) and the mean value of eosinophilic count in group B was significantly higher than control group. The mean value of serum level of periostin in group A was significantly higher than (group B and control group), however, there was no significant difference between group B and control group as regard to serum level of periostin. Chest tightness, cough and wheezes after exercise and eosinophilic count in patients with high serum periostin level were significantly higher than patients with low serum periostin level, and both PEFR and FEV1 after exercise in patients with high serum periostin level were significantly lower than patients with low serum periostin level. Also the normal serum periostin levels vary among different age groups. Conclusion: Serum periostin level can be considered as a useful biomarker for diagnosis of Exercise induced bronchospasm (EIB) in asthmatic children especially when lung function test cannot be done However, cautious is required in evaluating serum periostin levels in children because it varies with age.

Download Full-text

18f-Fludeoxyglucose and 11c-Methionine PET/CT Scans in Patients with Multiple Myeloma Following Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation (auto-HSCT)

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood-2018-99-112886 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 132 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 3433-3433

Author(s):

Maxim V. Solovev ◽

Larisa P. Mendeleeva ◽

Maiia V. Firsova ◽

Irakly P. Aslanidi ◽

Olga V. Mukhortova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Myeloma ◽

Ct Scan ◽

Mean Value ◽

Disease Stage ◽

Ct Scans ◽

Pet Ct ◽

Abnormal Accumulation ◽

The Mean ◽

18F Fdg ◽

Pet Ct Scan

Abstract Introduction: Over the past years, possible use of PET/CT scan for diagnosis of multiple myeloma has been intensively studied; there is evidence that the use of 11C-methionine instead of 18F-fludeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) in multiple myeloma patients promotes the decrease in false negative PET/CT scan results. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of detection of residual tumor lesions in MM patients following auto-HSCT using different radiopharmaceuticals for PET/CT scans is an important task. Goal of the study: To compare the results of tumor imaging using 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine PET/CT scan in MM patients following auto-HSCT. Materials and methods: Over the period from December 2016 to March 2018, 27 MM patients (8 males and 19 females) aged 32 to 64 years (median=57) were enrolled into a prospective study designed to evaluate efficacy of detection of tumor lesions using PET/CT scan technique. The disease stage according to the International Staging System (ISS) was I, II and III in 10, 7 and 10 patients, respectively. The onset of myeloma cast nephropathy was diagnosed in 4 (18%) patients, intraosseous plasmacytomas were found in 18 (67%) patients, extramedullary brain lesions was observed in 1 case. All patients received induction therapy with bortezomib; immunomodulatory drugs were used in 6 cases. Mobilization of CD34+ blood cells was carried out according to the regimen Cyclophosphamide 4 g/m2 + G-CSF. While using high-dose melphalan (200 mg/m2), a single (n=21) or tandem (n=6) auto-HSCT was conducted. On Day 100 after the initiation of auto-HSCT, PET/CT scan with two radiopharmaceuticals - 18F-FDG and 11C-methionine was performed. The obtained images were evaluated by visual inspection and semi-quantitative analysis. There were foci of increased accumulation of each agent (areas of hypermetabolism) not related to its physiological distribution. For each of the radiopharmaceuticals, the standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in the lesions was estimated automatically. The results of PET/CT and anti-tumor response achieved following auto-HSCT were compared according to the criteria developed by the International Myeloma Working Group. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 10 software. The quantitative values were expressed as the mean value ± standard deviation or the median value. Comparison of the respective measurements was carried out using the Student's t-test. To compare frequencies of data between independent groups, the Fisher's exact test or chi-square test were used. Results: Following auto-HSCT, 60% of patients demonstrated complete remission (CR). When using 18F-FDG, abnormal accumulation was observed in 37% (n=10) cases, PET-negative results were obtained in 63% (n=17) patients. Following administration of 11C-methionine, hypermetabolic foci were revealed in 67% (n=18) cases, lack of accumulation was observed in 33% (n=9) patients (Fig. 1). When using 11C-methionine, MM patients were found 1.8 times more likely to demonstrate abnormal accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical (p<0.02). Following administration of 18F-FDG, PET/CT scans of MM patients demonstrated 1 to 6 (mean value = 1±1.5) foci of abnormal fixation, while the use of 11C-methionine allowed revealing 1 to 12 (mean value=2.5±3.1) lesions. When using 11C-methionine, the number of lesions demonstrating abnormal accumulation of the radiopharmaceutical was 2.5 times that of 18F-FDG (p<0.05). Mean value of SUVmax for 18F-FDG was 1.02±1.6, while the mean value of SUVmax for 11C-methionine was 2.29±2.04. When using 11C-methionine, the values of SUVmax significantly exceeded the respective parameter associated with the use of 18F-FDG (p=0.02). Discussion: The results of our study have demonstrated a significant role of 11C-methionine for detection of tumor lesions in MM patients following auto-HSCT. The use of 11C-methionine PET/CT scan allows improving the accuracy of diagnosis of tumor lesions in MM patients following auto-HSCT. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Download Full-text

A Comparative Study of Topical 3% Tranexamic Acid and 35% Glycolic Acid in Melasma and Review of Literature

Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International ◽

10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i43a32483 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 238-246

Author(s):

S. Soundarya ◽

N. Devanand ◽

Vaishnavi Sabapathi ◽

Jayakar Thomas

Keyword(s):

Side Effects ◽

Tranexamic Acid ◽

Glycolic Acid ◽

Acid Group ◽

Mean Value ◽

Entire Study ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Acid Gel ◽

Group B

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical 3% tranexamic acid gel vs 35% glycolic acid peel in the treatment of melasma over face. Materials and Methods: This is an open labelled, Randomised Controlled Trial(RCT) conducted on 60 patients. Patients were randomly divided equally into 2 groups – Group A and Group B. Patients of Group A used topical 3% tranexamic acid gel twice a day and Group B patients were treated with 35% glycolic acid peel with a contact period of 5 minutes once in every 2 weeks. Patients were assessed every month for a period of 3 months and recurrence was assessed for the next consecutive 3 months following the treatment. Patients were asked to use a broad spectrum sunscreen before sun exposure during the entire study. Assessment of reduction in pigmentation was made by MASI score, subjective and objective valuation (blind observer) and photographic comparison. Safety profile was assessed by the side effects. Results: The mean value of Melasma Area and Severity Index(MASI) score for glycolic acid group at baseline was 14.41 which reduced to 7.05 at end of 3rd month. In tranexamic acid group, the mean value of MASI score at baseline was 14.58 which reduced to 5.96 at the end of 3rd month. The mean percentage of improvement in MASI score in glycolic acid group 52% whereas in tranexamic acid group it is 61%. The side effects were minimal in this study. Side effects were more in glycolic acid group than tranexamic acid group. A total of 8 patients had recurrence during follow up. In glycolic acid group, 5 patients had recurrence whereas in tranexamic acid group, only 3 patients had recurrence. The percentage of recurrence in glycolic acid group is 16.7 % whereas in glycolic acid group it is 10.7%. Conclusion: Tranexamic acid is a novel emerging therapy for melasma. In this study it has been found that topical 3% tranexamic acid is equally efficacious as 35% glycolic acid peel with minimal side effects in the treatment of melasma.

Download Full-text

XYLAZINE-KETAMINE ANAESTHESIA; COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN MALE AND FEMALE CANE RATS (THRYONOMYS SWINDERIANUS)

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.12140 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Olatunji-akioye A ◽

Ojiaka H N ◽

Samuel E. S

Keyword(s):

Muscle Relaxation ◽

Mean Value ◽

Atropine Sulphate ◽

Male And Female ◽

Mean Values ◽

Ketamine Anaesthesia ◽

Body Weights ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

Group B

Objective: Domestication of the Cane rats is on-going globally and might replace the conventional rodents used in biomedical research in future. However, the paucity of information on adequate anaesthesia vis-a-vis xylazine-ketamine drug combination in the male and female Cane rats warranted this study.Methods: Six adult Cane rats {1.8±0.7 kg body weights (bwt.)} assigned into group A (Female) and group B (Male) of three rats each was used for the study. Each animal was premedicated with atropine sulphate (0.05 mg/kg bwt), and later administered xylazine (10 mg/kg bwt) and ketamine (100 mg/kg bwt) intramuscularly. Meanwhile, anaesthetic characteristics and physiologic indices of anaesthesia were monitored.Results: Results obtained showed that the physiologic indices; open eyelids, smooth induction and recovery, skeletal muscle relaxation and somatic analgesia were observed in all the animals, however, the anaesthetic indices; time to induction, time to standing, duration of analgesia and duration of recumbency showed marked sex variations. The mean values for the duration of analgesia and recumbency were significantly elevated (P<0.05) in group B as compared with group A. Similar trend was seen for time to standing, but, it was non-significant (P>005). However, time to induction mean value for group A was non-significantly increased (P>005) when compared with group B. The heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature mean values decreased in both groups non-significantly (P>0.05).Conclusion: Conclusively, the xylazine-ketamine combination produced anaesthesia in Cane rat and the combination is more tolerated in the male Cane rats than the female Cane rats.

Download Full-text

Comparison of minimal inhibitory and bactericidal capacity of oral penicillin V with benzathine penicillin G to Streptococcus beta--hemolyticus group A in children with rheumatic heart disease

Paediatrica Indonesiana ◽

10.14238/pi48.3.2008.152-5 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 152

Author(s):

Burhanuddin Iskandar ◽

Bambang Madiyono ◽

Sudigdo Sastroasmoro ◽

Sukman T. Putra ◽

Mulyadi M. Djer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Mean Value ◽

Penicillin G ◽

Oral Penicillin ◽

Penicillin V ◽

Drug Of Choice ◽

Bactericidal Capacity ◽

Benzathine Penicillin G ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean

Background Injection ofbenzatine penicillin G (BPG) every 28days is still the drug of choice for secondary prevention of rheu-matic heart disease (RHD). BPG sometimes poses problems dueto pain at the injection site, possible anaphylaxis, and is not alwaysavailable. Some centers choose oral penicillin over BPG.Objectives To compare minimal inhibitory capacity (MIC) andminimal bactericidal capacity (MBC) of oral penicillin V serumwith those of BPG among SGA infected RHD.Methods This was a clinical trial with crossover design study tocompare MIC of penicillin V and BPG. Outcome measures wereMIC and MBC. Statistical analysis was performed using pairedt-test and wilcoxon test.Result There were 32 subjects consisted of 17 males and 15females. The mean value of MIC and MBC serum of penicillinV were 0.031 and 0.125. The mean value of MIC and MBCserum of BPG3 were 0.094 and 0.031. Respectively the MICof penicillin V was similar to that of BPGy The mean value ofMIC and MBC of BPG4 were 0.125 and 0.250. Respectively theMIC of penicillin V was significantly higher than that of BPG 4.The MBC of penicillin V was significantly higher than that ofBPG 4. The MIC ofBPG 3 was similar to that ofBPG 4• The MBCof BPG 3 was similar to that of BPG 4.Conclusions The MIC of penicillin V was similar to that ofBPG 3,the MBC of oral penicillin V was higher than that ofBPG 3• TheMIC and MBC of penicillin V was higher than those of BPG 4.

Download Full-text

The Pre- to Post-capillary Resistance Ratio in the Human Forearm

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology ◽

10.1139/y71-103 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 758-773

Author(s):

P. D. Newberry ◽

G. A. Hayman ◽

S. Parsons

Keyword(s):

Venous Pressure ◽

Mean Value ◽

Resistance Ratio ◽

Capillary Filtration ◽

Human Forearm ◽

Brass Sheet ◽

Capillary Resistance ◽

The Mean ◽

The Absolute ◽

The Relationship

A plethysmograph made of two rubber bladders, enclosed in a sleeve of thin brass sheet, was used to measure capillary filtration rate [Formula: see text] in the forearms of five supine subjects at a room temperature of 27 ± 1 °C, at several plethysmograph pressures (pPL) between 0 and 25 mm Hg while venous pressure (pV) was held constant. We (Newberry et al. 1970) reported previously that in the same five subjects [Formula: see text] increased linearly with pV at a mean rate of 0.00357 ml/min∙100 ml∙mm Hg. [Formula: see text] decreased linearly with pPL in each subject (r varied from −0.81 to −0.99) at a mean rate of −0.00538 ml/min∙100 ml∙mm Hg. Compared as paired values the absolute values of these rates are significantly different (p < 0.02). It is shown that the pre- to post-capillary resistance ratio (rA:rV) can be determined from the relationship between the rates of change of [Formula: see text] with change of pV and pPL. The mean value of this ratio was 2:1 with a range from 1.03:1 to 3.5:1. It is likely that the absolute value of [Formula: see text]/ΔpPL is the capillary filtration coefficient.

Download Full-text